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In Jainism, Pudgala (or Pudgalāstikāya) is one of the six Dravyas, or aspects of reality that fabricate the world we live in. The six dravyas include the jiva and the fivefold divisions of ajiva (non-living) category: dharma (motion), adharma (rest), akasha (space), pudgala (matter) and kala (time). Pudgala, like other dravyas except kala is called astikaya in the sense that it occupies space. In Buddhism, Pudgala means the entity that reincarnates as an individual or person, i.e., the bundle of tendencies that keeps an individual reincarnating until they attain enlightenment.

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  • Pudgala (fr)
  • Pudgala (en)
  • Пудгала (ru)
  • 補特伽羅 (耆那教) (zh)
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  • Pudgala (en pâli puggala, chinois: bǔtèjiāluó 补特伽罗 ou 補特伽羅) est un terme sanskrit de la philosophie du bouddhisme et du jaïnisme, qui signifie selon le contexte « corps, matière ; individu, ego ». (fr)
  • 在耆那教中，補特伽羅意為物質、材料，是非命的一種。它本身有一定的形態，是構築世界萬物的基料。由於補特伽羅也是組成人體的基本材料，故亦隱含有「人」的意思。耆那教認為補特伽羅也是一種實體。 (zh)
  • In Jainism, Pudgala (or Pudgalāstikāya) is one of the six Dravyas, or aspects of reality that fabricate the world we live in. The six dravyas include the jiva and the fivefold divisions of ajiva (non-living) category: dharma (motion), adharma (rest), akasha (space), pudgala (matter) and kala (time). Pudgala, like other dravyas except kala is called astikaya in the sense that it occupies space. In Buddhism, Pudgala means the entity that reincarnates as an individual or person, i.e., the bundle of tendencies that keeps an individual reincarnating until they attain enlightenment. (en)
  • Пудгала («личность» (санскр.)) — понятие буддийской философии и психологии, согласно которым пудгала представляет собой лишь видимость личности, сконструированную «скандхами» — формообразующими составными потока человеческой (и не только) психики. Исключение составляла школа самматия (буддийская школа, возникшая примерно в 150 г. до н. э.) которая скорее была склонна рассматривать личность (пудгала) как реальность. (ru)
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  • Pudgala (en pâli puggala, chinois: bǔtèjiāluó 补特伽罗 ou 補特伽羅) est un terme sanskrit de la philosophie du bouddhisme et du jaïnisme, qui signifie selon le contexte « corps, matière ; individu, ego ». (fr)
  • In Jainism, Pudgala (or Pudgalāstikāya) is one of the six Dravyas, or aspects of reality that fabricate the world we live in. The six dravyas include the jiva and the fivefold divisions of ajiva (non-living) category: dharma (motion), adharma (rest), akasha (space), pudgala (matter) and kala (time). Pudgala, like other dravyas except kala is called astikaya in the sense that it occupies space. Pudgala is derived from the words 'pud', which is defined as Supplement (Addition /Fusion), and gala, which is defined as Disintegrate, or Division or Fission. Therefore, Pudgalas are best defined as all things that are continuously changing by the process of Supplementation or Disintegration, namely matter. The individual unit of Pudgala is the material from which all is made called a Paramanu, which, by the process of supplementation, can combine to form what can be roughly said is an aggregate, called a Skandha. It possesses at all times four qualities, namely, a color (varna), a taste (rasa), a smell (gandha), and a certain kind of palpability (sparsha, touch). In Buddhism, Pudgala means the entity that reincarnates as an individual or person, i.e., the bundle of tendencies that keeps an individual reincarnating until they attain enlightenment. (en)
  • Пудгала («личность» (санскр.)) — понятие буддийской философии и психологии, согласно которым пудгала представляет собой лишь видимость личности, сконструированную «скандхами» — формообразующими составными потока человеческой (и не только) психики. Исключение составляла школа самматия (буддийская школа, возникшая примерно в 150 г. до н. э.) которая скорее была склонна рассматривать личность (пудгала) как реальность. Практически все школы буддизма учат о «не-существовании личности», психика рассматривается в буддизме как «текучее непрерывно меняющееся», подобно кадрам на киноплёнке — это одна из составляющих триады признаков буддизма (трилакшана): * Анатта — «не-я» (пали) \анатман — санскр.\ * Аничча (непостоянство — пали, анитья — санскр.) * Дуккха — «страдание» \речь о том, что любое непросветлённое бытие исполнено проблем\. (ru)
  • 在耆那教中，補特伽羅意為物質、材料，是非命的一種。它本身有一定的形態，是構築世界萬物的基料。由於補特伽羅也是組成人體的基本材料，故亦隱含有「人」的意思。耆那教認為補特伽羅也是一種實體。 (zh)
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