About: Kitab al-'Ayn

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Kitab al-'Ayn (Arabic: كتاب العين) is the first Arabic language dictionary and one of the earliest known dictionaries of any language. It was compiled in the eighth century by Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi. The letter ayn (ع) of the dictionary's title is regarded as phonetically the deepest letter in the Arabic alphabet. In addition the word ayn carries the sense of 'a water source in the desert'. Its title "the source" alludes also to the author's interest in etymology and tracing the meanings of words to their Arabic origins.

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  • معجم العين هو أول معجم منسق للغة العربية، قام بكتابته الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي وأتمه ورتبه الليث بن المظفر الليثي الكناني ويعتمد في ترتيبه على مخارج الحروف من أعمق نقطة في الحلق مرورا بحركات اللسان وحتى أطراف الشفتين، وبذلك يكون أول حروفه هو العين وأخرها هو الميم، ثم تتبعهم حروف العلة الجوفية (و، ي، أ). (ar)
  • Kitab al-'Ayn (Arabic: كتاب العين) is the first Arabic language dictionary and one of the earliest known dictionaries of any language. It was compiled in the eighth century by Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi. The letter ayn (ع) of the dictionary's title is regarded as phonetically the deepest letter in the Arabic alphabet. In addition the word ayn carries the sense of 'a water source in the desert'. Its title "the source" alludes also to the author's interest in etymology and tracing the meanings of words to their Arabic origins. Al-Farahidi, who was from the Basra School, chose an unusual arrangement that does not follow the alphabetical order familiar today as the standard dictionary format. Al-Farahidi devised a phonetic system that followed the pattern of pronunciation of the Arabic alphabet. According to this system the order begins with the deepest letter in the throat, the letter ﻉ (ayin), and ends with the last letter pronounced by the lips, that being م (mim). Due to ayin's position as the innermost letter to emerge from the throat, he viewed its origins deep down in the throat as a sign that it was the first sound, the essential sound, the voice and a representation of the self. The original manuscript copy by al-Farahidi is believed to have survived up until the fourteenth century when it seems to have disappeared. However summarized copies by the Spanish lexicologist Abu Bakr al-Zubaydi (d. 989), were circulating in the Spanish province of al-Andalus by the tenth century. (en)
  • «Кни́га А́йна» (араб. كتاب العين‎ — Китаб уль-Айн) — первый арабский словарь, составленный в конце VIII века в Басре Халилем ибн Ахмадом аль-Фарахиди и его учениками, названный по первой букве айн, с которой начинался словарь. Халиль ибн Ахмад аль-Фарахиди посчитал, что не стоит начинать свой труд со слабой буквой «Алиф». Оставив эту букву, он также усомнился в правомерности использования буквы «ба» после «алифа», «та» после «ба» и т. д. (ru)
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  • Kitab al-Ayn (en)
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  • معجم العين هو أول معجم منسق للغة العربية، قام بكتابته الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي وأتمه ورتبه الليث بن المظفر الليثي الكناني ويعتمد في ترتيبه على مخارج الحروف من أعمق نقطة في الحلق مرورا بحركات اللسان وحتى أطراف الشفتين، وبذلك يكون أول حروفه هو العين وأخرها هو الميم، ثم تتبعهم حروف العلة الجوفية (و، ي، أ). (ar)
  • «Кни́га А́йна» (араб. كتاب العين‎ — Китаб уль-Айн) — первый арабский словарь, составленный в конце VIII века в Басре Халилем ибн Ахмадом аль-Фарахиди и его учениками, названный по первой букве айн, с которой начинался словарь. Халиль ибн Ахмад аль-Фарахиди посчитал, что не стоит начинать свой труд со слабой буквой «Алиф». Оставив эту букву, он также усомнился в правомерности использования буквы «ба» после «алифа», «та» после «ба» и т. д. (ru)
  • Kitab al-'Ayn (Arabic: كتاب العين) is the first Arabic language dictionary and one of the earliest known dictionaries of any language. It was compiled in the eighth century by Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi. The letter ayn (ع) of the dictionary's title is regarded as phonetically the deepest letter in the Arabic alphabet. In addition the word ayn carries the sense of 'a water source in the desert'. Its title "the source" alludes also to the author's interest in etymology and tracing the meanings of words to their Arabic origins. (en)
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  • معجم العين (ar)
  • Kitab al-'Ayn (en)
  • Книга Айна (ru)
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  • Kitab al-Ayn (en)
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