. . "The Pre-Dorset is a loosely defined term for a Paleo-Eskimo culture or group of cultures that existed in the Eastern Canadian Arctic from c. 3200 to 850 cal BC, and preceded the Dorset culture. Due to its vast geographical expanse and to history of research, the Pre-Dorset is difficult to define. The term was coined by Collins (1956, 1957) who recognised that there seemed to be people that lived in the Eastern Canadian Arctic prior to the Dorset, but for whose culture it was difficult to give the defining characteristics. Hence, for Collins and others afterward, the term is a catch-all phrase for all occupations of the Eastern Canadian Arctic that predated the Dorset. To Taylor (1968) and Maxwell (1973), however, the Pre-Dorset were a distinct cultural entity, ancestral to the Dorset, and "@en . "El Pre-Dorset es un t\u00E9rmino vagamente definido para una cultura o grupo de culturas paleoesquimales que existieron en el \u00C1rtico oriental canadiense entre el 4500 y el 2700 a. C.,\u200B y que precedieron a la cultura Dorset.\u200B"@es . . . "Pre-Dorsetcultuur"@nl . "21674532"^^ . "1079000890"^^ . . . . "De Pre-Dorsetcultuur was een Paleo-Eskimocultuur uit het oostelijke arctische gebied in Noord-Amerika van ongeveer 2500 of 2000 tot 800 of 500 v.Chr, voorafgaand aan de Dorsetcultuur. De Pre-Dorsetcultuur maakte deel uit van de Arctic small tool tradition, die wellicht kort voor 2500 v.Chr. over de Beringstraat naar Alaska is gekomen. De Pre-Dorset leefden van de jacht op kleinere zeezoogdieren, rendieren en klein wild, en woonden in tenten en mogelijk ook in iglo's. Oorspronkelijk leefden ze aan de kust, maar toen rond 1500 v.Chr. het klimaat begon af te koelen trokken ze naar het zuiden, het binnenland in. De Pre-Dorset beschikten over pijl en boog en waarschijnlijk over boten."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El Pre-Dorset es un t\u00E9rmino vagamente definido para una cultura o grupo de culturas paleoesquimales que existieron en el \u00C1rtico oriental canadiense entre el 4500 y el 2700 a. C.,\u200B y que precedieron a la cultura Dorset.\u200B Debido a su gran extensi\u00F3n geogr\u00E1fica y a la historia de la investigaci\u00F3n, el Pre-Dorset es dif\u00EDcil de definir. El t\u00E9rmino fue acu\u00F1ado por Collins (1956, 1957), quien reconoci\u00F3 que parec\u00EDa haber gente que viv\u00EDa en el \u00C1rtico oriental canadiense antes del Dorset, pero para cuya cultura era dif\u00EDcil dar las caracter\u00EDsticas definitorias. Por lo tanto, para Collins y otros posteriores, el t\u00E9rmino es una frase comod\u00EDn para todas las ocupaciones del \u00C1rtico oriental canadiense anteriores a los Dorset. Sin embargo, para Taylor (1968) y Maxwell (1973), los Pre-Dorset eran una entidad cultural distinta, ancestral a los Dorset, y que viv\u00EDa en el Bajo \u00C1rtico de Canad\u00E1 con una serie de incursiones en el Alto \u00C1rtico.\u200B En el yacimiento de Port Refuge, en el Archipi\u00E9lago \u00C1rtico Canadiense en la isla Devon, McGhee (1979) distingui\u00F3 dos conjuntos de ocupaciones, uno que atribuy\u00F3 a la cultura Independencia I, y otro a la Pre-Dorset. Debido a la mala conservaci\u00F3n del material org\u00E1nico y al hecho de que los huesos de los mam\u00EDferos marinos pueden parecer m\u00E1s antiguos con la dataci\u00F3n por radiocarbono que su edad real \u2014efecto del dep\u00F3sito marino\u2014, suele ser dif\u00EDcil datar los yacimientos del \u00C1rtico. Pero el asentamiento de Independencia I est\u00E1 varios metros por encima del nivel del mar, y McGhee consider\u00F3 que esto significaba que el asentamiento de Independencia I era aproximadamente 300 a\u00F1os m\u00E1s antiguo que el de Pre-Dorset en Port Refuge. De hecho, suponiendo que los asentamientos est\u00E9n siempre cerca del agua, ya que el nivel del mar descendi\u00F3 a lo largo de los siglos, es por el motivo que se espera que los sitios m\u00E1s antiguos est\u00E9n m\u00E1s arriba del nivel del mar. La mayor\u00EDa de los rasgos que McGhee cre\u00EDa diferentes entre los asentamientos Pre-Dorset e Independencia I de Port Refuge son problem\u00E1ticos y no pueden utilizarse sistem\u00E1ticamente para distinguir su filiaci\u00F3n cultural.\u200B Se ha sugerido que Pre-Dorset e Independencia I son partes de la misma cultura.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . "Pre-Dorset"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Pre-Dorset is a loosely defined term for a Paleo-Eskimo culture or group of cultures that existed in the Eastern Canadian Arctic from c. 3200 to 850 cal BC, and preceded the Dorset culture. Due to its vast geographical expanse and to history of research, the Pre-Dorset is difficult to define. The term was coined by Collins (1956, 1957) who recognised that there seemed to be people that lived in the Eastern Canadian Arctic prior to the Dorset, but for whose culture it was difficult to give the defining characteristics. Hence, for Collins and others afterward, the term is a catch-all phrase for all occupations of the Eastern Canadian Arctic that predated the Dorset. To Taylor (1968) and Maxwell (1973), however, the Pre-Dorset were a distinct cultural entity, ancestral to the Dorset, and that lived in the Low Arctic of Canada with a number of incursions into High Arctic. At the site of Port Refuge on the Grinnell Peninsula, Devon Island, McGhee distinguished two sets of occupations, one that he ascribed to the Independence I culture, the other to Pre-Dorset. Due to the often poor preservation of organic material and the fact that bones from marine mammals can appear older with radiocarbon dating than their actual age (the marine reservoir effect), it is typically difficult to date Arctic sites. But the Independence I settlement is several metres higher above sea level, and McGhee took this to mean that the Independence I settlement was roughly 300 years older than the Pre-Dorset one at Port Refuge. Indeed, assuming that settlers are always close to the water, because sea levels fell over the centuries, older sites are expected to lie higher above the sea. Most features that McGhee believed different between the Pre-Dorset and Independence I settlements of Port Refuge are problematic and cannot systematically be used to distinguish their cultural affiliation. It has been suggested that Pre-Dorset and Independence I are parts of the same culture."@en . . . "Pre-Dorset"@es . . "De Pre-Dorsetcultuur was een Paleo-Eskimocultuur uit het oostelijke arctische gebied in Noord-Amerika van ongeveer 2500 of 2000 tot 800 of 500 v.Chr, voorafgaand aan de Dorsetcultuur. De Pre-Dorsetcultuur maakte deel uit van de Arctic small tool tradition, die wellicht kort voor 2500 v.Chr. over de Beringstraat naar Alaska is gekomen. De Pre-Dorset leefden van de jacht op kleinere zeezoogdieren, rendieren en klein wild, en woonden in tenten en mogelijk ook in iglo's. Oorspronkelijk leefden ze aan de kust, maar toen rond 1500 v.Chr. het klimaat begon af te koelen trokken ze naar het zuiden, het binnenland in. De Pre-Dorset beschikten over pijl en boog en waarschijnlijk over boten."@nl . . . . "10436"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .