@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbr: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type . @prefix dbo: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type dbo:Philosopher . @prefix yago: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type yago:SocialScientist110619642 . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type wikidata:Q5 , wikidata:Q4964182 , wikidata:Q729 , yago:Associate109816771 , yago:Organism100004475 , wikidata:Q215627 , yago:Philosopher110423589 , yago:WikicatJewishAgnostics , yago:Agnostic109779124 , wikidata:Q19088 , yago:WikicatPhilosophersOfScience , yago:Object100002684 , yago:WikicatAmericanAgnostics , yago:WikicatAnalyticPhilosophers , yago:CausalAgent100007347 , yago:WikicatAmericanPeople , yago:Alumnus109786338 , yago:Writer110794014 , yago:WikicatHarvardUniversityAlumni , yago:WikicatPeopleFromOhio , yago:Physicist110428004 , yago:Communicator109610660 . @prefix owl: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type owl:Thing , yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 , yago:LivingThing100004258 , yago:WikicatSociologistsOfScience , yago:WikicatHistoriansOfPhilosophy , yago:Historian110177150 . @prefix foaf: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type foaf:Person , yago:WikicatHistoriansOfScience , yago:Wikicat20th-centuryHistorians , yago:Colleague109935990 , yago:WikicatAmericanPhilosophers , yago:WikicatAmericanPhysicists , yago:Person100007846 , yago:WikicatGuggenheimFellows , , yago:Wikicat20th-centuryPhysicists , yago:WikicatAtheistPhilosophers , yago:WikicatJewishPhilosophers , yago:Wikicat20th-centuryPhilosophers , yago:YagoLegalActor , yago:YagoLegalActorGeo , yago:WikicatJewishPhysicists , yago:Scientist110560637 , dbo:Animal , yago:Wikicat20th-centuryAmericanWriters , yago:WikicatAmericanHistorians , yago:Intellectual109621545 , yago:WikicatJewishHistorians , yago:Scholar110557854 , dbo:Species . @prefix ns7: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type ns7:NaturalPerson , yago:Peer109626238 . @prefix schema: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdf:type schema:Person , dbo:Eukaryote , yago:Sociologist110620758 , yago:WikicatAmericanScientists , dbo:Person , yago:Whole100003553 . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn rdfs:label "Thomas Kuhn"@pt , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn"@cs , "Thomas Kuhn"@sv , "Thomas Kuhn"@eu , "Thomas Kuhn"@in , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn"@ga , "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0646"@ar , "Thomas S. Kuhn"@de , "Thomas Kuhn"@en , "Thomas Kuhn"@eo , "\u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u041A\u0443\u043D"@uk , "\u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u039A\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD"@el , "Thomas Kuhn"@es , "\uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uCFE4"@ko , "Thomas Kuhn"@nl , "Thomas Kuhn"@pl , "\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30AF\u30FC\u30F3"@ja , "Thomas Kuhn"@ca , "\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u5E93\u6069"@zh , "Thomas Kuhn"@it , "Thomas Kuhn"@fr , "\u041A\u0443\u043D, \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441"@ru ; rdfs:comment "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (/\u02C8ku\u02D0n/; 18 Juli 1922 \u2013 17 Juni 1996) adalah seorang filsuf, fisikawan, dan sejarawan Amerika Serikat yang menulis buku The Structure of Scientific Revolutions pada tahun 1962 yang sangat berpengaruh dalam dunia akademik. Buku tersebut memperkenalkan istilah \"pergeseran paradigma\". Kuhn membuat beberapa klaim mengenai perkembangan : Kuhn menyumbangkan penafsiran pada dunia sains dan filsafat sains bahwa Revolusi Copernican merupakan suatu peristiwa radikal dalam dunia sains karena mengubah secara drastis metode spekulatif sains menjadi metode empiris/eksperimental/observasi."@in , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 luglio 1922 \u2013 Cambridge, 17 giugno 1996) \u00E8 stato un fisico, storico e filosofo statunitense. Epistemologo, scrisse diversi saggi di storia della scienza, sviluppando alcune fondamentali nozioni di filosofia della scienza. Formul\u00F2 un'epistemologia alternativa a quella del falsificazionismo di Karl Popper, suo principale bersaglio polemico."@it , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (* 18. Juli 1922 in Cincinnati, Ohio; \u2020 17. Juni 1996 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker, Wissenschaftsphilosoph und Wissenschaftshistoriker. Er geh\u00F6rt zu den bedeutendsten Wissenschaftstheoretikern des 20. Jahrhunderts."@de , "\u039F \u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u039A\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD (Thomas Kuhn), \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03AD\u03B1\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 20\u03BF\u03CD \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1. \u0393\u03B5\u03BD\u03BD\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u039F\u03C7\u03AC\u03B9\u03BF \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03A0\u0391 \u03C4\u03BF 1922 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03AD\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF 1996 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u039C\u03B1\u03C3\u03B1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7. \u03A3\u03C0\u03BF\u03CD\u03B4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03BC\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A0\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A7\u03AC\u03C1\u03B2\u03B1\u03C1\u03BD\u03C4, \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 1946 \u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03BA\u03BB\u03AE\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03B4\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE."@el , "is stara\u00ED eola\u00EDochta a saola\u00EDodh i Cincinnati, Ohio, ab ea Thomas Samuel Kuhn (18 I\u00FAil 1922 \u2013 17 Meitheamh 1996). Ina leabhar The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Strucht\u00FAr R\u00E9abhl\u00F3id\u00ED Eola\u00EDochta, 1962) cheistigh s\u00E9 an coincheap coiteann gur pr\u00F3iseas breisitheach aontreoch \u00ED forbairt na heola\u00EDochta. Thug s\u00E9 isteach coincheap na bparaid\u00EDm\u00ED, gr\u00FApa coincheapanna gaolmhara a bh\u00EDonn in ioma\u00EDocht le ch\u00E9ile ag am athraithe thapa san eola\u00EDocht. In Cambridge, Massachusetts, a fuair s\u00E9 b\u00E1s ag an ailse."@ga , "\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u585E\u7F2A\u5C14\u00B7\u5E93\u6069\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AThomas Samuel Kuhn\uFF0C1922\u5E747\u670818\u65E5\uFF0D1996\u5E746\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u7269\u7406\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u79D1\u5B78\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u548C\u79D1\u5B66\u54F2\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4EE3\u8868\u4F5C\u4E3A\u300A\u54E5\u767D\u5C3C\u9769\u547D\u300B\u548C\u300A\u79D1\u5B66\u9769\u547D\u7684\u7ED3\u6784\u300B\u3002 \u5176\u6700\u6709\u540D\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u300A\u79D1\u5B66\u9769\u547D\u7684\u7ED3\u6784\u300B\uFF08The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\uFF0C1962\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u70BA\u7576\u4EE3\u7684\u79D1\u5B78\u601D\u60F3\u7814\u7A76\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u4E00\u500B\u5EE3\u70BA\u4EBA\u77E5\u7684\u8A0E\u8AD6\u57FA\u790E\uFF1B\u4E0D\u8AD6\u662F\u8D0A\u6210\u6216\u662F\u6279\u8A55\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u53EF\u4EE5\u8AAA\u662F\u6700\u6709\u5F71\u97FF\u529B\u7684\u79D1\u5B78\u53F2\u53CA\u79D1\u5B78\u54F2\u5B78\u5BB6\uFF0C\u5176\u8457\u4F5C\u4E5F\u88AB\u5F15\u7528\u5230\u79D1\u5B78\u53F2\u4E4B\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ED6\u5EE3\u6CDB\u9818\u57DF\u4E2D\u3002\u7D10\u7D04\u6642\u5831\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5E93\u6069\u7684\u9019\u672C\u8457\u4F5C\uFF0C\u8B93\u7BC4\u5F0F\uFF08paradigm \uFF09\u9019\u500B\u8A5E\u5F59\u8B8A\u6210\u7576\u4EE3\u6700\u5E38\u51FA\u73FE\u7684\u8A5E\u5F59\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002"@zh , "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0626\u064A\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Thomas Samuel Kuhn)\u200F \u0623\u0648 (\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646) (18 \u062A\u0645\u0648\u0632 1922 - 17 \u062D\u0632\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0646 1996) \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0623\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0628\u063A\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0646\u062D\u062F\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062A\u064A \u2013 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0648\u060C \u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0626\u064A\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0627."@ar , "\u0422\u043E\u0301\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u044D\u0301\u043C\u044E\u044D\u043B \u041A\u0443\u0301\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thomas Samuel Kuhn; 18 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1922, \u0426\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u041E\u0433\u0430\u0439\u043E \u2014 17 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1996, \u041A\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436, \u041C\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0441) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u044D\u043D\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041A\u0443\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438 XX \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044F, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E, \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u00AB\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0439\u00BB \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044E \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438."@ru , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn, f\u00F6dd 18 juli 1922 i Cincinnati, Ohio, d\u00F6d 17 juni 1996 i Cambridge, Massachusetts, var en amerikansk professor, vetenskapsteoretiker och f\u00F6rfattare till m\u00E5nga verk inom id\u00E9- och l\u00E4rdomshistoria. Kuhn avlade doktorsexamen i fysik vid Harvard University 1949 och undervisade sedan i vetenskapshistoria vid detta universitet mellan 1948 och 1956. D\u00E4refter undervisade Kuhn vid, i tur och ordning, University of California, Berkeley, Princeton University och Massachusetts Institute of Technology, till dess han pensionerade sig 1991."@sv , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (/ku\u02D0n/; July 18, 1922 \u2013 June 17, 1996) was an American philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift, which has since become an English-language idiom."