| has abstract
| - تقدم الارشادات الغذائية للأمريكيين (DGA) نصائح غذائية للأمريكيين الذين تزيد اعمارهم عن السنتين. يتم نشر الارشادات كل 5 سنوات بواسطة وزارة الزراعة الأمريكية، جنبا إلى جنب مع وزارة الصحة والخدمات الأمريكية. الهدف الاسمى من المبادئ التوجيهية الغذائية للأمريكيين هو مساعدة المهنيين الصحيين وصناع السياسات على تقديم المشورة حول الخيارات الصحية لنظامهم الغذائي بالرغم من أن المبادئ التوجيهية الغذائية لدى الأمريكيين، يزعم أنها تستند إلى نهج مرجعي للهيئة الحالية لعلوم التغذية، تجادل النقّاد على أن اللجنة الاستشارية المكلفة بصياغة خطة الاسترجاع وتحليل الادلة العلمية للطبعة الحالية من DGA تستخدم عملية اقل صرامة لتقييم التأثير الصحي لاستهلاك الدهون المشبعة والملح ولتقييم التأثيرات الصحية لنظام غذائي منخفض الدهون وعالي الكربوهيدرات أدت هذه المراجعة الأقل صرامة لأدبيات علوم التغذية إلى إغفال العديد من التجارب السريرية الكبيرة والعالية الجودة وكذلك إغفال بعض دراسات الملاحظة المرتقبة عالية الجودة. كان لدى بعض أعضاء اللجنة الاستشارية أيضًا تضارب في المصالح لم يتم الكشف عنه بالكامل. لهذه الأسباب، اعترض النقاد على جودة التقرير العلمي للجنة الاستشارية وصلاحية DGA لأعوم2015-2020 نفسها لأنها تأثرت دون داعٍ بالمصالح التجارية وبكونها معيبة بسبب التحيز المؤكد لبعض أعضاء اللجنة الاستشارية (ar)
- The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide nutritional advice for Americans who are healthy or who are at risk for chronic disease but do not currently have chronic disease. The Guidelines are published every five years by the US Department of Agriculture, together with the US Department of Health and Human Services. Notably, the most recent ninth edition for 2020–25 includes dietary guidelines for children from birth to 23 months. In addition to the Dietary Guidelines per se, there additional tools for assessing diet and nutrition, including the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) which can be used to assess the quality of a given selection of foods in the context of the Dietary Guidelines. Also provided are additional explanations regarding customization of the Guidelines to individual eating preferences, application of the Guidelines during pregnancy and infancy, the USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, information about the Nutrition Communicators Network and the MyPlate initiative, information from the National Academies about redesigning the process by which the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are created, and information about dietary guidelines from other nations. The nominal purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to help health professionals and policymakers to advise Americans about healthy choices for their diet; many critics have suggested that the chief purpose is instead to support the commercial interests of agribusiness and food manufacturers. For the expert panel that developed the new guidelines, 19 of the twenty panel members had conflicts of interest due to ties to the food or pharmaceutical industries with research funding or membership of an advisory/executive board accounting for more than 60% of the documented conflicts of interest. Multiple panel members had connections with one or more of Kellogg, Abbott, Kraft, Mead Johnson, General Mills, Dannon, and the International Life Sciences. In formulating the Dietary Guidelines for 2020–2025, the US Federal government rejected the advice of the expert scientific panel that the guidelines set new low targets for consumption of sugar and alcoholic beverages. Some experts have criticized the current Dietary Guidelines for a lack of adherence to a rigorous, verified scientific methodology and inadequate efforts to increase transparency and manage bias as was recommended by two Congressionally-mandated reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) in 2017. It has been noted that the 2020 Report does not comply with the law, as it does not reflect the "preponderance of scientific and medical knowledge which is current at the time the report is prepared." The current edition (2020-2025) gives four overarching guidelines: Follow a healthy dietary pattern throughout life; use nutrient-dense food and beverages to reflect personal preferences, cultural traditions, and budgetary considerations; meet dietary food group needs with nutrient-dense foods and beverages within calorie limits; and limit foods and beverages with higher added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages. In support of these four guidelines, the key recommendations are: avoid added sugars for infants and toddlers and limit added sugars to less than 10% of calories for those 2 years old and older; limit saturated fat to less than 10% of calories starting at age 2; limit sodium to less than 2,300 mg per day (or even less if younger than 14) and limit alcoholic beverages (if consumed) to 2 drinks or less daily for men and 1 drink or less a daily for women. In 2022, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued a new "mid-course correction" report evaluating how well the USDA has followed their 2016 recommendations. Six of the seven recommendations made by the NASEM in 2017 have not been fully adopted; one recommendation could not be assessed by the NASEM. Since the introduction of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in 1980, many Americans have followed the recommendations in these guidelines, markedly increasing their consumption of carbohydrates. Since 1980, there has been a marked increase in obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 in the American population. (en)
|
![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)
![[cxml]](/fct/images/cxml_doc.png)
![[csv]](/fct/images/csv_doc.png)
![[text]](/fct/images/ntriples_doc.png)
![[turtle]](/fct/images/n3turtle_doc.png)
![[ld+json]](/fct/images/jsonld_doc.png)
![[rdf+json]](/fct/images/json_doc.png)
![[rdf+xml]](/fct/images/xml_doc.png)
![[atom+xml]](/fct/images/atom_doc.png)
![[html]](/fct/images/html_doc.png)