. . . . . . "1954-09-18"^^ . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montreal, 18 de septiembre de 1954) es un psic\u00F3logo experimental, cient\u00EDfico cognitivo, ling\u00FCista y escritor canadiense. Es profesor en el Harvard College y titular del \u201CJohnstone Family Professorship\u201D en el Departamento de Psicolog\u00EDa de la Universidad de Harvard. Es conocido por su defensa en\u00E9rgica y de gran alcance de la psicolog\u00EDa evolucionista y de la teor\u00EDa computacional de la mente. Sus especializaciones acad\u00E9micas son la percepci\u00F3n y el desarrollo del lenguaje en ni\u00F1os; es conocido por argumentar que el lenguaje es un \"instinto\" o una adaptaci\u00F3n biol\u00F3gica modelada por la selecci\u00F3n natural. Sus cuatro libros dirigidos al p\u00FAblico en general \u2014El instinto del lenguaje, C\u00F3mo funciona la mente, Palabras y reglas y La tabla rasa\u2014 han ganado numerosos premios y le han "@es . . . . "Steven Pinker"@nl . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (1954ko irailaren 18a) kanadar-estatubatuar psikologo kognitibo, psikolinguista, dibulgazio -egile eta intelektual publikoa da. Psikologia ebolutiboaren eta adimenaren teoria konputazionalaren defendatzailea da. Harvard Unibertsitatean ikasi zuen eta bertan urtetan ibili da irakasle."@eu . . . . . "1954"^^ . . "Steven Pinker"@de . . "Steven Pinker"@eo . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, psycholinguist, popular science author and public intellectual. He is an advocate of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind. Pinker is the Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, and his academic specializations are visual cognition and developmental linguistics. His experimental subjects include mental imagery, shape recognition, visual attention, children's language development, regular and irregular phenomena in language, the neural bases of words and grammar, as well as the psychology of cooperation and communication, including euphemism, innuendo, emotional expression, and common knowledge. He has written two technical books that proposed a general theory of language acquisition and applied it to children's learning of verbs. In particular, his work with Alan Prince published in 1989 critiqued the connectionist model of how children acquire the past tense of English verbs, positing that children use default rules, such as adding -ed to make regular forms, sometimes in error, but are obliged to learn irregular forms one by one. Pinker is the author of nine books for general audiences. The Language Instinct (1994), How the Mind Works (1997), Words and Rules (2000), The Blank Slate (2002), and The Stuff of Thought (2007) describe aspects of psycholinguistics and cognitive science, and include accounts of his own research, positing that language is an innate behavior shaped by natural selection and adapted to our communication needs. Pinker's The Sense of Style (2014) is a general language-oriented style guide. Pinker's book The Better Angels of Our Nature (2011) posits that violence in human societies has generally declined over time, and identifies six major trends and five historical forces of this decline, the most important being the humanitarian revolution brought by the Enlightenment and its associated cultivation of reason. Enlightenment Now (2018) elaborates this argument by using social science data to show a general improvement of the human condition over recent history brought by reason, science and humanism. The nature and importance of reason is further explored in his next book Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters (2021). In 2004, Pinker was named in Time's \"The 100 Most Influential People in the World Today\", and in the years 2005, 2008, 2010, and 2011 in Foreign Policy's list of \"Top 100 Global Thinkers\". Pinker was also included in Prospect Magazine's top 10 \"World Thinkers\" in 2013. He has won awards from the American Psychological Association, the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Institution, the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, and the American Humanist Association. He delivered the Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh in 2013. He has served on the editorial boards of a variety of journals, and on the advisory boards of several institutions. Pinker was the chair of the Usage Panel of the American Heritage Dictionary from 2008 to 2018."@en . . "1980"^^ . . . . . "Enlightenment Now"@en . . . . . . "1995"^^ . . "Steven Pinker"@es . "1992"^^ . "Steven Pinker"@ca . "Steven Arthur Pinker, f\u00F6dd 18 september 1954 i Montr\u00E9al, \u00E4r en kanadensisk forskare verksam inom omr\u00E5dena , kognitionsvetenskap, spr\u00E5kvetenskap samt visuell kognition. Han har dessutom skrivit ett flertal k\u00E4nda popul\u00E4rvetenskapliga b\u00F6cker. Han \u00E4r professor vid Institutionen f\u00F6r psykologi, Harvard University, och \u00E4r k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sitt f\u00F6respr\u00E5kande f\u00F6r evolutionspsykologi och computational theory of mind. Pinkers akademiska specialiseringar \u00E4r visuell kognition och psykolingvistik. Hans experimentella \u00E4mnen inkluderar mentala bilder, igenk\u00E4nning av f\u00F6rem\u00E5l, visuell uppm\u00E4rksamhet, barnets spr\u00E5kutveckling, regelbundna och oregelbundna spr\u00E5kfenomen, den neurala grunden till ord och grammatik, samt psykologin underliggande (\"innuendo\") och eufemismer. Han har publicerat tv\u00E5 fackb\u00F6cker i vilka han framl\u00E4gger en allm\u00E4n teori om spr\u00E5kutveckling, och har applicerat teorin till barns f\u00F6rv\u00E4rv av verb. I de popul\u00E4rvetenskapliga b\u00F6ckerna argumenterar han f\u00F6r att spr\u00E5k \u00E4r en \"instinkt\" eller biologisk anpassning som har formats genom naturligt urval. Han har skrivit sju popul\u00E4rvetenskapliga b\u00F6cker: The Language Instinct (1994), How the Mind Works (1997), Words and Rules (2000), Ett oskrivet blad (The Blank Slate) (2002), The Stuff of Thought (2007), (2011) och (2018)."@sv . . "2006"^^ . "Steven Arthur Pinker (lahir 18 September 1954) adalah seorang ahli bahasa, psikolog, dan ilmuwan di bidang kognitif. Ia juga dikenal sebagai penulis buku sains populer seperti \"How the Mind Works\", \"The Blank Slate\" dan \"The Better Angels of Our Nature\" dan aktif sebagai penulis di majalah New York Times, Time dan ."