@en , "\uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uC0C8\uBBA4\uC5BC \uCFE4(Thomas Samuel Kuhn, 1922\uB144 7\uC6D4 18\uC77C - 1996\uB144 6\uC6D4 17\uC77C)\uC740 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uC0AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uACFC\uD559\uCCA0\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \u300A\uACFC\uD559 \uD601\uBA85\uC758 \uAD6C\uC870\u300B\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uCCA0\uD559, \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559, \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559 \uB4F1 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uBD84\uC57C\uB97C \uC12D\uB835\uD558\uC5EC \uACFC\uD559\uCCA0\uD559\uC5D0 \uD070 \uC5C5\uC801\uC744 \uB0A8\uAE30\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74 \uACFC\uD559\uC758 \uBC1C\uC804\uC740 \uC810\uC9C4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C0\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C \uD328\uB7EC\uB2E4\uC784\uC758 \uC804\uD658\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uD601\uBA85\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C0\uBA70 \uC774 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C '\uACFC\uD559\uD601\uBA85'\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB800\uB2E4."@ko , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (ur. 18 lipca 1922 w Cincinnati, zm. 17 czerwca 1996 w Cambridge) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski fizyk, historyk i filozof nauki, tw\u00F3rca poj\u0119cia paradygmatu naukowego."@pl , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (18. \u010Dervence 1922 \u2013 17. \u010Dervna 1996) byl americk\u00FD filosof, fyzik, teoretik v\u011Bdy a v\u011Bdeck\u00E9ho pozn\u00E1n\u00ED, zab\u00FDval se d\u011Bjinami v\u011Bdy, astronomi\u00ED, kvantovou teori\u00ED a jej\u00ED prehistori\u00ED. M\u011Bl velk\u00FD vliv v akademick\u00FDch ale i popul\u00E1rn\u00EDch kruz\u00EDch. Zavedl term\u00EDn \"paradigma\", kter\u00FD se od t\u00E9 doby stal hojn\u011B pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FDm idiomem."@cs , "\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30B5\u30DF\u30E5\u30A8\u30EB\u30FB\u30AF\u30FC\u30F3\uFF08Thomas Samuel Kuhn\u30011922\u5E747\u670818\u65E5 - 1996\u5E746\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u54F2\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u5C02\u9580\u306F\u79D1\u5B66\u53F2\u53CA\u3073\u79D1\u5B66\u54F2\u5B66\u3002\u90A6\u8A33\u8457\u4F5C\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u540D\u524D\u306E\u8868\u8A18\u306F\u3044\u305A\u308C\u3082\u300C\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30AF\u30FC\u30F3\u300D\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u5834\u5408\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300C\u30C8\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30AF\u30FC\u30F3\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922ko uztailaren 18a \u2013 1996ko ekainaren 17a) AEBetako pentsalaria izan zen, zientziaren filosofian ekarpen garrantzitsuak egin zituena. Ezaguna da (Iraultza Zientifikoen Egitura) liburua idazteagatik, eta bertan paradigmaren aldaketa kontzeptua garatzeagatik."@eu , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn, n\u00E9 le 18 juillet 1922 \u00E0 Cincinnati, dans l'Ohio et mort le 17 juin 1996 \u00E0 Cambridge, dans le Massachusetts, est un philosophe des sciences et historien des sciences am\u00E9ricain. Il s\u2019est principalement int\u00E9ress\u00E9 aux structures et \u00E0 la dynamique des groupes scientifiques \u00E0 travers l\u2019histoire des sciences. Il est le promoteur d'une interpr\u00E9tation de l'histoire des sciences selon laquelle le d\u00E9veloppement historique des th\u00E9ories est discontinu ; pour rendre compte de ce processus il reprend, \u00E0 Alexandre Koyr\u00E9 notamment, le concept de r\u00E9volution scientifique et introduit celui, devenu classique, de (en) (paradigm shift en anglais)."@fr , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 de julio de 1922-Cambridge, 17 de junio de 1996) fue un f\u00EDsico, fil\u00F3sofo de la ciencia e historiador estadounidense, conocido por su contribuci\u00F3n al cambio de orientaci\u00F3n de la filosof\u00EDa y la sociolog\u00EDa cient\u00EDfica en la d\u00E9cada de 1960."@es , "\u0422\u043E\u0301\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u0435\u0301\u043C\u044E\u0435\u043B \u041A\u0443\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thomas Samuel Kuhn; *18 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1922 \u2014 \u202017 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1996) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444 \u0456 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u041D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E-\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0439, \u041A\u0443\u043D \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u043A\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044F\u043A \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0436\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438."@uk , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati (Ohio), 18 juli 1922 \u2013 Cambridge (Massachusetts), 17 juni 1996) was een Amerikaans natuurkundige en wetenschapsfilosoof. Kuhn is vooral bekend door zijn boek The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), in Nederlandse vertaling verschenen als: De structuur van wetenschappelijke revoluties, waarin hij het idee naar voren brengt dat wetenschap niet geleidelijk evolueert maar door paradigmawisselingen sprongsgewijs verandert."@nl , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, Ohio, 18 de juliol del 1922 - Cambridge, Massachusetts, 17 de juny del 1996) va ser un epistem\u00F2leg dels Estats Units, popularment m\u00E9s conegut per encunyar el concepte de paradigma i els seus canvis en l'\u00E0mbit cient\u00EDfic."