. "De ontologie (van het Grieks \u1F40\u03BD = zijnde en \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 = woord, leer) of zijnsleer is onderdeel van de metafysica, de filosofische tak die het wezen onderzoekt dat achter de waargenomen werkelijkheid schuilgaat. De ontologie onderzoekt en beschrijft de eigenschappen, of breder: het zijn van het geheel van dingen, \"entiteiten\" of zijnden, waarvan aangenomen wordt dat ze bestaan of beter: zijn. De klassieke ontologie probeert, op grond van hun eigenschappen, de entiteiten vervolgens in te delen in fundamentele categorie\u00EBn. Daarom wordt de ontologie soms ook wel 'categorietheorie' genoemd."@nl . . . . . . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF \u039F\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03C3\u03BF\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B6\u03AE\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03CD\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03C1\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u038C\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, \u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u038C\u03BD\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD (\u039F\u03BD= \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7). \u03A3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03C3\u03BF\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B7 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF. \u038C\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03BD\u03CD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C7\u03AD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1, \u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1, \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03AE \u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1, \u03B5\u03C3\u03B5\u03BD\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 (essentialismus) \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BB\u03AD\u03BE\u03B7 essentia (\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1)."@el . . . . . "Ontologi"@sv . . . . . . . . . . "Ontologia (do grego ontos \"ente\" e -logia, \"discurso l\u00F3gico\"; no conjunto, \"ci\u00EAncia do ser\") \u00E9 o ramo da filosofia que estuda conceitos como exist\u00EAncia, ser, devir e realidade. Inclui as quest\u00F5es de como as entidades s\u00E3o agrupadas em categorias b\u00E1sicas e quais dessas entidades existem no n\u00EDvel mais fundamental. A ontologia \u00E9 \u00E0s vezes referida como a ci\u00EAncia do ser e pertence ao maior ramo da filosofia conhecido como metaf\u00EDsica. Os ontologistas frequentemente tentam determinar quais s\u00E3o as categorias ou tipos mais altos e como formam um sistema de categorias que fornece uma classifica\u00E7\u00E3o abrangente de todas as entidades. As categorias comumente propostas incluem subst\u00E2ncias, propriedades, rela\u00E7\u00F5es, estados de coisas e eventos. Estas categorias s\u00E3o caracterizadas por conceitos ontol\u00F3gicos fundamentais, como particularidade e universalidade, abstra\u00E7\u00E3o e concretude, ou possibilidade e necessidade. De especial interesse \u00E9 o conceito de depend\u00EAncia ontol\u00F3gica, que determina se as entidades de uma categoria existem no n\u00EDvel mais fundamental. As discord\u00E2ncias dentro da ontologia s\u00E3o muitas vezes sobre se as entidades pertencentes a uma determinada categoria existem e, em caso afirmativo, como se relacionam com outras entidades. Quando usado como substantivo cont\u00E1vel, os termos \"ontologia\" e \"ontologias\" referem-se n\u00E3o \u00E0 ci\u00EAncia do ser, mas \u00E0s teorias dentro da ci\u00EAncia do ser. As teorias ontol\u00F3gicas podem ser divididas em v\u00E1rios tipos de acordo com seus compromissos te\u00F3ricos. As ontologias monocateg\u00F3ricas sustentam que h\u00E1 apenas uma categoria b\u00E1sica, o que \u00E9 rejeitado pelas ontologias policateg\u00F3ricas. As ontologias hier\u00E1rquicas afirmam que algumas entidades existem em um n\u00EDvel mais fundamental e que outras entidades dependem delas. As ontologias planas, por outro lado, negam tal status privilegiado a qualquer entidade."@pt . "Ontologia"@pt . . . . "Ontologia"@eu . "Ontologie (filosofie)"@nl . "\u041E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0433\u0438\u044F (\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0442. ontologia \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u1F44\u03BD, \u0440\u043E\u0434. \u043F. \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435, \u0442\u043E, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 + \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430) \u2014 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043C; \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u044B \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F, \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0424\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0431 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u0445 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439. \u0418\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u00AB\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F\u00BB (\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F) \u0443\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u00AB\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F\u00BB (\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E)."@ru . . . . "Ontologie"@de . "Ontologia izakiaren azterketa da, horregatik, izatearen teoria izenez ezagutzen da, hau da, gauzen azterketa: zer den, nolakoa den eta nola den posible. Ontologiaren zeregina oinarrizko kategoriak ezartzea da. Aristotelesek K.a. IV. mendean metafisika orokorraz edo hasierako filosofiaz eman zuen definizioarekin bat dator ontologia. Ontologiak XVIII. mendean hartu zuen indarra Wolff-ek emandako azalpenekin. Wolff-ek izakiari dagozkion ezaugarri orokorrak aztergai dituen alor gisa definitu zuen ontologia, ez badiren izakien ezaugarriena soilik, diren eta izan daitezkeena baizik; Kantek, ordea, badiren izakien azterketa gisa ulertu zuen ontologia eta argudio ontologikoaren bidez izaki perfektuenak ere (Jainkoak), perfektu izango bada, existitu beharra duela adierazi zuen. XX. mendean berriro ere indartu da ontologia, fenomenalisten eta existentzialisten artean batez ere."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ontologi (av grekiskans on, genitiv ontos \u2019varande\u2019 och logia \u2019l\u00E4ra\u2019, av logos \u2019ord\u2019) \u00E4r inom filosofin, antropologin och andra besl\u00E4ktade vetenskaper, namnet p\u00E5 l\u00E4ran om det varande g\u00E4llande hur v\u00E4rlden eller tingen \u00E4r beskaffade och vilka deras v\u00E4sensbetingade drag \u00E4r."