@in . "2007"^^ . . . . . . . "\uC2A4\uD2F0\uBE10 \uD551\uCEE4"@ko . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (* 18. z\u00E1\u0159\u00ED 1954) je kanadsko-americk\u00FD , kognitivn\u00ED v\u011Bdec, lingvista a autor popul\u00E1rn\u011B-nau\u010Dn\u00E9 literatury. Je profesorem na Harvardov\u011B univerzit\u011B a je zn\u00E1m\u00FD obhajobou evolu\u010Dn\u00ED psychologie a komputa\u010Dn\u00ED teorie mysli. Specializuje se na vizu\u00E1ln\u00ED vn\u00EDm\u00E1n\u00ED a psycholingvistiku. Prov\u00E1d\u011Bl nap\u0159. experimenty s p\u0159edstavivost\u00ED, rozpozn\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00EDm tvar\u016F, v\u00FDvojem \u0159e\u010Di u d\u011Bt\u00ED nebo psychologi\u00ED eufemismu. Napsal dv\u011B odborn\u00E9 knihy, ve kter\u00FDch navrhl teorii osvojov\u00E1n\u00ED si \u0159e\u010Di a aplikoval ji na u\u010Den\u00ED se sloves u d\u011Bt\u00ED. Ve sv\u00FDch m\u00E9n\u011B v\u011Bdeck\u00FDch knih\u00E1ch p\u00ED\u0161e, \u017Ee jazyk je \u201Einstinkt\u201C nebo biologick\u00E1 adaptace ovl\u00E1dan\u00E1 p\u0159irozen\u00FDm v\u00FDb\u011Brem. V tomto bod\u011B oponuje Noamovi Chomsk\u00E9mu a ostatn\u00EDm, kte\u0159\u00ED pova\u017Euj\u00ED lidskou \u0159e\u010D za vedlej\u0161\u00ED produkt jin\u00FDch adaptac\u00ED. V knize \u201ELep\u0161\u00ED and\u011Bl\u00E9 na\u0161\u00ED p\u0159irozenosti\u201C sleduje trendy ve v\u00FDvoji lidstva jako sni\u017Eov\u00E1n\u00ED n\u00E1sil\u00ED, dokl\u00E1d\u00E1 to mno\u017Estv\u00EDm statistick\u00FDch \u00FAdaj\u016F a nab\u00EDz\u00ED evolucionistick\u00E9 vysv\u011Btlen\u00ED."@cs . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, psycholinguist, popular science author and public intellectual. He is an advocate of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (* 18. z\u00E1\u0159\u00ED 1954) je kanadsko-americk\u00FD , kognitivn\u00ED v\u011Bdec, lingvista a autor popul\u00E1rn\u011B-nau\u010Dn\u00E9 literatury. Je profesorem na Harvardov\u011B univerzit\u011B a je zn\u00E1m\u00FD obhajobou evolu\u010Dn\u00ED psychologie a komputa\u010Dn\u00ED teorie mysli. V knize \u201ELep\u0161\u00ED and\u011Bl\u00E9 na\u0161\u00ED p\u0159irozenosti\u201C sleduje trendy ve v\u00FDvoji lidstva jako sni\u017Eov\u00E1n\u00ED n\u00E1sil\u00ED, dokl\u00E1d\u00E1 to mno\u017Estv\u00EDm statistick\u00FDch \u00FAdaj\u016F a nab\u00EDz\u00ED evolucionistick\u00E9 vysv\u011Btlen\u00ED."@cs . . . . . . "Steven Arthur \"Steve\" PINKER (naski\u011Dis la 18-a de septembro, 1954 en Montrealo, Kebekio, Kanado) estas kanada-usona kognosciencisto, psikologo kaj verkisto de sciencaj libroj. Li verkis plurajn influajn librojn: The Language Instinct (La lingva instinkto), How the Mind Works (Kiel funkcias la menso), Words and Rules (Vortoj kaj reguloj), The Blank Slate (La blanka ardezotabulo), kaj The Stuff of Thought (La a\u0135oj de penso). Liaj libroj gajnis multajn premiojn."@eo . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker, f\u00F6dd 18 september 1954 i Montr\u00E9al, \u00E4r en kanadensisk forskare verksam inom omr\u00E5dena , kognitionsvetenskap, spr\u00E5kvetenskap samt visuell kognition. Han har dessutom skrivit ett flertal k\u00E4nda popul\u00E4rvetenskapliga b\u00F6cker. Han \u00E4r professor vid Institutionen f\u00F6r psykologi, Harvard University, och \u00E4r k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sitt f\u00F6respr\u00E5kande f\u00F6r evolutionspsykologi och computational theory of mind."@sv . "Steven Pinker"@en . . . . "\u0421\u0442\u0456\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043D \u041F\u0456\u0301\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Steven Pinker, \u043D\u0430\u0440. 18 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043D\u044F 1954, \u041C\u043E\u043D\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C, \u041A\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043A) \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E-\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E\u0454 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A, \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044C \u0437 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u041F\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043F\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u00AB\u043E\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0443\u00BB. \u0410\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u041F\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u043E\u044E \u0454 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u041F\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043E, \u0454 \u00AB\u0456\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043C\u00BB \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043F\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044E, \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C."@uk . . "\uC2A4\uD2F0\uBE10 \uD551\uCEE4(Steven Pinker, 1954\uB144 9\uC6D4 18\uC77C ~, \uBAAC\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC62C \uCD9C\uC0DD)\uB294 \uCE90\uB098\uB2E4\uC758 \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uBA87 \uAD8C\uC758 \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uB300\uC911 \uACFC\uD559\uC11C\uC758 \uC800\uC790\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. 2003\uB144\uBD80\uD130 \uD558\uBC84\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0 \uC18C\uC18D\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uADF8 \uC774\uC804\uC5D0\uB294 21\uB144\uAC04 MIT\uC758 \uB1CC\uC778\uC9C0\uACFC\uD559\uACFC\uC758 \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1976\uB144 \uB9E5\uAE38 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559 \uD559\uC0AC\uB97C, 1979\uB144 \uD558\uBC84\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uBD84\uC57C\uC758 \uBC15\uC0AC \uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uD551\uCEE4\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC640 \uC778\uC9C0\uACFC\uD559\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uD559\uC220 \uB17C\uBB38\uC5D0\uC11C \uB300\uC911\uC744 \uB300\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C\uD55C \uB300\uC911 \uACFC\uD559\uC11C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC218\uC900\uC758 \uAE00\uC744 \uBC1C\uD45C\uD588\uB2E4. \uD551\uCEE4\uB294 \uC544\uC774\uB4E4\uC774 \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC2B5\uB4DD\uD558\uB294\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC640 \uB178\uC554 \uCD18\uC2A4\uD0A4\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uC774\uB860\uC744 \uBC1C\uC804\uC2DC\uD0A8 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uC800\uC11C \u300A\uBE48 \uC11C\uD310(The Blank Slate)\u300B\uC740 2004\uB144 \uD4F0\uB9AC\uCC98\uC0C1 \uACFC\uD559\uBD80\uBB38 \uCD5C\uC885 \uD6C4\uBCF4\uC791\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uBA70, 2004\uB144 \uD0C0\uC784\uC9C0\uB294 \uADF8\uB97C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC788\uB294 100\uC778\uC5D0 \uD3EC\uD568\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uC800\uC11C \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370 \u300A\uC5B8\uC5B4 \uBCF8\uB2A5\u300B, \u300A\uB9C8\uC74C\uC740 \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC791\uB3D9\uD558\uB294\uAC00\u300B, \u300A\uBE48 \uC11C\uD310\u300B, \u300A\uC6B0\uB9AC \uBCF8\uC131\uC758 \uC120\uD55C \uCC9C\uC0AC\u300B\uAC00 \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB85C \uBC88\uC5ED \uCD9C\uAC04\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montreal, 18 september 1954) is een Canadees-Amerikaans taalkundige, experimenteel psycholoog en schrijver van wetenschappelijke boeken voor een breed publiek. Hij is bekend om zijn idee\u00EBn op het gebied van de cognitiewetenschap. De basis van zijn werk is de evolutionaire psychologie en de overtuiging dat het brein in zijn werking vergelijkbaar is met de computer (de computationele theorie van de geest). Pinker begon in 2003 met lesgeven aan de Harvard University in de Verenigde Staten. Hij was van 1989 tot en met 2003 al hoogleraar aan het Massachusetts Institute of Technology."@nl . . . . . . "\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043D \u041F\u0438\u0301\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Steven Pinker; \u0440\u043E\u0434. 18 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1954, \u041C\u043E\u043D\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C) \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E-\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A. \u041F\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0430. \u0410\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u041F\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043D\u043E \u043E\u043D \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043E \u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A, \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043C\u044B \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043C, \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u00AB\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043C\u00BB \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043F\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0442\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C. \u0427\u043B\u0435\u043D \u041D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A \u0421\u0428\u0410 (2016)."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Montreal, Quebec, Canada"@en . . . . . . "44340"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Pinker"@pl . . . . . "The Language Instinct"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u65AF\u8482\u82AC\u00B7\u4E9E\u745F\u00B7\u5E73\u514B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASteven Arthur Pinker\uFF1B1954\u5E749\u670818\u65E5\uFF0D\uFF09\uFF0C\u5BE6\u9A57\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u8A8D\u77E5\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u548C\u79D1\u666E\u4F5C\u5BB6\u3002\u5E73\u514B\u5EE3\u6CDB\u5BA3\u50B3\u6F14\u5316\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u548C\u7684\u5FC3\u614B\u800C\u805E\u540D\u65BC\u4E16\u30021976\u5E74\u7562\u696D\u65BC\u9EA5\u57FA\u723E\u5927\u5B78\uFF0C1979\u5E74\u7A6B\u54C8\u4F5B\u5927\u5B78\u535A\u58EB\u5B78\u4F4D\uFF0C\u5C08\u653B\u5BE6\u9A57\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u3002\u5728\u53F2\u4E39\u4F5B\u4F5C\u5B8C\u4E00\u5E74\u7814\u7A76\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5230\u9EBB\u7701\u7406\u5DE5\u5B78\u9662\u4EFB\u6559\u3002 \u5E73\u514B\u7684\u5B78\u8853\u5C08\u696D\u662F\u8996\u89BA\u8A8D\u77E5\u53CA\u5B69\u5B50\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u767C\u5C55\uFF0C\u4ED6\u6709\u540D\u65BC\u628A\u8A9E\u8A00\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u300C\u672C\u80FD\u300D\u6216\u7531\u81EA\u7136\u9078\u64C7\u4F5C\u751F\u7269\u9069\u61C9\u5F62\u6210\u9019\u4E9B\u4E3B\u5F35\u666E\u53CA\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4E00\u9EDE\u4E0A\uFF0C\u4ED6\u53CD\u5C0D\u55AC\u59C6\u65AF\u57FA\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u8996\u8A9E\u8A00\u80FD\u529B\u70BA\u5176\u4ED6\u4FEE\u6539\u7522\u54C1\u7684\u4EBA\u3002\u5E73\u514B\u8457\u6709\u300A\u8A9E\u8A00\u672C\u80FD\u300B\u3001\u300A\u300B\u7B49\u3002\u4ED6\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u5DF2\u7D93\u8D0F\u5F97\u4E86\u7121\u6578\u734E\u9805\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u662F\u300A\u7D10\u7D04\u6642\u5831\u300B\u7684\u66A2\u92B7\u66F8\u3002"@zh . "\u65AF\u8482\u82AC\u00B7\u5E73\u514B"@zh . . . . . "\u30B9\u30C6\u30A3\u30FC\u30D6\u30F3\u30FB\u30D4\u30F3\u30AB\u30FC"@ja . "\u0421\u0442\u0456\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043D \u041F\u0456\u0301\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Steven Pinker, \u043D\u0430\u0440. 18 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043D\u044F 1954, \u041C\u043E\u043D\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C, \u041A\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043A) \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E-\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044E\u0454 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A, \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044C \u0437 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u041F\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u043A \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043F\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u00AB\u043E\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0443\u00BB. \u0410\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u041F\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u043E\u044E \u0454 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u041F\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043E, \u0454 \u00AB\u0456\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043C\u00BB \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043F\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044E, \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0434\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C."