@ca , "Thomas KUHN (1922-1996) estis usona filozofo, Filozofo de scienco, kaj historiisto de moderna scienco. Li estis profesoro kiu instruis \u0109e Berkeley (1956-64), Universitato Princeton (1964-79) kaj MIT. Sed lia \u0109efa verko, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (\"La strukturo de sciencaj revolucioj\"), li verkis \u011Din kiam li ankora\u016D estis studento de fiziko en Harvard kiam li studis pri Koperniko kaj Aristotelo. Strukturo unufoje estis monografo, sed poste en 1962 \u011Di estis eldonita kiel libro."@eo , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 de julho de 1922 \u2014 Cambridge, 17 de junho de 1996) foi um f\u00EDsico, historiador e fil\u00F3sofo da ci\u00EAncia estadunidense. Seu trabalho incidiu sobre hist\u00F3ria da ci\u00EAncia e filosofia da ci\u00EAncia, tornando-se um marco no estudo do processo que leva ao desenvolvimento cient\u00EDfico."@pt ; foaf:depiction ; dbo:birthPlace dbr:Ohio , dbr:Cincinnati ; dbo:deathPlace dbr:Massachusetts , . @prefix dbp: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn dbp:deathPlace "Cambridge, Massachusetts, US"@en . @prefix xsd: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn dbo:deathDate "1996-06-17"^^xsd:date ; dbp:birthPlace "Cincinnati, Ohio, US"@en ; dbo:birthDate "1922-07-18"^^xsd:date . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn dcterms:subject dbc:Members_of_the_European_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts , , dbc:Taft_School_alumni , dbc:Historians_of_science , , dbc:Corresponding_Fellows_of_the_British_Academy , , dbc:American_male_non-fiction_writers , dbc:Historians_from_California , dbc:Thomas_Kuhn , dbc:Philosophers_from_Ohio , dbc:Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences_fellows , dbc:Jewish_American_historians , dbc:Philosophers_of_science , dbc:Scientists_from_Cincinnati , dbc:Princeton_University_faculty , dbc:Historians_from_Ohio , dbc:Deaths_from_lung_cancer , dbc:Members_of_the_American_Philosophical_Society , dbc:Harvard_University_alumni , dbc:Harvard_University_faculty , dbc:Jewish_philosophers , , , , , , ; 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dbp:thesisTitle "The Cohesive Energy of Monovalent Metals as a Function of Their Atomic Quantum Defects"@en ; dbp:thesisUrl ns14:abstract . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Main , dbt:Philosophy_of_science , dbt:Cite_SEP , dbt:Use_mdy_dates , dbt:Authority_control , dbt:Positivism , dbt:ISBN , dbt:IPAc-en , dbt:Wikiquote , dbt:Infobox_philosopher , dbt:Rp , dbt:Short_description , dbt:Commons_category , dbt:Citation_needed , dbt:Internet_Archive_author , dbt:Cvt , dbt:Death_date_and_age , dbt:Birth_date , dbt:Analytic_philosophy , dbt:Presidents_of_the_History_of_Science_Society , dbt:Reflist ; dbo:thumbnail ; dbp:birthDate "1922-07-18"^^xsd:date ; dbp:birthName "Thomas Samuel Kuhn"@en ; dbp:caption "Kuhn in 1973"@en ; dbp:deathDate "1996-06-17"^^xsd:date ; dbp:education "Harvard University"@en ; dbp:era 20 ; dbp:influenced "Philip Kitcher"@en , "Martin Cohen"@en , "Paul Feyerabend"@en , "Imre Lakatos"@en , "Jacques Ellul"@en , ""@en ; dbp:influences "Immanuel Kant"@en , "Ludwik Fleck"@en , "Ludwig Wittgenstein"@en , "H\u00E9l\u00E8ne Metzger"@en , "Jean Piaget"@en , "Norwood Russell Hanson"@en , "Alexandre Koyr\u00E9"@en , "\u00C9mile Meyerson"@en , "Anneliese Maier"@en , "John Hasbrouck Van Vleck"@en , "Herbert Butterfield"@en , ""@en , "Karl Popper"@en , "Michael Polanyi"@en ; dbp:mainInterests dbr:History_of_science , dbr:Philosophy_of_science ; dbp:region dbr:American_philosophy , dbr:Western_philosophy ; dbp:schoolTradition dbr:Analytic_philosophy , dbr:Historical_turn , dbr:Historiographical_externalism ; dbo:abstract "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati (Ohio), 18 juli 1922 \u2013 Cambridge (Massachusetts), 17 juni 1996) was een Amerikaans natuurkundige en wetenschapsfilosoof. Kuhn is vooral bekend door zijn boek The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), in Nederlandse vertaling verschenen als: De structuur van wetenschappelijke revoluties, waarin hij het idee naar voren brengt dat wetenschap niet geleidelijk evolueert maar door paradigmawisselingen sprongsgewijs verandert."@nl , "is stara\u00ED eola\u00EDochta a saola\u00EDodh i Cincinnati, Ohio, ab ea Thomas Samuel Kuhn (18 I\u00FAil 1922 \u2013 17 Meitheamh 1996). Ina leabhar The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Strucht\u00FAr R\u00E9abhl\u00F3id\u00ED Eola\u00EDochta, 1962) cheistigh s\u00E9 an coincheap coiteann gur pr\u00F3iseas breisitheach aontreoch \u00ED forbairt na heola\u00EDochta. Thug s\u00E9 isteach coincheap na bparaid\u00EDm\u00ED, gr\u00FApa coincheapanna gaolmhara a bh\u00EDonn in ioma\u00EDocht le ch\u00E9ile ag am athraithe thapa san eola\u00EDocht. In Cambridge, Massachusetts, a fuair s\u00E9 b\u00E1s ag an ailse."@ga , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (18. \u010Dervence 1922 \u2013 17. \u010Dervna 1996) byl americk\u00FD filosof, fyzik, teoretik v\u011Bdy a v\u011Bdeck\u00E9ho pozn\u00E1n\u00ED, zab\u00FDval se d\u011Bjinami v\u011Bdy, astronomi\u00ED, kvantovou teori\u00ED a jej\u00ED prehistori\u00ED. M\u011Bl velk\u00FD vliv v akademick\u00FDch ale i popul\u00E1rn\u00EDch kruz\u00EDch. Zavedl term\u00EDn \"paradigma\", kter\u00FD se od t\u00E9 doby stal hojn\u011B pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FDm idiomem."@cs , "\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u585E\u7F2A\u5C14\u00B7\u5E93\u6069\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AThomas Samuel Kuhn\uFF0C1922\u5E747\u670818\u65E5\uFF0D1996\u5E746\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u7269\u7406\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u79D1\u5B78\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u548C\u79D1\u5B66\u54F2\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4EE3\u8868\u4F5C\u4E3A\u300A\u54E5\u767D\u5C3C\u9769\u547D\u300B\u548C\u300A\u79D1\u5B66\u9769\u547D\u7684\u7ED3\u6784\u300B\u3002 \u5176\u6700\u6709\u540D\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u300A\u79D1\u5B66\u9769\u547D\u7684\u7ED3\u6784\u300B\uFF08The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\uFF0C1962\u5E74\uFF09\uFF0C\u70BA\u7576\u4EE3\u7684\u79D1\u5B78\u601D\u60F3\u7814\u7A76\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u4E00\u500B\u5EE3\u70BA\u4EBA\u77E5\u7684\u8A0E\u8AD6\u57FA\u790E\uFF1B\u4E0D\u8AD6\u662F\u8D0A\u6210\u6216\u662F\u6279\u8A55\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u53EF\u4EE5\u8AAA\u662F\u6700\u6709\u5F71\u97FF\u529B\u7684\u79D1\u5B78\u53F2\u53CA\u79D1\u5B78\u54F2\u5B78\u5BB6\uFF0C\u5176\u8457\u4F5C\u4E5F\u88AB\u5F15\u7528\u5230\u79D1\u5B78\u53F2\u4E4B\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ED6\u5EE3\u6CDB\u9818\u57DF\u4E2D\u3002\u7D10\u7D04\u6642\u5831\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5E93\u6069\u7684\u9019\u672C\u8457\u4F5C\uFF0C\u8B93\u7BC4\u5F0F\uFF08paradigm \uFF09\u9019\u500B\u8A5E\u5F59\u8B8A\u6210\u7576\u4EE3\u6700\u5E38\u51FA\u73FE\u7684\u8A5E\u5F59\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002"@zh , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 de julio de 1922-Cambridge, 17 de junio de 1996) fue un f\u00EDsico, fil\u00F3sofo de la ciencia e historiador estadounidense, conocido por su contribuci\u00F3n al cambio de orientaci\u00F3n de la filosof\u00EDa y la sociolog\u00EDa cient\u00EDfica en la d\u00E9cada de 1960. Kuhn se doctor\u00F3 en f\u00EDsica, en la Universidad Harvard en 1949 tuvo a su cargo un curso acad\u00E9mico sobre la Historia de la Ciencia en dicha universidad de 1948 a 1956. Luego de dejar el puesto, Kuhn dio clases en la Universidad de California, Berkeley hasta 1964, en la Universidad de Princeton hasta 1979 y en el Instituto Tecnol\u00F3gico de Massachusetts hasta 1991. En 1962, Kuhn public\u00F3 The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (La estructura de las revoluciones cient\u00EDficas), obra en la que expuso la evoluci\u00F3n de las ciencias naturales b\u00E1sicas de un modo que se diferenciaba de forma sustancial de la visi\u00F3n m\u00E1s generalizada hasta ese entonces. Seg\u00FAn Kuhn, las ciencias no progresan siguiendo un proceso uniforme por la aplicaci\u00F3n de un hipot\u00E9tico m\u00E9todo cient\u00EDfico. Se verifican, en cambio, dos fases diferentes de desarrollo cient\u00EDfico. En un primer momento, hay un amplio consenso en la comunidad cient\u00EDfica sobre c\u00F3mo explotar los avances conseguidos en el pasado ante los problemas existentes, cre\u00E1ndose as\u00ED soluciones universales que Kuhn llamaba \u00ABparadigma\u00BB. El t\u00E9rmino \u00ABparadigma\u00BB designa todos los compromisos compartidos por una comunidad de cient\u00EDficos. Por un lado, los te\u00F3ricos, ontol\u00F3gicos, y de creencias y, por otro, los que hacen referencia a la aplicaci\u00F3n de la teor\u00EDa y a los modelos de soluciones de problemas. Los paradigmas son, por tanto, algo m\u00E1s que un conjunto de axiomas (para aclarar su noci\u00F3n de paradigma Kuhn invoca a la noci\u00F3n wittgensteiniana de los \u00ABuniversos de discurso\u00BB) [cita requerida]. Tuvo algunas diferencias con Herbert Blumer principalmente por cuesti\u00F3n de ciencia y metodolog\u00EDas. Kuhn acepta el enfoque del interaccionismo simb\u00F3lico sobre actores y sus pensamientos al igual que sus acciones. La \u00FAltima etapa de su pensamiento est\u00E1 te\u00F1ida por un marcado darwinismo. Abandona casi por completo el discurso acerca de los paradigmas, y restringe el concepto de revoluci\u00F3n cient\u00EDfica al de un proceso de especiaci\u00F3n y especializaci\u00F3n por el cual una disciplina cient\u00EDfica va acotando los m\u00E1rgenes de su objeto de estudio, alej\u00E1ndose de los horizontes de otras especialidades. En este \u00FAltimo sentido, como una forma de holismo restringido que afecta las distintas ramas del desarrollo cient\u00EDfico, reaparece el concepto de inconmensurabilidad te\u00F3rica, el \u00FAnico que Kuhn parece haber mantenido inc\u00F3lume hasta el final de sus d\u00EDas."@es , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (/\u02C8ku\u02D0n/; 18 Juli 1922 \u2013 17 Juni 1996) adalah seorang filsuf, fisikawan, dan sejarawan Amerika Serikat yang menulis buku The Structure of Scientific Revolutions pada tahun 1962 yang sangat berpengaruh dalam dunia akademik. Buku tersebut memperkenalkan istilah \"pergeseran paradigma\". Kuhn membuat beberapa klaim mengenai perkembangan : \n* Sains mengalami pergeseran paradigma dan tidak bergerak dalam jalur yang linear. \n* Pergeseran paradigma membuka pendekatan baru untuk memahami apa yang tidak akan dianggap benar sebelumnya. \n* Gagasan kebenaran ilmiah tidak hanya melalui ditetapkan kriteria objektif tetapi juga konsensus komunitas ilmiah. Paradigma-paradigma yang saling bertentangan tersebut juga sering kali , atau dalam kata lain paradigma-paradigma tersebut merupakan penjelasan mengenai realitas yang saling bertentangan dan tidak dapat diselaraskan. Kuhn juga berpandangan bahwa teori itu adalah relatif. Bukan berarti suatu teori diterima banyak orang lantas teori itu paling benar. Teori juga tidak bisa disalahkan. Ia adalah hasil pandangan dan kemampuan pengukuran pada waktu itu. Contohnya adalah tentang perdebatan bahwa bumilah yang mengelilingi matahari yang diterima banyak kalangan saat ini dibandingkan teori matahari yang mengelilingi bumi. Bisa saja karena kemampuan pengukuran kita pada masa datang, teori matahari mengelilingi bumi tidak salah jika yang dimaksud bumi adalah galaksi kita. Bisa saja jika kemampuan pengukuran pada masa datang berkembang, teori itu tidak salah total, di mana bumi adalah galaksi kita yang ternyata dikelilingi atau diputari oleh galaksi lain di alam semesta. Kuhn menyumbangkan penafsiran pada dunia sains dan filsafat sains bahwa Revolusi Copernican merupakan suatu peristiwa radikal dalam dunia sains karena mengubah secara drastis metode spekulatif sains menjadi metode empiris/eksperimental/observasi."