About: Bernstein v. United States

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Bernstein v. United States is a set of court cases brought by Daniel J. Bernstein challenging restrictions on the export of cryptography from the United States.

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Case107308889 yago:Event100029378 yago:Happening107283608 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity
rdfs:label	Bernstein v. United States (en) 伯恩斯坦诉合众国案 (zh)
rdfs:comment	Bernstein v. United States is a set of court cases brought by Daniel J. Bernstein challenging restrictions on the export of cryptography from the United States. (en) 伯恩斯坦诉合众国案（Bernstein v. United States）是丹尼尔·J·伯恩斯坦挑战美国限制的一系列司法案件。该案始于1995年，作为加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的一名学生，伯恩斯坦希望发表一篇关于他的Snuffle加密系统的论文并附上相关的源代码。伯恩斯坦由电子前哨基金会代表，聘请外部律师，并获得了伯克利李·田（Lee Tien）、旧金山Steefel律师事务所M·爱德华·罗斯（M. Edward Ross）、奥克兰第一修正案计划詹姆斯·惠顿（James Wheaton）和伊丽莎·白普利兹克（Elizabeth Pritzker）、华盛顿特区Hogan＆Hartson律师事务所罗伯特·科恩-里维尔（Robert Corn-Revere），朱莉娅·高根（Julia Kogan）和杰里米·米勒（Jeremy Miller）的无偿援助。经过四年和一次行政监管变更之后，第九巡回上诉法院裁定软件源代码受到第一修正案的保护，政府阻止其发布是违宪的。对于过去的相关法规，电子前哨基金会如此陈述： ——Electronic Frontier Foundation: EFF's History 后来，政府要求全院庭审复审。在伯恩斯坦诉美国司法部（传票号192 F.3d 1308）中，第九巡回法院命令法院重审此案，并撤销了三审法官的意见。 (zh)
name	Bernstein I (en) Bernstein II (en) Bernstein III (en)
dcterms:subject	United States District Court for the Northern District of California cases United States Internet case law Electronic Frontier Foundation litigation United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases 1997 in United States case law 1996 in United States case law Cryptography law
Wikipage page ID	340772 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1122342340 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	United States District Court for the Northern District of California cases Pretty Good Privacy En banc Betty Binns Fletcher United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit United States Department of State United States District Court for the Northern District of California University of California, Berkeley University of Illinois at Chicago United States Internet case law Computer software Electronic Frontier Foundation Myron H. Bright Thomas G. Nelson Electronic Frontier Foundation litigation State Department United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases 1997 in United States case law Junger v. Daley United States Munitions List 1996 in United States case law Daniel J. Bernstein First Amendment to the United States Constitution Flamethrowers Cindy Cohn Source code Cryptography law Marilyn Hall Patel Export of cryptography from the United States FBI–Apple encryption dispute Pro bono publico
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	https://www.epic.org/crypto/export_controls/bernstein_decision_9_cir.html https://www.netlitigation.com/netlitigation/cases/bernstein.htm https://cr.yp.to/export.html https://www.eff.org/cases/bernstein-v-us-dept-justice https://www.wired.com/2016/02/apple-brief-fbi-response-iphone/
sameAs	Bernstein v. United States Bernstein v. United States Bernstein v. United States Bernstein v. United States
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:! dbt:Quote dbt:Redirect dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Infobox_court_case
author	Electronic Frontier Foundation: EFF's History (en)
citations	922 (xsd:integer) 945 (xsd:integer) 25920.0 (second)
court	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit United States District Court for the Northern District of California
full name	Daniel J. Bernstein et al., v. United States Department of State et al. (en)
imagesize	120 (xsd:integer)
judges	Betty Binns Fletcher Myron H. Bright Thomas G. Nelson Marilyn Hall Patel
text	Years before, the government had placed encryption, a method for scrambling messages so they can only be understood by their intended recipients, on the United States Munitions List, alongside bombs and flamethrowers, as a weapon to be regulated for national security purposes. Companies and individuals exporting items on the munitions list, including software with encryption capabilities, had to obtain prior State Department approval. (en)
has abstract	Bernstein v. United States is a set of court cases brought by Daniel J. Bernstein challenging restrictions on the export of cryptography from the United States. (en) 伯恩斯坦诉合众国案（Bernstein v. United States）是丹尼尔·J·伯恩斯坦挑战美国限制的一系列司法案件。该案始于1995年，作为加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的一名学生，伯恩斯坦希望发表一篇关于他的Snuffle加密系统的论文并附上相关的源代码。伯恩斯坦由电子前哨基金会代表，聘请外部律师，并获得了伯克利李·田（Lee Tien）、旧金山Steefel律师事务所M·爱德华·罗斯（M. Edward Ross）、奥克兰第一修正案计划詹姆斯·惠顿（James Wheaton）和伊丽莎·白普利兹克（Elizabeth Pritzker）、华盛顿特区Hogan＆Hartson律师事务所罗伯特·科恩-里维尔（Robert Corn-Revere），朱莉娅·高根（Julia Kogan）和杰里米·米勒（Jeremy Miller）的无偿援助。经过四年和一次行政监管变更之后，第九巡回上诉法院裁定软件源代码受到第一修正案的保护，政府阻止其发布是违宪的。对于过去的相关法规，电子前哨基金会如此陈述：数年前，政府已经将加密，一种加扰消息并只能使收信人理解的技术，与炸弹、火焰喷射器一同置于军需品清单，作为国家安全目的的管制武器。公司或个人出口军需品清单上的物品，包括软件和加密功能，必须事先获得国务院批准。（Years before, the government had placed encryption, a method for scrambling messages so they can only be understood by their intended recipients, on the United States Munitions List, alongside bombs and flamethrowers, as a weapon to be regulated for national security purposes. Companies and individuals exporting items on the munitions list, including software with encryption capabilities, had to obtain prior State Department approval.） ——Electronic Frontier Foundation: EFF's History 后来，政府要求全院庭审复审。在伯恩斯坦诉美国司法部（传票号192 F.3d 1308）中，第九巡回法院命令法院重审此案，并撤销了三审法官的意见。尽管政府再次修改并大幅度宽松了法规，时任伊利諾大學芝加哥分校教授的伯恩斯坦再次向他们发起了挑战。直到一审的九年后，2003年10月15日，法官驳回了此案，并要求伯恩斯坦在政府出现“具体风险”时再来上诉。 (zh)
date decided	1996-04-15 (xsd:date) 1996-12-09 (xsd:date) 1999-05-06 (xsd:date)
opinions	Concurrence by Bright (en) Dissent by Nelson (en) Opinion by Fletcher (en)
prior actions	Hon. Marilyn Hall Patel ruled for plaintiff in 974 F.Supp. 1288 (en)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Bernstein_v._United_States?oldid=1122342340&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	6652 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Bernstein_v._United_States
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Pretty Good Privacy List of University of Michigan alumni List of cryptographers Betty Binns Fletcher Robert Corn-Revere Cypherpunk Defense Distributed v. United States Department of State

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