The 2010 Heartland Championship was the fifth edition of the New Zealand provincial rugby union competition, since the 2006 reconstruction. The teams represented the 12 amateur rugby unions. In Round One, the teams were split into two pools of 6 teams in a round-robin format (30 games, from 30 August to 25 September). The winning teams were Whanganui in the Meads Cup, and Wairarapa-Bush in the Lochore Cup.