@in , "\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30B5\u30DF\u30E5\u30A8\u30EB\u30FB\u30AF\u30FC\u30F3\uFF08Thomas Samuel Kuhn\u30011922\u5E747\u670818\u65E5 - 1996\u5E746\u670817\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u54F2\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u5C02\u9580\u306F\u79D1\u5B66\u53F2\u53CA\u3073\u79D1\u5B66\u54F2\u5B66\u3002\u90A6\u8A33\u8457\u4F5C\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u540D\u524D\u306E\u8868\u8A18\u306F\u3044\u305A\u308C\u3082\u300C\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30AF\u30FC\u30F3\u300D\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u5834\u5408\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300C\u30C8\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30AF\u30FC\u30F3\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 de julho de 1922 \u2014 Cambridge, 17 de junho de 1996) foi um f\u00EDsico, historiador e fil\u00F3sofo da ci\u00EAncia estadunidense. Seu trabalho incidiu sobre hist\u00F3ria da ci\u00EAncia e filosofia da ci\u00EAncia, tornando-se um marco no estudo do processo que leva ao desenvolvimento cient\u00EDfico."@pt , "\u0422\u043E\u0301\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u0435\u0301\u043C\u044E\u0435\u043B \u041A\u0443\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thomas Samuel Kuhn; *18 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1922 \u2014 \u202017 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1996) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444 \u0456 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u041D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E-\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0439, \u041A\u0443\u043D \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u043A\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044F\u043A \u0454\u0434\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0436\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438."@uk , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922ko uztailaren 18a \u2013 1996ko ekainaren 17a) AEBetako pentsalaria izan zen, zientziaren filosofian ekarpen garrantzitsuak egin zituena. Ezaguna da (Iraultza Zientifikoen Egitura) liburua idazteagatik, eta bertan paradigmaren aldaketa kontzeptua garatzeagatik. Liburu horretan, Kuhn-ek esaten zuen zientziak ez duela aurrera egiten ezagutza berriak metatuz, baizik eta noiz edo noiz iraultzak -edo paradigma aldaketak- edukiz. Prozesu bizkor horietan, alor jakin bateko azterketa zientifikoa errotik aldatzen da. Honek eragin handia izan zuen zientziak bere buruari buruz zeukan ikusmoldean."@eu , "\u0422\u043E\u0301\u043C\u0430\u0441 \u0421\u044D\u0301\u043C\u044E\u044D\u043B \u041A\u0443\u0301\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Thomas Samuel Kuhn; 18 \u0438\u044E\u043B\u044F 1922, \u0426\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u041E\u0433\u0430\u0439\u043E \u2014 17 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1996, \u041A\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436, \u041C\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0441) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u044D\u043D\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u044D\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041A\u0443\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438 XX \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044F, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E, \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u00AB\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0439\u00BB \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044E \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u0421\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E \u041A\u0443\u043D\u0443, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043A\u0430\u0447\u043A\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E, \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041B\u044E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043C\u044B, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u041D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0441\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043C."@ru , "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0626\u064A\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Thomas Samuel Kuhn)\u200F \u0623\u0648 (\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646) (18 \u062A\u0645\u0648\u0632 1922 - 17 \u062D\u0632\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0646 1996) \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0623\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0628\u063A\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0646\u062D\u062F\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062A\u064A \u2013 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0648\u060C \u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0626\u064A\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u0627."