@uk . "\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0641\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u062B\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Steven Arthur Pinker)\u200F (\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u062F 18 \u0623\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A (\u0625\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A) \u064A\u062D\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0633\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064A \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u062A\u062E\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062A \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A. \u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u060C \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062A\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062A\u0644\u0637\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0644\u0645\u064A\u062D\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u062F \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064A \u0644\u0643\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u064A\u063A\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0642\u062A\u0631\u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062F\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064A\u062C\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 (ed) \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062A\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u062A\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062A\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u062A\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0632\u064A \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064A \u062A\u0634\u0643\u064E\u0651\u0644\u064E \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0650\u0646\u064E\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062D\u0627\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627. \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062F\u064A. \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064A: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062F \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0643\u064A\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060C \u062A\u0635\u0641\u064F \u0643\u062A\u0628\u0647 \u062C\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062D\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062D\u0627\u062B\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062F\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062A\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0633\u062A\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0627\u0636. \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062F\u0644\u064A\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u062D\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060C \u064A\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u064A\u062D\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062D\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064A\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u062A\u062A\u0633\u0645\u064F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062D\u064E \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u064A\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0637\u0631\u062D\u0647\u064F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 (\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0631 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062F\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u062D\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B. \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u062D\u062F \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0641\u0627\u0632\u064E \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0651\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0648\u062C\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062A \u062C\u064A\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062F \u0641\u064A \u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062F\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0644\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062F. \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639."@ar . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montreal, 18 de setembro de 1954) \u00E9 um psic\u00F3logo e linguista canadense naturalizado norte-americano. Ele \u00E9 professor da Universidade Harvard e escritor de livros de divulga\u00E7\u00E3o cient\u00EDfica. Durante 21 anos Pinker foi professor no Departamento do C\u00E9rebro e Ci\u00EAncias Cognitivas do Massachusetts Institute of Technology antes de regressar a Harvard em 2003. Pinker completou o bacharelado em Psicologia da Universidade McGill no ano 1976, e doutorado em Psicologia Experimental pela Universidade de Harvard em 1979. Pinker escreve sobre a linguagem e as ci\u00EAncias cognitivas em v\u00E1rios n\u00EDveis, desde artigos especializados at\u00E9 publica\u00E7\u00F5es de divulga\u00E7\u00E3o cient\u00EDfica. Ele \u00E9 mais bem conhecido pela sua pesquisa da aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o da fala e pelo seu trabalho sobre as no\u00E7\u00F5es de desenvolvimento inato da linguagem iniciadas por Noam Chomsky. No entanto, ao contr\u00E1rio de Chomsky, Pinker considera a linguagem uma adapta\u00E7\u00E3o evolutiva. Pinker \u00E9 especializado em percep\u00E7\u00E3o visual e psicolingu\u00EDstica. Os temas de seus estudos abarcam imagens mentais, reconhecimento de formas, aten\u00E7\u00E3o visual, desenvolvimento de linguagem infantil, fen\u00F4menos regulares e irregulares da linguagem, bases neurais de palavras e gram\u00E1tica e psicologia da comunica\u00E7\u00E3o, incluindo o estudo sobre eufemismos, insinua\u00E7\u00F5es, express\u00F5es emocionais e conhecimento. Ele escreveu dois livros t\u00E9cnicos que propuseram uma teoria geral da aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o de linguagem e aplica\u00E7\u00E3o ao aprendizado de verbos. Em particular, seu trabalho com Alan Prince, publicado em 1989, criticou o modelo conexionista de como as crian\u00E7as adquirem o pret\u00E9rito dos verbos ingleses, argumentando que as crian\u00E7as usam regras padr\u00E3o como adicionar a s\u00EDlaba \"-ed\" para compor verbos regulares. Em seus best-sellers, ele argumenta que a faculdade humana para a linguagem \u00E9 um instinto, um comportamento inato moldado pela sele\u00E7\u00E3o natural e adaptado \u00E0s nossas necessidades de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o. Ele \u00E9 autor de oito livros para uma audi\u00EAncia geral. Cinco deles, The Language Instinct (1994), Como a Mente Funciona (1997), (2000), (2002) e The Stuff of Thought: Language As a Window Into Human Nature (2007), descrevem aspectos dos campos da psicolingu\u00EDstica e da ci\u00EAncia cognitiva, e incluem relatos de sua pr\u00F3pria pesquisa. No sexto livro, Os anjos bons da nossa natureza (2011), Pinker afirma que a viol\u00EAncia nas sociedades humanas, em geral, declinou com o tempo e identifica as seis principais causas desse decl\u00EDnio. Seus livros Como a Mente Funciona e Tabula Rasa estiveram entre os finalistas para o Pr\u00EAmio Pulitzer. Em 2004, Pinker foi nomeado uma das 100 pessoas mais influentes pela Revista TIME. Ele tamb\u00E9m figurou na lista \"Top 100 Public Intellectuals\" da revista Foreign Policy."@pt . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (lahir 18 September 1954) adalah seorang ahli bahasa, psikolog, dan ilmuwan di bidang kognitif. Ia juga dikenal sebagai penulis buku sains populer seperti \"How the Mind Works\", \"The Blank Slate\" dan \"The Better Angels of Our Nature\" dan aktif sebagai penulis di majalah New York Times, Time dan ."@in . . "1123901883"^^ . . "1954-09-18"^^ . . "US"@en . . . . . . . . "--06-30"^^ . . . . . "Steven Pinker, n\u00E9 le 18 septembre 1954 \u00E0 Montr\u00E9al (Canada), est un linguiste et psychologue cognitiviste canado-am\u00E9ricain auteur d'ouvrages de vulgarisation \u00E0 succ\u00E8s. Il est particuli\u00E8rement connu pour \u00EAtre un ardent d\u00E9fenseur de la psychologie \u00E9volutionniste et de la th\u00E9orie computationnelle de l'esprit."@fr . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montreal, 18 de setembro de 1954) \u00E9 um psic\u00F3logo e linguista canadense naturalizado norte-americano. Ele \u00E9 professor da Universidade Harvard e escritor de livros de divulga\u00E7\u00E3o cient\u00EDfica. Durante 21 anos Pinker foi professor no Departamento do C\u00E9rebro e Ci\u00EAncias Cognitivas do Massachusetts Institute of Technology antes de regressar a Harvard em 2003. Pinker completou o bacharelado em Psicologia da Universidade McGill no ano 1976, e doutorado em Psicologia Experimental pela Universidade de Harvard em 1979. Pinker escreve sobre a linguagem e as ci\u00EAncias cognitivas em v\u00E1rios n\u00EDveis, desde artigos especializados at\u00E9 publica\u00E7\u00F5es de divulga\u00E7\u00E3o cient\u00EDfica. Ele \u00E9 mais bem conhecido pela sua pesquisa da aquisi\u00E7\u00E3o da fala e pelo seu trabalho sobre as no\u00E7\u00F5es de desenvolvimento i"@pt . . . . "Steven Arthur \"Steve\" PINKER (naski\u011Dis la 18-a de septembro, 1954 en Montrealo, Kebekio, Kanado) estas kanada-usona kognosciencisto, psikologo kaj verkisto de sciencaj libroj. Li verkis plurajn influajn librojn: The Language Instinct (La lingva instinkto), How the Mind Works (Kiel funkcias la menso), Words and Rules (Vortoj kaj reguloj), The Blank Slate (La blanka ardezotabulo), kaj The Stuff of Thought (La a\u0135oj de penso). Liaj libroj gajnis multajn premiojn."@eo . . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montreal, 18 de septiembre de 1954) es un psic\u00F3logo experimental, cient\u00EDfico cognitivo, ling\u00FCista y escritor canadiense. Es profesor en el Harvard College y titular del \u201CJohnstone Family Professorship\u201D en el Departamento de Psicolog\u00EDa de la Universidad de Harvard. Es conocido por su defensa en\u00E9rgica y de gran alcance de la psicolog\u00EDa evolucionista y de la teor\u00EDa computacional de la mente. Sus especializaciones acad\u00E9micas son la percepci\u00F3n y el desarrollo del lenguaje en ni\u00F1os; es conocido por argumentar que el lenguaje es un \"instinto\" o una adaptaci\u00F3n biol\u00F3gica modelada por la selecci\u00F3n natural. Sus cuatro libros dirigidos al p\u00FAblico en general \u2014El instinto del lenguaje, C\u00F3mo funciona la mente, Palabras y reglas y La tabla rasa\u2014 han ganado numerosos premios y le han dotado de renombre."@es . . . . . . . . "Steven Pinker"@fr . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Mont-real, Quebec, 18 de setembre del 1954) \u00E9s un psic\u00F2leg experimental, cient\u00EDfic cognitiu, ling\u00FCista i escriptor quebequ\u00E8s. \u00C9s professor del Harvard College i titular de la Johnstone Family Chair, del departament de psicologia de Harvard University. \u00C9s conegut per la defensa en\u00E8rgica que fa de la psicologia evolutiva i de la teoria computacional del cervell."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Harvard University"@en . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (1954ko irailaren 18a) kanadar-estatubatuar psikologo kognitibo, psikolinguista, dibulgazio -egile eta intelektual publikoa da. Psikologia ebolutiboaren eta adimenaren teoria konputazionalaren defendatzailea da. Harvard Unibertsitatean ikasi zuen eta bertan urtetan ibili da irakasle."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043D \u041F\u0438\u0301\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Steven Pinker; \u0440\u043E\u0434. 18 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1954, \u041C\u043E\u043D\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C) \u2014 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E-\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A. \u041F\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0430. \u0410\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u041F\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043D\u043E \u043E\u043D \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043E \u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A, \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043C\u044B \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043C, \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u00AB\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043C\u00BB \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043F\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0442\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C."@ru . "Steven Pinker"@it . . . . . "\u30B9\u30C6\u30A3\u30FC\u30D6\u30F3\u30FB\u30A2\u30FC\u30B5\u30FC\u30FB\u30D4\u30F3\u30AB\u30FC\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Steven Arthur Pinker\u30011954\u5E749\u670818\u65E5 - \uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30CA\u30C0\u30FB\u30E2\u30F3\u30C8\u30EA\u30AA\u30FC\u30EB\u751F\u307E\u308C\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u5FC3\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u8A8D\u77E5\u5FC3\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u30022009\u5E74\u73FE\u5728\u306F\u30CF\u30FC\u30D0\u30FC\u30C9\u5927\u5B66\u3067\u5FC3\u7406\u5B66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u8FD1\u5E74\u306F\u4EBA\u985E\u53F2\u30FB\u79D1\u5B66\u7684\u6839\u62E0\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u3044\u305F\u5553\u8499\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8AD6\u5BA2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2016-07-04"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . "Canada"@en . . . . "Steven Pinker, n\u00E9 le 18 septembre 1954 \u00E0 Montr\u00E9al (Canada), est un linguiste et psychologue cognitiviste canado-am\u00E9ricain auteur d'ouvrages de vulgarisation \u00E0 succ\u00E8s. Il est particuli\u00E8rement connu pour \u00EAtre un ardent d\u00E9fenseur de la psychologie \u00E9volutionniste et de la th\u00E9orie computationnelle de l'esprit."@fr . . . ""@en . . . . . "\u0421\u0442\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043D \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u041F\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440"@uk . . . . . "\u041F\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0435\u0440, \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043D"@ru . . "Steven Pinker"@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Pinker"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0641\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u062B\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Steven Arthur Pinker)\u200F (\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u062F 18 \u0623\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A (\u0625\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A) \u064A\u062D\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0633\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062A\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064A \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062C\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0643\u062A\u0628 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0642\u062F\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u062A\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0632\u064A \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064A \u062A\u0634\u0643\u064E\u0651\u0644\u064E \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0650\u0646\u064E\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062D\u0627\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ilavenil Subbiah"@en . . "\uC2A4\uD2F0\uBE10 \uD551\uCEE4(Steven Pinker, 1954\uB144 9\uC6D4 18\uC77C ~, \uBAAC\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC62C \uCD9C\uC0DD)\uB294 \uCE90\uB098\uB2E4\uC758 \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uBA87 \uAD8C\uC758 \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uB300\uC911 \uACFC\uD559\uC11C\uC758 \uC800\uC790\uB85C \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. 2003\uB144\uBD80\uD130 \uD558\uBC84\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0 \uC18C\uC18D\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uADF8 \uC774\uC804\uC5D0\uB294 21\uB144\uAC04 MIT\uC758 \uB1CC\uC778\uC9C0\uACFC\uD559\uACFC\uC758 \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1976\uB144 \uB9E5\uAE38 \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2EC\uB9AC\uD559 \uD559\uC0AC\uB97C, 1979\uB144 \uD558\uBC84\uB4DC \uB300\uD559\uAD50\uC5D0\uC11C \uBD84\uC57C\uC758 \uBC15\uC0AC \uD559\uC704\uB97C \uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uD551\uCEE4\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC640 \uC778\uC9C0\uACFC\uD559\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uD559\uC220 \uB17C\uBB38\uC5D0\uC11C \uB300\uC911\uC744 \uB300\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C\uD55C \uB300\uC911 \uACFC\uD559\uC11C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC218\uC900\uC758 \uAE00\uC744 \uBC1C\uD45C\uD588\uB2E4. \uD551\uCEE4\uB294 \uC544\uC774\uB4E4\uC774 \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC2B5\uB4DD\uD558\uB294\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC640 \uB178\uC554 \uCD18\uC2A4\uD0A4\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4 \uC774\uB860\uC744 \uBC1C\uC804\uC2DC\uD0A8 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uC800\uC11C \u300A\uBE48 \uC11C\uD310(The Blank Slate)\u300B\uC740 2004\uB144 \uD4F0\uB9AC\uCC98\uC0C1 \uACFC\uD559\uBD80\uBB38 \uCD5C\uC885 \uD6C4\uBCF4\uC791\uC774\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD558\uBA70, 2004\uB144 \uD0C0\uC784\uC9C0\uB294 \uADF8\uB97C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC788\uB294 100\uC778\uC5D0 \uD3EC\uD568\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uC800\uC11C \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370 \u300A\uC5B8\uC5B4 \uBCF8\uB2A5\u300B, \u300A\uB9C8\uC74C\uC740 \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC791\uB3D9\uD558\uB294\uAC00\u300B, \u300A\uBE48 \uC11C\uD310\u300B, \u300A\uC6B0\uB9AC \uBCF8\uC131\uC758 \uC120\uD55C \uCC9C\uC0AC\u300B\uAC00 \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB85C \uBC88\uC5ED \uCD9C\uAC04\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (ur. 18 wrze\u015Bnia 1954 w Montrealu) \u2013 kanadyjsko-ameryka\u0144ski psycholog, zajmuj\u0105cy si\u0119 psychologi\u0105 kognitywn\u0105, j\u0119zykoznawca oraz autor publikacji popularnonaukowych. Jest zwolennikiem psychologii ewolucyjnej oraz obliczeniowej teorii umys\u0142u, opowiada si\u0119 za ewolucyjnymi wyja\u015Bnieniami funkcji m\u00F3zgu, a tym samym j\u0119zyka i zachowania."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montreal, 18 september 1954) is een Canadees-Amerikaans taalkundige, experimenteel psycholoog en schrijver van wetenschappelijke boeken voor een breed publiek. Hij is bekend om zijn idee\u00EBn op het gebied van de cognitiewetenschap. De basis van zijn werk is de evolutionaire psychologie en de overtuiging dat het brein in zijn werking vergelijkbaar is met de computer (de computationele theorie van de geest). Pinker begon in 2003 met lesgeven aan de Harvard University in de Verenigde Staten. Hij was van 1989 tot en met 2003 al hoogleraar aan het Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Pinker houdt van het debat en schrijft voor diverse media. Hij is dan ook een wereldwijd veelgevraagd spreker en staat in de top-10 van de meeste invloedrijke psychologen van deze tijd."@nl . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Mont-real, Quebec, 18 de setembre del 1954) \u00E9s un psic\u00F2leg experimental, cient\u00EDfic cognitiu, ling\u00FCista i escriptor quebequ\u00E8s. \u00C9s professor del Harvard College i titular de la Johnstone Family Chair, del departament de psicologia de Harvard University. \u00C9s conegut per la defensa en\u00E8rgica que fa de la psicologia evolutiva i de la teoria computacional del cervell. Acad\u00E8micament, s'ha especialitzat en cognici\u00F3 visual i en psicoling\u00FC\u00EDstica, i ha tractat temes com la imatgeria mental, el reconeixement de formes, l'atenci\u00F3 visual, el desenvolupament del llenguatge en els infants, els fen\u00F2mens regulars i irregulars del llenguatge, les bases neurals de les paraules i la gram\u00E0tica, i la psicologia de la insinuaci\u00F3 i l'eufemisme. Ha publicat dos llibres t\u00E8cnics en qu\u00E8 proposa una teoria general de l'adquisici\u00F3 del llenguatge i l'aplica a l'aprenentatge infantil dels verbs. En particular, l'estudi que fa amb Alan Prince el 1989 critica el model connectivista sobre la manera com els nens adquireixen el passat dels verbs en angl\u00E8s, amb l'argument que els infants fan servir regles predeterminades, com ara l'addici\u00F3 d'-ed per fer formes regulars, a vegades equivocadament, per\u00F2 estan obligats a aprendre\u2019s les formes irregulars una per una. En els seus llibres, molt populars, ha defensat que la facultat humana del llenguatge \u00E9s un instint, un comportament innat modelat per selecci\u00F3 natural i adaptat a les nostres necessitats comunicatives. \u00C9s autor de set llibres de divulgaci\u00F3 general, cinc dels quals, The Language Instinct (1994), How the Mind Works (1997), Words and Rules (2000), The Blank Slate (2002) i The Stuff of Thought (2007), descriuen aspectes del camp de la psicoling\u00FC\u00EDstica i inclouen, entre moltes altres coses, explicacions accessibles de la seva recerca. El sis\u00E8 llibre, The Better Angels of Our Nature (2011), defensa la idea que la viol\u00E8ncia en les societats humanes en general no ha fet m\u00E9s que minvar amb el temps, i estableix sis causes principals per a aquest descens (el proc\u00E9s de pacificaci\u00F3, el proc\u00E9s civilitzador, la revoluci\u00F3 humanit\u00E0ria, la llarga pau, la nova pau, i la revoluci\u00F3 de drets). En el seu set\u00E8 llibre, The Sense of Style (2014), dona una argumentaci\u00F3 cient\u00EDfica i psicol\u00F2gica de per qu\u00E8 molta de la literatura acad\u00E8mica i popular costa d'entendre. Pinker \u00E9s considerat un dels intel\u00B7lectuals m\u00E9s influents del m\u00F3n. T\u00E9 premis de l'American Psychological Association, la National Academy of Sciences, la Royal Institution, la Cognitive Neuroscience Society i l'American Humanist Association. Ha format part del consell editorial de diverses publicacions peri\u00F2diques i dels consells assessors de diferents institucions. Sovint participa en debats p\u00FAblics sobre ci\u00E8ncia i societat."@ca . . "2016-07-03"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker"@en . "Steven Pinker"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montr\u00E9al, 18 settembre 1954) \u00E8 uno scienziato cognitivo canadese naturalizzato statunitense, professore di psicologia all'Universit\u00E0 di Harvard. Citato come uno degli intellettuali pi\u00F9 influenti da varie riviste, Pinker ha ricevuto premi dalla American Psychological Association, dall'Accademia nazionale delle scienze, dalla Royal Institution e dall'American Humanist Association. Inoltre, serve nel consiglio di redazione di diverse riviste scientifiche e nel comitato consultivo di varie istituzioni accademiche. Partecipa frequentemente ai dibattiti pubblici che riguardano la scienza e la societ\u00E0."@it . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (Montr\u00E9al, 18 settembre 1954) \u00E8 uno scienziato cognitivo canadese naturalizzato statunitense, professore di psicologia all'Universit\u00E0 di Harvard. Citato come uno degli intellettuali pi\u00F9 influenti da varie riviste, Pinker ha ricevuto premi dalla American Psychological Association, dall'Accademia nazionale delle scienze, dalla Royal Institution e dall'American Humanist Association. Inoltre, serve nel consiglio di redazione di diverse riviste scientifiche e nel comitato consultivo di varie istituzioni accademiche. Partecipa frequentemente ai dibattiti pubblici che riguardano la scienza e la societ\u00E0."@it . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (* 18. September 1954 in Montreal) ist ein US-amerikanisch-kanadischer Experimentalpsychologe, Kognitionswissenschaftler, Linguist und popul\u00E4rwissenschaftlicher Autor. Als Professor am Harvard College hat er die Johnstone-Family-Professur des Fachbereiches Psychologie der Harvard-Universit\u00E4t inne. Er ist ein Vertreter der Konzepte der evolution\u00E4ren Psychologie und des psychologischen Nativismus."@de . . "\u30B9\u30C6\u30A3\u30FC\u30D6\u30F3\u30FB\u30A2\u30FC\u30B5\u30FC\u30FB\u30D4\u30F3\u30AB\u30FC\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Steven Arthur Pinker\u30011954\u5E749\u670818\u65E5 - \uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30CA\u30C0\u30FB\u30E2\u30F3\u30C8\u30EA\u30AA\u30FC\u30EB\u751F\u307E\u308C\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u5B9F\u9A13\u5FC3\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u3001\u8A8D\u77E5\u5FC3\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u30022009\u5E74\u73FE\u5728\u306F\u30CF\u30FC\u30D0\u30FC\u30C9\u5927\u5B66\u3067\u5FC3\u7406\u5B66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u8FD1\u5E74\u306F\u4EBA\u985E\u53F2\u30FB\u79D1\u5B66\u7684\u6839\u62E0\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u3044\u305F\u5553\u8499\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8AD6\u5BA2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "73795"^^ . . . "2016-03-28"^^ . "Steven Pinker"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0643\u0631"@ar . . . . . . . "Pinker in 2011"@en . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker"@en . . . "Steven Pinker"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u65AF\u8482\u82AC\u00B7\u4E9E\u745F\u00B7\u5E73\u514B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASteven Arthur Pinker\uFF1B1954\u5E749\u670818\u65E5\uFF0D\uFF09\uFF0C\u5BE6\u9A57\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u8A8D\u77E5\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u548C\u79D1\u666E\u4F5C\u5BB6\u3002\u5E73\u514B\u5EE3\u6CDB\u5BA3\u50B3\u6F14\u5316\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u548C\u7684\u5FC3\u614B\u800C\u805E\u540D\u65BC\u4E16\u30021976\u5E74\u7562\u696D\u65BC\u9EA5\u57FA\u723E\u5927\u5B78\uFF0C1979\u5E74\u7A6B\u54C8\u4F5B\u5927\u5B78\u535A\u58EB\u5B78\u4F4D\uFF0C\u5C08\u653B\u5BE6\u9A57\u5FC3\u7406\u5B78\u3002\u5728\u53F2\u4E39\u4F5B\u4F5C\u5B8C\u4E00\u5E74\u7814\u7A76\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5230\u9EBB\u7701\u7406\u5DE5\u5B78\u9662\u4EFB\u6559\u3002 \u5E73\u514B\u7684\u5B78\u8853\u5C08\u696D\u662F\u8996\u89BA\u8A8D\u77E5\u53CA\u5B69\u5B50\u7684\u8A9E\u8A00\u767C\u5C55\uFF0C\u4ED6\u6709\u540D\u65BC\u628A\u8A9E\u8A00\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u300C\u672C\u80FD\u300D\u6216\u7531\u81EA\u7136\u9078\u64C7\u4F5C\u751F\u7269\u9069\u61C9\u5F62\u6210\u9019\u4E9B\u4E3B\u5F35\u666E\u53CA\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4E00\u9EDE\u4E0A\uFF0C\u4ED6\u53CD\u5C0D\u55AC\u59C6\u65AF\u57FA\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u8996\u8A9E\u8A00\u80FD\u529B\u70BA\u5176\u4ED6\u4FEE\u6539\u7522\u54C1\u7684\u4EBA\u3002\u5E73\u514B\u8457\u6709\u300A\u8A9E\u8A00\u672C\u80FD\u300B\u3001\u300A\u300B\u7B49\u3002\u4ED6\u7684\u8457\u4F5C\u5DF2\u7D93\u8D0F\u5F97\u4E86\u7121\u6578\u734E\u9805\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u662F\u300A\u7D10\u7D04\u6642\u5831\u300B\u7684\u66A2\u92B7\u66F8\u3002"@zh . . . "The Better Angels of Our Nature"@en . . "How the Mind Works"@en . . . . . . . "Steven Pinker"@en . . "Steven Pinker"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Blank Slate"@en . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (ur. 18 wrze\u015Bnia 1954 w Montrealu) \u2013 kanadyjsko-ameryka\u0144ski psycholog, zajmuj\u0105cy si\u0119 psychologi\u0105 kognitywn\u0105, j\u0119zykoznawca oraz autor publikacji popularnonaukowych. Jest zwolennikiem psychologii ewolucyjnej oraz obliczeniowej teorii umys\u0142u, opowiada si\u0119 za ewolucyjnymi wyja\u015Bnieniami funkcji m\u00F3zgu, a tym samym j\u0119zyka i zachowania. Pinker jest profesorem filozofii na Uniwersytecie Harvarda, specjalizuje si\u0119 w psychologii postrzegania oraz psycholingwistyce. Przedmiotami jego zainteresowania s\u0105 tematy takie jak obrazowanie my\u015Blowe, rozpoznawanie kszta\u0142t\u00F3w, uwaga wzrokowa, rozw\u00F3j j\u0119zykowy dzieci, regularne i nieregularne fenomeny w j\u0119zyku, neuronalne podstawy s\u0142\u00F3w i gramatyki, a tak\u017Ce psychologia wsp\u00F3\u0142pracy i komunikacji (w tym eufemizmy, insynuacje, ekspresje emocjonalne oraz wiedza og\u00F3lna). Napisa\u0142 dwie ksi\u0105\u017Cki, w kt\u00F3rych przedstawi\u0142 og\u00F3ln\u0105 teori\u0119 przyswajania j\u0119zyka, kt\u00F3ra odnalaz\u0142a swoje zastosowanie w nauce czasownik\u00F3w przez dzieci. Pinker jest autorem 8 ksi\u0105\u017Cek: (ang.) (1994), (ang.) (1997, przet\u0142umaczone na j\u0119zyk polski w 2002), (ang.) (1999), (ang.) (2002, na j\u0119zyk polski przet\u0142umaczone w 2005), (ang.) (2007), w kt\u00F3rych skupia si\u0119 na opisie psycholingwistyki i kogniwistyki na podstawie w\u0142asnych bada\u0144 argumentuj\u0105c, \u017Ce j\u0119zyk wrodzony jest zachowaniem ukszta\u0142towanym przez dob\u00F3r naturalny i dostosowany do naszych potrzeb komunikacyjnych. (ang.) (2014) jest podr\u0119cznikiem stylu opartym na j\u0119zyku. Ksi\u0105\u017Cka (ang.) (2011, w j\u0119zyku polskim od 2015) to rozprawa o przemocy ludzkiej. Autor wskazuje w niej diagnoz\u0119, \u017Ce potrzeba przemocy zmala\u0142a oraz wskazuje powody tego stanu rzeczy. Dokumentuje masowy spadek przemocy we wszystkich formach, od wojny po lepsze traktowanie dzieci. (ang.) (2018) to ksi\u0105\u017Cka wskazuj\u0105ca na popraw\u0119 kondycji ludzkiej w ostatnich latach. W ksi\u0105\u017Cce \u201ELanguage Instinct\u201D postulowa\u0142 ewolucyjne uzasadnienie wrodzonego charakteru j\u0119zyka jako biologicznego instynktu. Tym samym Pinker wda\u0142 si\u0119 w debat\u0119 nad genealogi\u0105 gramatyki uniwersalnej Noama Chomsky\u2019ego. W kolejnych pracach z dziedziny j\u0119zykoznawstwa Pinker analizuje czasowniki nieregularne oraz j\u0119zyk ludzki jako odzwierciedlenie natury ludzkiej \u2013 \u201EThe Stuff of Thought. Language as a Window Into Human Nature\u201D."@pl . . . . . . . . . . "Steven Arthur Pinker (* 18. September 1954 in Montreal) ist ein US-amerikanisch-kanadischer Experimentalpsychologe, Kognitionswissenschaftler, Linguist und popul\u00E4rwissenschaftlicher Autor. Als Professor am Harvard College hat er die Johnstone-Family-Professur des Fachbereiches Psychologie der Harvard-Universit\u00E4t inne. Er ist ein Vertreter der Konzepte der evolution\u00E4ren Psychologie und des psychologischen Nativismus. Steven Pinker hat sich auf visuelle Kognition und Psycholinguistik spezialisiert; seine experimentellen F\u00E4cher sind mentale Vorstellung, Formerkennung, visuelle Aufmerksamkeit, Sprachentwicklung von Kindern, regul\u00E4re und irregul\u00E4re Ph\u00E4nomene der Sprache, die neurale Grundlage von W\u00F6rtern und Grammatik, au\u00DFerdem die Psychologie von Euphemismen und Anspielungen. Er ver\u00F6ffentlichte zwei technische B\u00FCcher, in denen er eine allgemeine Theorie des Spracherwerbs vorschl\u00E4gt und sie auf das Lernen von Verben durch Kinder anwendet. In seinen popul\u00E4rwissenschaftlichen Schriften vertritt er die Ansicht, dass Sprache ein Instinkt oder eine biologische Adaption sei, die durch die nat\u00FCrliche Selektion geformt wurde."@de . . . .