@sv . . . . . . . . "Die Ontologie (im 16. Jahrhundert als griechisch \u1F40\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 ontolog\u00EDa gebildet aus altgriechisch \u1F44\u03BD \u00F3n \u201Aseiend\u2018 bzw. altgriechisch \u03C4\u1F78 \u1F44\u03BD \u201Adas Sein\u2018 und \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 l\u00F3gos \u201ALehre\u2018, also \u201ALehre vom Seienden\u2018 bzw. \u201ALehre des Seins\u2018) ist eine Disziplin der (theoretischen) Philosophie, die sich mit der Einteilung des Seienden und den Grundstrukturen der Wirklichkeit befasst. Dieser Gegenstandsbereich ist weitgehend deckungsgleich mit dem, was nach traditioneller Terminologie \u201Eallgemeine Metaphysik\u201C genannt wird. Dabei wird die Systematik grundlegender Typen von Entit\u00E4ten (konkrete und abstrakte Gegenst\u00E4nde, Eigenschaften, Sachverhalte, Ereignisse, Prozesse) in ihren strukturellen Beziehungen diskutiert. Fragen, die spezielle Gegenstandsbereiche der Philosophie betreffen, sind zum Beispiel \u201EWas ist der "@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ontologie (z \u0159eck\u00E9ho to \u00F3\u03BD jsouc\u00ED + \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2, logos slovo, \u0159e\u010D) je filosofick\u00E1 discipl\u00EDna, kter\u00E1 se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 jsoucnem, byt\u00EDm jako takov\u00FDm a z\u00E1kladn\u00EDmi pojmy. Aristotel\u00E9s pro ni pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 ozna\u010Den\u00ED prvn\u00ED filosofie, kter\u00E1 je sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED metafyziky a zab\u00FDv\u00E1 se nejobecn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDmi ot\u00E1zkami."@cs . . . "\u041E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . "Ontologi merupakan salah satu kajian filsafat yang paling kuno dan berasal dari Yunani. Studi tersebut membahas keberadaan sesuatu yang bersifat konkret. Tokoh Yunani yang memiliki pandangan yang bersifat ontologis dikenal seperti Thales, Plato, dan Aristoteles. Pada masanya, kebanyakan orang belum membedakan antara penampakan dengan kenyataan. Thales terkenal sebagai filsuf yang pernah sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa air merupakan substansi terdalam yang merupakan asal mula segala sesuatu. Namun yang lebih penting ialah pendiriannya bahwa mungkin sekali segala sesuatu itu berasal dari satu substansi belaka (sehingga sesuatu itu tidak bisa dianggap ada berdiri sendiri)."@in . . . "La ontolog\u00EDa (del griego antiguo \u1F44\u03BD [on] \u2014genitivo \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2\u2014 [ontos], 'ente'; y \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 [l\u00F3gos] 'ciencia, estudio, teor\u00EDa') o metaf\u00EDsica general es la rama de la filosof\u00EDa que estudia lo que hay, as\u00ED como las relaciones entre los entes (por ejemplo, la relaci\u00F3n entre un universal \u2014como el rojo\u2014 y un particular que lo \"tiene\" \u2014como una manzana) o la relaci\u00F3n entre un acto (como el que S\u00F3crates bebiera la cicuta) y sus participantes (S\u00F3crates y la cicuta).\u200B Los ont\u00F3logos suelen tratar de determinar cu\u00E1les son las categor\u00EDas o g\u00E9neros m\u00E1s altos y c\u00F3mo forman un sistema de categor\u00EDas que proporciona una clasificaci\u00F3n abarcadora de todas las entidades. Las categor\u00EDas com\u00FAnmente propuestas incluyen sustancias, propiedades, relaciones, estados de cosas y eventos. Estas categor\u00EDas se caracterizan por conceptos ontol\u00F3gicos fundamentales, como particularidad y universalidad, abstracci\u00F3n y concreci\u00F3n o posibilidad y necesidad. De inter\u00E9s especial es el concepto de dependencia ontol\u00F3gica, que determina si las entidades de una categor\u00EDa existen en el nivel m\u00E1s fundamental. Los desacuerdos dentro de la ontolog\u00EDa suelen girar en torno a si las entidades pertenecientes a una determinada categor\u00EDa existen y, en caso afirmativo, c\u00F3mo se relacionan con otras entidades.\u200B Algunas preguntas ontol\u00F3gicas son: \u00BFqu\u00E9 es la materia? \u00BFQu\u00E9 es un proceso? \u00BFQu\u00E9 es el espacio-tiempo? \u00BFHay propiedades emergentes? \u00BFSe ajustan todos los eventos a alguna(s) ley(es)? \u00BFHay especies naturales? \u00BFQu\u00E9 hace real a un objeto? \u00BFHay causas finales? \u00BFEs real el azar?\u200B Muchas preguntas tradicionales de la filosof\u00EDa se pueden entender como preguntas ontol\u00F3gicas:\u200B \u00BFDios existe? \u00BFExisten entidades mentales, como ideas y pensamientos? \u00BFExisten entidades abstractas, como los n\u00FAmeros? \u00BFExisten los universales? Cuando se utilizan como sustantivo contable, los t\u00E9rminos \"ontolog\u00EDa\" y \"ontolog\u00EDas\" no se refieren a la ciencia del ser, sino a las teor\u00EDas dentro de la ciencia del ser. Las teor\u00EDas ontol\u00F3gicas se pueden dividir en varios tipos seg\u00FAn sus compromisos te\u00F3ricos. Las ontolog\u00EDas monocateg\u00F3ricas sostienen que solo hay una categor\u00EDa b\u00E1sica, lo que es rechazado por las ontolog\u00EDas policateg\u00F3ricas. Las ontolog\u00EDas jer\u00E1rquicas afirman que algunas entidades existen en un nivel m\u00E1s fundamental y que otras entidades dependen de ellas. Las ontolog\u00EDas planas, en cambio, niegan ese estatus privilegiado a cualquier entidad."@es . . . . "Ontologie"@cs . "Ontologia \u2013 podstawowy (obok epistemologii i aksjologii) dzia\u0142 filozofii staraj\u0105cy si\u0119 bada\u0107 struktur\u0119 rzeczywisto\u015Bci i zajmuj\u0105cy si\u0119 problematyk\u0105 zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z poj\u0119ciami bytu, istoty, istnienia i jego sposob\u00F3w, przedmiotu i jego w\u0142asno\u015Bci, przyczynowo\u015Bci, czasu, przestrzeni, konieczno\u015Bci i mo\u017Cliwo\u015Bci."@pl . . . "Ontologia (do grego ontos \"ente\" e -logia, \"discurso l\u00F3gico\"; no conjunto, \"ci\u00EAncia do ser\") \u00E9 o ramo da filosofia que estuda conceitos como exist\u00EAncia, ser, devir e realidade. Inclui as quest\u00F5es de como as entidades s\u00E3o agrupadas em categorias b\u00E1sicas e quais dessas entidades existem no n\u00EDvel mais fundamental. A ontologia \u00E9 \u00E0s vezes referida como a ci\u00EAncia do ser e pertence ao maior ramo da filosofia conhecido como metaf\u00EDsica."@pt . "22261"^^ . "\u039F\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1"@el . . . . . . "Ontologia"@pl . . . . . "Die Ontologie (im 16. Jahrhundert als griechisch \u1F40\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 ontolog\u00EDa gebildet aus altgriechisch \u1F44\u03BD \u00F3n \u201Aseiend\u2018 bzw. altgriechisch \u03C4\u1F78 \u1F44\u03BD \u201Adas Sein\u2018 und \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 l\u00F3gos \u201ALehre\u2018, also \u201ALehre vom Seienden\u2018 bzw. \u201ALehre des Seins\u2018) ist eine Disziplin der (theoretischen) Philosophie, die sich mit der Einteilung des Seienden und den Grundstrukturen der Wirklichkeit befasst. Dieser Gegenstandsbereich ist weitgehend deckungsgleich mit dem, was nach traditioneller Terminologie \u201Eallgemeine Metaphysik\u201C genannt wird. Dabei wird die Systematik grundlegender Typen von Entit\u00E4ten (konkrete und abstrakte Gegenst\u00E4nde, Eigenschaften, Sachverhalte, Ereignisse, Prozesse) in ihren strukturellen Beziehungen diskutiert. Fragen, die spezielle Gegenstandsbereiche der Philosophie betreffen, sind zum Beispiel \u201EWas ist der Mensch?\u201C, \u201EGibt es einen Gott?\u201C oder \u201EHat die Welt einen Anfang?\u201C, oder im Bereich der Naturwissenschaften \u201EWas ist Materie?\u201C, \u201EWas ist die Raumzeit?\u201C, \u201EGibt es emergente Eigenschaften?\u201C, \u201EWas ist das Leben?\u201C oder \u201EWas ist der Geist?\u201C. Diese Themen fielen nach traditioneller Stoffgliederung in den Bereich \u201Espezielle Metaphysik\u201C. Bei einigen traditionellen Herangehensweisen steht der Begriff des Seins und sein Verh\u00E4ltnis zu den einzelnen Entit\u00E4ten im Vordergrund. Bei den Naturwissenschaften ist \u201Edas Werden\u201C von gro\u00DFer Bedeutung. Heute werden in der analytischen Ontologie die Ausdr\u00FCcke \u201EOntologie\u201C und \u201EMetaphysik\u201C zumeist synonym verwendet. In der Informatik werden seit den 1990er Jahren formale Repr\u00E4sentationssysteme, angelehnt an den philosophischen Begriff, als \u201EOntologien\u201C bezeichnet."@de . "\u041E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0433\u0456\u044F (\u043B\u0430\u0442. ontologia \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432.-\u0433\u0440. \u03CE\u03BD, \u0440\u043E\u0434. \u0432. \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435, \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430) \u2014 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044F; \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457, \u0443 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0437'\u044F\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E. \u041F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F \u00AB\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F\u00BB \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u043B\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0443 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457."@uk . . "\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F"@ar . . . . . "Ontologio (de la greka \u03BF\u03BD [on] = estanta, \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 [logos] = vorto, parolo) estas fako ene de la filozofio, pli precize ene de la metafiziko. \u011Ci okupi\u011Das pri ekzisto kaj la kategorioj de ekzisto, provante eltrovi kiaj entoj ekzistas."@eo . . "Ontolog\u00EDa"@es . . "Ontologie (philosophie)"@fr . . . . . "Ontologie (z \u0159eck\u00E9ho to \u00F3\u03BD jsouc\u00ED + \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2, logos slovo, \u0159e\u010D) je filosofick\u00E1 discipl\u00EDna, kter\u00E1 se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 jsoucnem, byt\u00EDm jako takov\u00FDm a z\u00E1kladn\u00EDmi pojmy. Aristotel\u00E9s pro ni pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 ozna\u010Den\u00ED prvn\u00ED filosofie, kter\u00E1 je sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED metafyziky a zab\u00FDv\u00E1 se nejobecn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDmi ot\u00E1zkami."@cs . . . "Ontologia izakiaren azterketa da, horregatik, izatearen teoria izenez ezagutzen da, hau da, gauzen azterketa: zer den, nolakoa den eta nola den posible. Ontologiaren zeregina oinarrizko kategoriak ezartzea da."@eu . . . . . . "\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062A\u062C\u0631\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Ontology)\u200F (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629\u00BB \u0648-\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0644\u060C \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629) \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0647\u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0627. \u064A\u062F\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064A \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 (being) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F (existence) \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0648\u0625\u064A\u062C\u0627\u062F \u0623\u064A \u0643\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 (entities) \u0648\u0623\u064A \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062B\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (reality)."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ointeola\u00EDocht"@ga . . . "La ontolog\u00EDa (del griego antiguo \u1F44\u03BD [on] \u2014genitivo \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2\u2014 [ontos], 'ente'; y \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 [l\u00F3gos] 'ciencia, estudio, teor\u00EDa') o metaf\u00EDsica general es la rama de la filosof\u00EDa que estudia lo que hay, as\u00ED como las relaciones entre los entes (por ejemplo, la relaci\u00F3n entre un universal \u2014como el rojo\u2014 y un particular que lo \"tiene\" \u2014como una manzana) o la relaci\u00F3n entre un acto (como el que S\u00F3crates bebiera la cicuta) y sus participantes (S\u00F3crates y la cicuta).\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ontologi"@in . . . . . . . . . . "In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whethe"@en . . "\uC874\uC7AC\uB860"@ko . . . . . . . "\u041E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5B58\u5728\u8AD6"@ja . "L'ontologia \u00E9s l'estudi de l'\u00E9sser o de l'exist\u00E8ncia. T\u00E9 com a objectiu descriure o posar les categories i relacions b\u00E0siques de l'\u00E9sser o de l'exist\u00E8ncia per a definir els ens i els tipus d'ens dins d'aquest context. L'ontologia tamb\u00E9 pot definir-se com l'estudi de les concepcions de la realitat. L'ontologia sovint, per\u00F2 no sempre, t\u00E9 una relaci\u00F3 estreta amb la metaf\u00EDsica. Hom podria dir que l'ontologia fou suggerida indirectament per primer cop per Anaximandre, i que fou definida per primer cop per Parm\u00E8nides."@ca . "\u5B58\u5728\u8AD6\uFF08\u305D\u3093\u3056\u3044\u308D\u3093\u3001\u82F1: ontology\u3001\u72EC: Ontologie\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u9580\u3002\u3055\u307E\u3056\u307E\u306B\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u3082\u306E\uFF08\u5B58\u5728\u8005\uFF09\u306E\u500B\u5225\u306E\u6027\u8CEA\u3092\u554F\u3046\u306E\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u5B58\u5728\u8005\u3092\u5B58\u5728\u3055\u305B\u308B\u5B58\u5728\u306A\u308B\u3082\u306E\u306E\u610F\u5473\u3084\u6839\u672C\u898F\u5B9A\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u53D6\u308A\u7D44\u3080\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3001\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B66\u306A\u3044\u3057\u305D\u306E\u4E00\u5206\u91CE\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3001\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u3068\u4E26\u3076\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u4E3B\u8981\u5206\u91CE\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "\u041E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0433\u0438\u044F (\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0442. ontologia \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u1F44\u03BD, \u0440\u043E\u0434. \u043F. \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435, \u0442\u043E, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 + \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430) \u2014 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043C; \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u044B \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F, \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0424\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0431 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u0445 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439. \u0418\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u00AB\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F\u00BB (\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F) \u0443\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u00AB\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F\u00BB (\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E)."@ru . "In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whether the entities of a category exist on the most fundamental level. Disagreements within ontology are often about whether entities belonging to a certain category exist and, if so, how they are related to other entities. When used as a countable noun, the words ontology and ontologies refer not to the science of being but to theories within the science of being. Ontological theories can be divided into various types according to their theoretical commitments. Monocategorical ontologies hold that there is only one basic category, but polycategorical ontologies rejected this view. Hierarchical ontologies assert that some entities exist on a more fundamental level and that other entities depend on them. Flat ontologies, on the other hand, deny such a privileged status to any entity."@en . . . . . . "\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF0C\u6216\u8B6F\u5B58\u5728\u8AD6\u3001\u5B58\u6709\u8AD6\u7B49\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aontology\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u54F2\u5B78\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u5206\u652F\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u5B58\u5728\u3001\u5B58\u6709\u3001\u751F\u6210\u548C\u73FE\u5BE6\u7B49\u6982\u5FF5\u3002\u5B83\u5305\u62EC\u5982\u4F55\u5C07\u5BE6\u9AD4\u5206\u7D44\u5230\u57FA\u672C\u985E\u5225\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u9019\u4E9B\u5BE6\u9AD4\u4E2D\u54EA\u4E9B\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u6700\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u7D1A\u5225\u7684\u554F\u984C\u3002\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u6709\u6642\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u5B58\u6709\u79D1\u5B78\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Ascience of being\uFF09\uFF0C\u5C6C\u65BC\u54F2\u5B78\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u5206\u652F\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B78\u3002 \u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u8005\u7D93\u5E38\u5617\u8A66\u78BA\u5B9A\u985E\u5225\u6216\u6700\u9AD8\u985E\u5225\u662F\u4EC0\u9EBC\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u5B83\u5011\u5982\u4F55\u5F62\u6210\u4E00\u500B\u985E\u5225\u7CFB\u7D71\uFF0C\u8A72\u7CFB\u7D71\u63D0\u4F9B\u6240\u6709\u5BE6\u9AD4\u7684\u5305\u542B\u5206\u985E\u3002\u901A\u5E38\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u985E\u5225\u5305\u62EC\u5BE6\u9AD4\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASubstance\uFF09\u3001\u6027\u8CEA\u3001\u95DC\u4FC2\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ARelations\uFF09\u3001\u4E8B\u614B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AState of affairs\uFF09\u548C\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002\u9019\u4E9B\u985E\u5225\u4EE5\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u6982\u5FF5\u70BA\u7279\u5FB5\uFF0C\u5982\u7279\u6B8A\u6027\u548C\u666E\u904D\u6027\u3001\u62BD\u8C61\u6027\u548C\u5177\u9AD4\u6027\uFF0C\u6216\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Apossibility\uFF09\u548C\u5FC5\u7136\u6027\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Anecessity\uFF09\u3002\u672C\u9AD4\u4F9D\u8CF4\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aontological dependence\uFF09\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u6C7A\u5B9A\u4E86\u4E00\u500B\u985E\u5225\u7684\u5BE6\u9AD4\u662F\u5426\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u6700\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u5C64\u6B21\u4E0A\u3002\u672C\u9AD4\u5167\u90E8\u7684\u5206\u6B67\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u95DC\u65BC\u5C6C\u65BC\u67D0\u500B\u985E\u5225\u7684\u5BE6\u9AD4\u662F\u5426\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u5982\u4F55\u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u5BE6\u9AD4\u76F8\u95DC\u3002 \u73FE\u4ECA\uFF0C\u8853\u8A9E\u201C\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u201D\u548C\u201C\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B78\u201D\u5728\u5206\u6790\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AAnalytische Ontologie\uFF09\u4E2D\u4E3B\u8981\u7528\u4F5C\u540C\u7FA9\u8A5E\u3002\u5728\u8A08\u7B97\u6A5F\u79D1\u5B78\u4E2D\uFF0C\u57FA\u65BC\u54F2\u5B78\u8853\u8A9E\uFF0C\u5F62\u5F0F\u8868\u793A\u7CFB\u7D71\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1Aformale Repr\u00E4sentationssysteme\uFF09\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u201C\u672C\u9AD4\u201D\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF0C\u6216\u8B6F\u5B58\u5728\u8AD6\u3001\u5B58\u6709\u8AD6\u7B49\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aontology\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u54F2\u5B78\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u5206\u652F\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u5B58\u5728\u3001\u5B58\u6709\u3001\u751F\u6210\u548C\u73FE\u5BE6\u7B49\u6982\u5FF5\u3002\u5B83\u5305\u62EC\u5982\u4F55\u5C07\u5BE6\u9AD4\u5206\u7D44\u5230\u57FA\u672C\u985E\u5225\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u9019\u4E9B\u5BE6\u9AD4\u4E2D\u54EA\u4E9B\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u6700\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u7D1A\u5225\u7684\u554F\u984C\u3002\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u6709\u6642\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u5B58\u6709\u79D1\u5B78\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Ascience