@ar , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn, f\u00F6dd 18 juli 1922 i Cincinnati, Ohio, d\u00F6d 17 juni 1996 i Cambridge, Massachusetts, var en amerikansk professor, vetenskapsteoretiker och f\u00F6rfattare till m\u00E5nga verk inom id\u00E9- och l\u00E4rdomshistoria. Kuhn avlade doktorsexamen i fysik vid Harvard University 1949 och undervisade sedan i vetenskapshistoria vid detta universitet mellan 1948 och 1956. D\u00E4refter undervisade Kuhn vid, i tur och ordning, University of California, Berkeley, Princeton University och Massachusetts Institute of Technology, till dess han pensionerade sig 1991. Mest k\u00E4nd \u00E4r Kuhn f\u00F6r sin bok De vetenskapliga revolutionernas struktur, i vilken han l\u00E4gger fram id\u00E9n att vetenskapen genomg\u00E5r en stegvis utveckling d\u00E4r en fas utg\u00F6rs av vetenskapsteoretiska revolutioner, av Kuhn kallade paradigmskiften, en id\u00E9 som liknar Gaston Bachelards teori om epistemologisk brytning (coupure \u00E9pist\u00E9mologique), men utvecklades parallellt. Mot dessa revolutioner st\u00E5r den s\u00E5 kallade normalvetenskapen, som betecknar den fas n\u00E4r inga st\u00F6rre f\u00F6r\u00E4ndringar sker, d\u00E5 vetenskapen h\u00E5ller sig inom paradigmet. Enligt Kuhn f\u00F6reg\u00E5s ett paradigmskifte alltid av en vetenskaplig kris, som till exempel kan utg\u00F6ras av anomalier som inte kan f\u00F6rklaras utifr\u00E5n paradigmet. Olika paradigm har olika metoder och olika uppfattningar om vad som betingar giltighet. Vad som slutligen avg\u00F6r vad som blir ett paradigmskifte \u00E4r bland annat grupptryck. Central i Kuhns begreppsv\u00E4rld \u00E4r \u00E4ven hans teori om inkommensurabilitet. Enligt Kuhn p\u00E5verkas perceptionen av paradigmet, och vad som mots\u00E4ger paradigmets giltighet m\u00E4rks d\u00E4rf\u00F6r inte av vetenskapsm\u00E4nnen; en observation kan s\u00E5ledes aldrig vara objektiv, opartisk eller utan f\u00F6rutfattade meningar. Boken fick enorm betydelse f\u00F6r all form av vetenskaplig forskning, och det blotta faktum att det idag \u00E4r vanligt att tala om paradigm g\u00E5r tillbaka till denna bok av Kuhn. Uttrycket vetenskaplig revolution \u00E4r dock inte myntat av Kuhn utan hade redan b\u00F6rjat anv\u00E4ndas bland vetenskapshistoriker n\u00E5gra \u00E5r tidigare; den \u00E4ldsta f\u00F6rekomsten i en boktitel h\u00E4rr\u00F6r fr\u00E5n 1954. Kuhn \u00E4r vid sidan av Karl Popper, Imre Lakatos och Paul Feyerabend en av de viktigaste vetenskapsteoretikerna under efterkrigstiden. Kuhn delar Poppers kritik av positivismen, men kritiserar bland annat Poppers vetenskapshistoriska \u00E5sk\u00E5dning och falsifikationism."@sv , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, Ohio, 18 de juliol del 1922 - Cambridge, Massachusetts, 17 de juny del 1996) va ser un epistem\u00F2leg dels Estats Units, popularment m\u00E9s conegut per encunyar el concepte de paradigma i els seus canvis en l'\u00E0mbit cient\u00EDfic."@ca , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (Cincinnati, 18 luglio 1922 \u2013 Cambridge, 17 giugno 1996) \u00E8 stato un fisico, storico e filosofo statunitense. Epistemologo, scrisse diversi saggi di storia della scienza, sviluppando alcune fondamentali nozioni di filosofia della scienza. Formul\u00F2 un'epistemologia alternativa a quella del falsificazionismo di Karl Popper, suo principale bersaglio polemico."@it , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (/ku\u02D0n/; July 18, 1922 \u2013 June 17, 1996) was an American philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift, which has since become an English-language idiom. Kuhn made several claims concerning the progress of scientific knowledge: that scientific fields undergo periodic \"paradigm shifts\" rather than solely progressing in a linear and continuous way, and that these paradigm shifts open up new approaches to understanding what scientists would never have considered valid before; and that the notion of scientific truth, at any given moment, cannot be established solely by objective criteria but is defined by a consensus of a scientific community. Competing paradigms are frequently incommensurable; that is, they are competing and irreconcilable accounts of reality. Thus, our comprehension of science can never rely wholly upon \"objectivity\" alone. Science must account for subjective perspectives as well, since all objective conclusions are ultimately founded upon the subjective conditioning/worldview of its researchers and participants."@en , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (ur. 18 lipca 1922 w Cincinnati, zm. 17 czerwca 1996 w Cambridge) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski fizyk, historyk i filozof nauki, tw\u00F3rca poj\u0119cia paradygmatu naukowego."@pl , "\u039F \u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u039A\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD (Thomas Kuhn), \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03AD\u03B1\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 20\u03BF\u03CD \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1. \u0393\u03B5\u03BD\u03BD\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u039F\u03C7\u03AC\u03B9\u03BF \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03A0\u0391 \u03C4\u03BF 1922 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03AD\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF 1996 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u039C\u03B1\u03C3\u03B1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7. \u03A3\u03C0\u03BF\u03CD\u03B4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03BC\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A0\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A7\u03AC\u03C1\u03B2\u03B1\u03C1\u03BD\u03C4, \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03C7\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03B4\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 1946 \u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03BA\u03BB\u03AE\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03B4\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE."@el , "Thomas KUHN (1922-1996) estis usona filozofo, Filozofo de scienco, kaj historiisto de moderna scienco. Li estis profesoro kiu instruis \u0109e Berkeley (1956-64), Universitato Princeton (1964-79) kaj MIT. Sed lia \u0109efa verko, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (\"La strukturo de sciencaj revolucioj\"), li verkis \u011Din kiam li ankora\u016D estis studento de fiziko en Harvard kiam li studis pri Koperniko kaj Aristotelo. Strukturo unufoje estis monografo, sed poste en 1962 \u011Di estis eldonita kiel libro. Kuhn estis grava persono en la filozofio de scienco, ka\u016Dzante movigon for de pozivismo kaj la teorioj de Karl Popper."@eo , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (* 18. Juli 1922 in Cincinnati, Ohio; \u2020 17. Juni 1996 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker, Wissenschaftsphilosoph und Wissenschaftshistoriker. Er geh\u00F6rt zu den bedeutendsten Wissenschaftstheoretikern des 20. Jahrhunderts. In seinem Hauptwerk The Structure of Scientific Revolutions beschreibt Kuhn die Wissenschaft als eine Folge von Phasen der Normalwissenschaft, unterbrochen von wissenschaftlichen Revolutionen. Ein zentrales Konzept ist hierbei das Paradigma; ein Paradigmenwechsel sei eine wissenschaftliche Revolution. Das Verh\u00E4ltnis von Paradigmen, zwischen denen eine Revolution liegt, bezeichnet Kuhn als inkommensurabel, was hier bedeutet: nicht mit dem gleichen (begrifflichen) Ma\u00DF messbar."@de , "Thomas Samuel Kuhn, n\u00E9 le 18 juillet 1922 \u00E0 Cincinnati, dans l'Ohio et mort le 17 juin 1996 \u00E0 Cambridge, dans le Massachusetts, est un philosophe des sciences et historien des sciences am\u00E9ricain. Il s\u2019est principalement int\u00E9ress\u00E9 aux structures et \u00E0 la dynamique des groupes scientifiques \u00E0 travers l\u2019histoire des sciences. Il est le promoteur d'une interpr\u00E9tation de l'histoire des sciences selon laquelle le d\u00E9veloppement historique des th\u00E9ories est discontinu ; pour rendre compte de ce processus il reprend, \u00E0 Alexandre Koyr\u00E9 notamment, le concept de r\u00E9volution scientifique et introduit celui, devenu classique, de (en) (paradigm shift en anglais)."@fr , "\uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uC0C8\uBBA4\uC5BC \uCFE4(Thomas Samuel Kuhn, 1922\uB144 7\uC6D4 18\uC77C - 1996\uB144 6\uC6D4 17\uC77C)\uC740 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uC0AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uACFC\uD559\uCCA0\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \u300A\uACFC\uD559 \uD601\uBA85\uC758 \uAD6C\uC870\u300B\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uCCA0\uD559, \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559, \uC0AC\uD68C\uD559 \uB4F1 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uBD84\uC57C\uB97C \uC12D\uB835\uD558\uC5EC \uACFC\uD559\uCCA0\uD559\uC5D0 \uD070 \uC5C5\uC801\uC744 \uB0A8\uAE30\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74 \uACFC\uD559\uC758 \uBC1C\uC804\uC740 \uC810\uC9C4\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C0\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C \uD328\uB7EC\uB2E4\uC784\uC758 \uC804\uD658\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uD601\uBA85\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4\uC9C0\uBA70 \uC774 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C '\uACFC\uD559\uD601\uBA85'\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD88\uB800\uB2E4."@ko ; dbp:institutions dbr:Harvard_University ; dbp:notableIdeas "Normal science"@en , "Paradigm shift"@en , "Incommensurability"@en , "Kuhn loss"@en , "Transcendental nominalism"@en , ""@en ; dbo:era ; dbo:notableIdea dbr:Transcendental_nominalism , dbr:Paradigm_shift , , dbr:Normal_science . @prefix gold: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn gold:hypernym dbr:Physicist ; schema:sameAs . @prefix ns62: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn dbp:wordnet_type ns62:synset-philosopher-noun-1 . @prefix prov: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn prov:wasDerivedFrom ; dbo:wikiPageLength "32128"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; dbo:birthYear "1922"^^xsd:gYear ; dbo:deathYear "1996"^^xsd:gYear ; dbo:influenced dbr:Imre_Lakatos , dbr:Jacques_Ellul , , dbr:Philip_Kitcher , dbr:Paul_Feyerabend ; dbo:influencedBy dbr:Ludwik_Fleck , dbr:Michael_Polanyi , dbr:Norwood_Russell_Hanson , , , dbr:Anneliese_Maier , dbr:Herbert_Butterfield , dbr:Karl_Popper , dbr:John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck , dbr:Immanuel_Kant , , dbr:Jean_Piaget , dbr:Ludwig_Wittgenstein ; dbo:mainInterest dbr:Philosophy_of_science , dbr:History_of_science ; dbo:philosophicalSchool dbr:Analytic_philosophy , dbr:Historical_turn , dbr:Historiographical_externalism ; dbo:region dbr:American_philosophy , dbr:Western_philosophy . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:Thomas_Kuhn foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Thomas_Kuhn .