of being\uFF09\uFF0C\u5C6C\u65BC\u54F2\u5B78\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u5206\u652F\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B78\u3002 \u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u8005\u7D93\u5E38\u5617\u8A66\u78BA\u5B9A\u985E\u5225\u6216\u6700\u9AD8\u985E\u5225\u662F\u4EC0\u9EBC\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u5B83\u5011\u5982\u4F55\u5F62\u6210\u4E00\u500B\u985E\u5225\u7CFB\u7D71\uFF0C\u8A72\u7CFB\u7D71\u63D0\u4F9B\u6240\u6709\u5BE6\u9AD4\u7684\u5305\u542B\u5206\u985E\u3002\u901A\u5E38\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u985E\u5225\u5305\u62EC\u5BE6\u9AD4\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASubstance\uFF09\u3001\u6027\u8CEA\u3001\u95DC\u4FC2\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ARelations\uFF09\u3001\u4E8B\u614B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AState of affairs\uFF09\u548C\u4E8B\u4EF6\u3002\u9019\u4E9B\u985E\u5225\u4EE5\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u6982\u5FF5\u70BA\u7279\u5FB5\uFF0C\u5982\u7279\u6B8A\u6027\u548C\u666E\u904D\u6027\u3001\u62BD\u8C61\u6027\u548C\u5177\u9AD4\u6027\uFF0C\u6216\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Apossibility\uFF09\u548C\u5FC5\u7136\u6027\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Anecessity\uFF09\u3002\u672C\u9AD4\u4F9D\u8CF4\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aontological dependence\uFF09\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u6C7A\u5B9A\u4E86\u4E00\u500B\u985E\u5225\u7684\u5BE6\u9AD4\u662F\u5426\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u6700\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u5C64\u6B21\u4E0A\u3002\u672C\u9AD4\u5167\u90E8\u7684\u5206\u6B67\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u95DC\u65BC\u5C6C\u65BC\u67D0\u500B\u985E\u5225\u7684\u5BE6\u9AD4\u662F\u5426\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u5B83\u5011\u5982\u4F55\u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u5BE6\u9AD4\u76F8\u95DC\u3002 \u7576\u7528\u4F5C\u53EF\u6578\u540D\u8A5E\u6642\uFF0C\u8853\u8A9E\u201C\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u201D\u4E0D\u662F\u6307\u5B58\u5728\u79D1\u5B78\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u6307\u5B58\u5728\u79D1\u5B78\u4E2D\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u3002\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u6839\u64DA\u5176\u7406\u8AD6\u627F\u8AFE\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u70BA\u5404\u7A2E\u985E\u578B\u3002\u55AE\u7BC4\u7587\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AMonocategorical ontologies\uFF09\u8A8D\u70BA\u53EA\u6709\u4E00\u500B\u57FA\u672C\u7BC4\u7587\uFF0C\u800C\u591A\u7BC4\u7587\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Apolycategorical ontologies\uFF09\u62D2\u7D55\u4E86\u9019\u4E00\u7BC4\u7587\u3002\u5206\u5C64\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AHierarchical ontologies\uFF09\u65B7\u8A00\u67D0\u4E9B\u5BE6\u9AD4\u5B58\u5728\u65BC\u66F4\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u5C64\u6B21\u4E0A\uFF0C\u800C\u5176\u4ED6\u5BE6\u9AD4\u5247\u4F9D\u8CF4\u65BC\u5B83\u5011\u3002\u53E6\u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u6241\u5E73\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AFlat ontologies\uFF09\u62D2\u7D55\u4EFB\u4F55\u5BE6\u9AD4\u4EAB\u6709\u9019\u7A2E\u512A\u8D8A\u5730\u4F4D\u3002 \u6709\u95DC\u54F2\u5B78\u7279\u6B8A\u4E3B\u984C\u9818\u57DF\u7684\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u554F\u984C\u6709\u300C\u4EBA\u662F\u4EC0\u9EBC\uFF1F\u300D\u3001\u300C\u4E0A\u5E1D\u5B58\u5728\u55CE\uFF1F\u300D\u3001\u300C\u4E16\u754C\u6709\u500B\u958B\u59CB\u55CE\uFF1F\u300D\u3002\u5728\u81EA\u7136\u79D1\u5B78\u9818\u57DF\uFF0C\u5247\u6709\u300C\u4EC0\u9EBC\u662F\u7269\u8CEA\uFF1F\u300D\u3001\u300C\u4EC0\u9EBC\u662F\u6642\u7A7A\uFF1F\u300D\u3001\u300C\u5B58\u5728\u6E67\u73FE\u7684\u5C6C\u6027\u55CE\uFF1F\u300D\u3001\u300C\u4EC0\u9EBC\u662F\u751F\u547D\uFF1F\u300D\u3001\u300C\u4EC0\u9EBC\u662F\u5FC3\u9748/\u5FC3\u667A\uFF1F\u300D\u7B49\u554F\u984C\u3002 \u6309\u7167\u5B78\u79D1\u7684\u50B3\u7D71\u7D50\u69CB\uFF0C\u9019\u4E9B\u4E3B\u984C\u90FD\u5C6C\u65BC\u201C\u7279\u6B8A\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B78\u201D\u7684\u7BC4\u7587\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u50B3\u7D71\u65B9\u6CD5\u5074\u91CD\u65BC\u5B58\u6709\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u53CA\u5176\u8207\u500B\u9AD4\u5BE6\u9AD4\u7684\u95DC\u4FC2\u3002\u5728\u81EA\u7136\u79D1\u5B78\u4E2D\uFF0C\u201C\u751F\u6210\u201D\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u975E\u5E38\u91CD\u8981\u3002 \u73FE\u4ECA\uFF0C\u8853\u8A9E\u201C\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\u201D\u548C\u201C\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B78\u201D\u5728\u5206\u6790\u672C\u9AD4\u8AD6\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AAnalytische Ontologie\uFF09\u4E2D\u4E3B\u8981\u7528\u4F5C\u540C\u7FA9\u8A5E\u3002\u5728\u8A08\u7B97\u6A5F\u79D1\u5B78\u4E2D\uFF0C\u57FA\u65BC\u54F2\u5B78\u8853\u8A9E\uFF0C\u5F62\u5F0F\u8868\u793A\u7CFB\u7D71\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1Aformale Repr\u00E4sentationssysteme\uFF09\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u201C\u672C\u9AD4\u201D\u3002"@zh . . . "L'ontologia, una delle branche fondamentali della filosofia, \u00E8 lo studio dell'essere in quanto tale, nonch\u00E9 delle sue categorie fondamentali. Il termine deriva dal greco \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, \u00F2ntos (genitivo singolare del participio presente del verbo \u03B5\u1F36\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9, \u00E8inai, \u00ABessere\u00BB) e da \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2, l\u00F2gos (\u00ABdiscorso\u00BB), e quindi letteralmente significa \u00ABdiscorso sull'essere\u00BB, ma pu\u00F2 anche derivare direttamente da \u03C4\u03AC \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1, ovvero \"gli enti\", variamente interpretabili in base alle diverse posizioni filosofiche. Parmenide, considerato il fondatore dell'ontologia"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ontologia"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5B58\u5728\u8AD6\uFF08\u305D\u3093\u3056\u3044\u308D\u3093\u3001\u82F1: ontology\u3001\u72EC: Ontologie\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u9580\u3002\u3055\u307E\u3056\u307E\u306B\u5B58\u5728\u3059\u308B\u3082\u306E\uFF08\u5B58\u5728\u8005\uFF09\u306E\u500B\u5225\u306E\u6027\u8CEA\u3092\u554F\u3046\u306E\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u5B58\u5728\u8005\u3092\u5B58\u5728\u3055\u305B\u308B\u5B58\u5728\u306A\u308B\u3082\u306E\u306E\u610F\u5473\u3084\u6839\u672C\u898F\u5B9A\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u53D6\u308A\u7D44\u3080\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3001\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B66\u306A\u3044\u3057\u305D\u306E\u4E00\u5206\u91CE\u3068\u3055\u308C\u3001\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u3068\u4E26\u3076\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u4E3B\u8981\u5206\u91CE\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u672C\u4F53\u8BBA (\u54F2\u5B66)"@zh . . . . . . . "\uC874\uC7AC\uB860(\u5B58\u5728\u8AD6)\uC740 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uC758 \uBD84\uB958\uC640 \uC2E4\uC7AC\uC758 \uAE30\uCD08 \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB294 (\uC774\uB860) \uCCA0\uD559\uC758 \uD55C \uBD84\uACFC\uC774\uB2E4. \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC758 \uB300\uC0C1 \uC601\uC5ED\uC740 \"\uBCF4\uD3B8 \uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559\"\uC73C\uB85C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uB984\uACFC \uC0C1\uB2F9 \uBD80\uBD84 \uC77C\uCE58\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC740 \uC874\uC7AC\uD559(\u5B58\u5728\u5B78)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uBD88\uB9AC\uBA70, \uC790\uC5F0\uC774\uB098 \uC815\uC2E0 \uB4F1\uC758 \uD2B9\uC218\uD55C \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uC778 \uD55C \uACF5\uD1B5\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C0\uB2C8\uB294 \uAC83, \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uC9C0\uB2C8\uB294 \uADFC\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uADDC\uC815\uC744 \uACE0\uCC30\uD558\uB294, \uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559\uC758 \uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uC774\uB2E4. \uADFC\uC138 \uCD08\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC0DD\uAE34 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC774\uC9C0\uB9CC \uADF8 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC740 \uACE0\uB300\uBD80\uD130 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC544\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD1A0\uD154\uB808\uC2A4\uC758 \uC81C1\uCCA0\uD559(\uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559)\uC740 \uC874\uC7AC\uD559(\u5B58\u5728\u5B78)\uC774\uBA70, \uC911\uC138\uC758 \uC2A4\uCF5C\uB77C \uCCA0\uD559\uC740 \uC774\uB97C \uACC4\uC2B9\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADFC\uC138\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uC640 \uBCFC\uD504\uB294 \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC744 \uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559\uC758 \uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uC774\uB77C \uD558\uC5EC \uD2B9\uC218\uC874\uC7AC\uB97C \uB17C\uD558\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uBD80\uBB38\uC758 \uCD1D\uB860\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uCE78\uD2B8\uB294 \uC874\uC7AC\uB860(\uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559)\uC744 \uB3C5\uB2E8\uB860\uC774\uB77C \uD558\uC5EC \uBD80\uC815\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uCE78\uD2B8 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC0C8\uB85C\uC774 \uBD80\uD65C\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uD2B9\uD788 \uD5E4\uAC94\uC758 \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC774 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300\uC5D0 \uC640\uC11C\uB294 \uD558\uB974\uD2B8\uB9CC, \uD558\uC774\uB370\uAC70, \uB4E4\uB8B0\uC988\uAC00 \uD2B9\uC218\uD55C \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "L'ontologia, una delle branche fondamentali della filosofia, \u00E8 lo studio dell'essere in quanto tale, nonch\u00E9 delle sue categorie fondamentali. Il termine deriva dal greco \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, \u00F2ntos (genitivo singolare del participio presente del verbo \u03B5\u1F36\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9, \u00E8inai, \u00ABessere\u00BB) e da \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2, l\u00F2gos (\u00ABdiscorso\u00BB), e quindi letteralmente significa \u00ABdiscorso sull'essere\u00BB, ma pu\u00F2 anche derivare direttamente da \u03C4\u03AC \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1, ovvero \"gli enti\", variamente interpretabili in base alle diverse posizioni filosofiche. Parmenide, considerato il fondatore dell'ontologia"@it . . . . . "Ontologi (av grekiskans on, genitiv ontos \u2019varande\u2019 och logia \u2019l\u00E4ra\u2019, av logos \u2019ord\u2019) \u00E4r inom filosofin, antropologin och andra besl\u00E4ktade vetenskaper, namnet p\u00E5 l\u00E4ran om det varande g\u00E4llande hur v\u00E4rlden eller tingen \u00E4r beskaffade och vilka deras v\u00E4sensbetingade drag \u00E4r. En grundl\u00E4ggande del av ontologin \u00E4r att f\u00F6rs\u00F6ka beskriva vilka egenskaper som ligger i ett tings natur (v\u00E4sen), och vilka som \u00E4r accidenser. Om ett ting saknar en av de egenskaper som ligger i dess natur, s\u00E5 kallas det att tinget har en ontologisk , det vill s\u00E4ga det \u00E4r utan en del av sitt vara. En ontologisk privation inneb\u00E4r inte att f\u00F6rem\u00E5let upph\u00F6r att vara vad det \u00E4r i ontologisk mening, utan endast att det \u00E4r i avsaknad av detta n\u00E5got. Till exempel har en m\u00E4nniska som \u00E4r blind, en ontologisk privation i det att syn \u00E4r en del av m\u00E4nniskans natur, men den personen upph\u00F6r inte att vara av naturen m\u00E4nniska p\u00E5 grund av det. Ontologin utg\u00E5r i regel fr\u00E5n att varat kan indelas i olika niv\u00E5er. Man utg\u00E5r i dessa resonemang fr\u00E5n statusarna abstrakter, substanser och egenskaper, och ibland \u00E4ven tid. Detta har en parallell i Bertrand Russells typteori. En annan viktig fr\u00E5ga inom ontologin \u00E4r att utr\u00F6na skillnaden mellan varat och det varande. Ontologin och dess begrepp \u00E4r viktig i best\u00E4mmandet och definitionen av v\u00E4sen och av fiktioner."@sv . . . "\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062A\u062C\u0631\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Ontology)\u200F (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629\u00BB \u0648-\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0644\u060C \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629) \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0647\u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0627. \u064A\u062F\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u062B \u0641\u064A \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064A\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064A \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 (being) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F (existence) \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0648\u0625\u064A\u062C\u0627\u062F \u0623\u064A \u0643\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 (entities) \u0648\u0623\u064A \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062B\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (reality)."@ar . . . . "San fheals\u00FAnacht, is ionann an ointeola\u00EDocht (\u00F3n Gr\u00E9igis \u1F44\u03BD, ginideach \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2: \u03B5\u1F36\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9: bheith) agus -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1: eola\u00EDocht, staid\u00E9ar, teoiric) agus an taighde a dh\u00E9antar ar an mbeith n\u00F3 ar an , agus is \u00E9 at\u00E1 idir l\u00E1mhaibh ag na hointeolaithe n\u00E1 bunchatag\u00F3ir\u00ED agus bunchoibhnis na beithe n\u00F3 an eisidh le bheith in ann beitheanna agus cine\u00E1lacha de bheitheanna a shainmh\u00EDni\u00FA taobh istigh d'fhr\u00E1ma na r\u00E9altachta. Is f\u00E9idir a r\u00E1 gurb \u00E9 an d\u00F3igh a gcoincheaptar an r\u00E9altacht is \u00E1bhar staid\u00E9ir don ointeola\u00ED."@ga . . "Ontologia \u2013 podstawowy (obok epistemologii i aksjologii) dzia\u0142 filozofii staraj\u0105cy si\u0119 bada\u0107 struktur\u0119 rzeczywisto\u015Bci i zajmuj\u0105cy si\u0119 problematyk\u0105 zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z poj\u0119ciami bytu, istoty, istnienia i jego sposob\u00F3w, przedmiotu i jego w\u0142asno\u015Bci, przyczynowo\u015Bci, czasu, przestrzeni, konieczno\u015Bci i mo\u017Cliwo\u015Bci."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ontologia"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ontology"@en . "L'ontologie est une branche de la philosophie qui, dans son sens le plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ral, s'interroge sur la signification du mot \u00AB \u00EAtre \u00BB. \u00AB Qu'est-ce que l'\u00EAtre ? \u00BB est une question consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme inaugurale, c'est-\u00E0-dire premi\u00E8re dans le temps et premi\u00E8re dans l'ordre de la connaissance. Elle est celle des premiers penseurs de la Gr\u00E8ce antique, tels Parm\u00E9nide et Platon. Elle d\u00E9borde tr\u00E8s largement le strict cadre de la m\u00E9taphysique qui, n\u00E9e chez Aristote, \u00E9tudie les diff\u00E9rentes modalit\u00E9s et propri\u00E9t\u00E9s de l'\u00EAtre (ne posant d\u00E9j\u00E0 plus de probl\u00E8me en soi), avec quoi on a tendance \u00E0 la confondre. Il faut \u00E9galement distinguer l'ontologie en tant que telle de l'ousiologie, laquelle est la science de l'\u00EAtre entendu en tant qu'essence. Le terme \u00AB ontologie \u00BB, comme celui de m\u00E9taphysique dans sa signification moderne, n'appara\u00EEt que bien plus tard, au d\u00E9but du XVIIe si\u00E8cle, o\u00F9 il prend le sens de \u00AB philosophie de l'\u00EAtre \u00BB, mais aussi de \u00AB science premi\u00E8re \u00BB. \u00C0 suivre Aristote, \u00AB Il y a une science qui \u00E9tudie l'\u00EAtre en tant qu'\u00EAtre, et les attributs qui lui appartiennent essentiellement. Elle ne se confond avec aucune de ces sciences particuli\u00E8res, car aucune de ces autres sciences dites particuli\u00E8res ne consid\u00E8re en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral l'\u00CAtre en tant qu'\u00EAtre, mais d\u00E9coupant une certaine partie de l'\u00CAtre c'est seulement de cette partie qu'elles \u00E9tudient l'attribut. \u00BB \u00C0 partir de cette d\u00E9finition, \u00AB la tradition a parfois compris cette ontologie aristot\u00E9licienne comme d\u00E9signant \u00E0 la fois une m\u00E9taphysique g\u00E9n\u00E9rale ou des premiers principes, charg\u00E9s du discours sur l'\u00EAtre, et une m\u00E9taphysique sp\u00E9ciale qui traite de l'\u00E2me, du monde et de Dieu. \u00BB Selon Heidegger, ce dont traitent Aristote et ses successeurs, c'est moins de la \u00AB question de l'\u00EAtre \u00BB en tant que telle, qui demeurera fix\u00E9e pour lui et ses successeurs dans la m\u00E9taphysique, que des multiples significations de l'\u00EAtre \u2014 l'\u00EAtre entendu comme \u00E9tant, les cat\u00E9gories, l'\u00EAtre comme vrai, l'\u00EAtre par soi, le devenir \u2014 selon les distinctions rep\u00E9r\u00E9es par Franz Brentano. La \u00AB scolastique \u00BB reprendra cette doctrine en r\u00E9interpr\u00E9tant \u00E0 son tour la \u00AB question de l'\u00EAtre \u00BB comme m\u00E9taphysique g\u00E9n\u00E9rale, c'est-\u00E0-dire comme science des premiers principes, appel\u00E9s aussi \u00AB transcendantaux \u00BB au sens o\u00F9 ils renvoient aux d\u00E9terminations communes \u00E0 tous les \u00EAtres. \u00C0 cette m\u00E9taphysique g\u00E9n\u00E9rale, on opposera la m\u00E9taphysique sp\u00E9ciale ou \u00AB th\u00E9ologie \u00BB, traitant de la question de Dieu."@fr . . "Ontologio"@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ontologi merupakan salah satu kajian filsafat yang paling kuno dan berasal dari Yunani. Studi tersebut membahas keberadaan sesuatu yang bersifat konkret. Tokoh Yunani yang memiliki pandangan yang bersifat ontologis dikenal seperti Thales, Plato, dan Aristoteles. Pada masanya, kebanyakan orang belum membedakan antara penampakan dengan kenyataan. Thales terkenal sebagai filsuf yang pernah sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa air merupakan substansi terdalam yang merupakan asal mula segala sesuatu. Namun yang lebih penting ialah pendiriannya bahwa mungkin sekali segala sesuatu itu berasal dari satu substansi belaka (sehingga sesuatu itu tidak bisa dianggap ada berdiri sendiri). Hakikat kenyataan atau realitas memang bisa didekati ontologi dengan dua macam sudut pandang: 1. \n* kuantitatif, yaitu dengan mempertanyakan apakah kenyataan itu tunggal atau jamak? 2. \n* Kualitatif, yaitu dengan mempertanyakan apakah kenyataan (realitas) tersebut memiliki kualitas tertentu, seperti misalnya daun yang memiliki warna kehijauan, bunga mawar yang berbau harum. Secara sederhana ontologi bisa dirumuskan sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari realitas atau kenyataan konkret secara kritis."@in . . "Ontologio (de la greka \u03BF\u03BD [on] = estanta, \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 [logos] = vorto, parolo) estas fako ene de la filozofio, pli precize ene de la metafiziko. \u011Ci okupi\u011Das pri ekzisto kaj la kategorioj de ekzisto, provante eltrovi kiaj entoj ekzistas."@eo . . . "L'ontologie est une branche de la philosophie qui, dans son sens le plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ral, s'interroge sur la signification du mot \u00AB \u00EAtre \u00BB. \u00AB Qu'est-ce que l'\u00EAtre ? \u00BB est une question consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme inaugurale, c'est-\u00E0-dire premi\u00E8re dans le temps et premi\u00E8re dans l'ordre de la connaissance. Elle est celle des premiers penseurs de la Gr\u00E8ce antique, tels Parm\u00E9nide et Platon. Elle d\u00E9borde tr\u00E8s largement le strict cadre de la m\u00E9taphysique qui, n\u00E9e chez Aristote, \u00E9tudie les diff\u00E9rentes modalit\u00E9s et propri\u00E9t\u00E9s de l'\u00EAtre (ne posant d\u00E9j\u00E0 plus de probl\u00E8me en soi), avec quoi on a tendance \u00E0 la confondre. Il faut \u00E9galement distinguer l'ontologie en tant que telle de l'ousiologie, laquelle est la science de l'\u00EAtre entendu en tant qu'essence."@fr . "De ontologie (van het Grieks \u1F40\u03BD = zijnde en \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 = woord, leer) of zijnsleer is onderdeel van de metafysica, de filosofische tak die het wezen onderzoekt dat achter de waargenomen werkelijkheid schuilgaat. De ontologie onderzoekt en beschrijft de eigenschappen, of breder: het zijn van het geheel van dingen, \"entiteiten\" of zijnden, waarvan aangenomen wordt dat ze bestaan of beter: zijn. De klassieke ontologie probeert, op grond van hun eigenschappen, de entiteiten vervolgens in te delen in fundamentele categorie\u00EBn. Daarom wordt de ontologie soms ook wel 'categorietheorie' genoemd."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF \u039F\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03C3\u03BF\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B6\u03AE\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03CD\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03C1\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u038C\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, \u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u038C\u03BD\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD (\u039F\u03BD= \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03AF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7). \u03A3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03C3\u03BF\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B7 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF. \u038C\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03BD\u03CD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C7\u03AD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1, \u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1, \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03AE \u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1, \u03B5\u03C3\u03B5\u03BD\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 (essentialismus) \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BB\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BB\u03AD\u03BE\u03B7 essentia (\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1). \u038C\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03BF \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1, \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B5\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2, \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 (personalismus) \u03AE \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1. \u038C\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B4\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1\u03B9\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03CE\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03AE \u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC874\uC7AC\uB860(\u5B58\u5728\u8AD6)\uC740 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uC758 \uBD84\uB958\uC640 \uC2E4\uC7AC\uC758 \uAE30\uCD08 \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uB2E4\uB8E8\uB294 (\uC774\uB860) \uCCA0\uD559\uC758 \uD55C \uBD84\uACFC\uC774\uB2E4. \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC758 \uB300\uC0C1 \uC601\uC5ED\uC740 \"\uBCF4\uD3B8 \uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559\"\uC73C\uB85C \uBD88\uB9AC\uB294 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC778 \uC774\uB984\uACFC \uC0C1\uB2F9 \uBD80\uBD84 \uC77C\uCE58\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC740 \uC874\uC7AC\uD559(\u5B58\u5728\u5B78)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uBD88\uB9AC\uBA70, \uC790\uC5F0\uC774\uB098 \uC815\uC2E0 \uB4F1\uC758 \uD2B9\uC218\uD55C \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uC778 \uD55C \uACF5\uD1B5\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C0\uB2C8\uB294 \uAC83, \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uC9C0\uB2C8\uB294 \uADFC\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uADDC\uC815\uC744 \uACE0\uCC30\uD558\uB294, \uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559\uC758 \uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uC774\uB2E4. \uADFC\uC138 \uCD08\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC0DD\uAE34 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC774\uC9C0\uB9CC \uADF8 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC740 \uACE0\uB300\uBD80\uD130 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC544\uB9AC\uC2A4\uD1A0\uD154\uB808\uC2A4\uC758 \uC81C1\uCCA0\uD559(\uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559)\uC740 \uC874\uC7AC\uD559(\u5B58\u5728\u5B78)\uC774\uBA70, \uC911\uC138\uC758 \uC2A4\uCF5C\uB77C \uCCA0\uD559\uC740 \uC774\uB97C \uACC4\uC2B9\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADFC\uC138\uC5D0 \uB4E4\uC5B4\uC640 \uBCFC\uD504\uB294 \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC744 \uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559\uC758 \uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uC774\uB77C \uD558\uC5EC \uD2B9\uC218\uC874\uC7AC\uB97C \uB17C\uD558\uB294 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uBD80\uBB38\uC758 \uCD1D\uB860\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uCE78\uD2B8\uB294 \uC874\uC7AC\uB860(\uD615\uC774\uC0C1\uD559)\uC744 \uB3C5\uB2E8\uB860\uC774\uB77C \uD558\uC5EC \uBD80\uC815\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uCE78\uD2B8 \uC774\uD6C4 \uC0C8\uB85C\uC774 \uBD80\uD65C\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uD2B9\uD788 \uD5E4\uAC94\uC758 \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC774 \uC8FC\uBAA9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300\uC5D0 \uC640\uC11C\uB294 \uD558\uB974\uD2B8\uB9CC, \uD558\uC774\uB370\uAC70, \uB4E4\uB8B0\uC988\uAC00 \uD2B9\uC218\uD55C \uC874\uC7AC\uB860\uC744 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . "127439"^^ . . . . . . . . "San fheals\u00FAnacht, is ionann an ointeola\u00EDocht (\u00F3n Gr\u00E9igis \u1F44\u03BD, ginideach \u1F44\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2: \u03B5\u1F36\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9: bheith) agus -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1: eola\u00EDocht, staid\u00E9ar, teoiric) agus an taighde a dh\u00E9antar ar an mbeith n\u00F3 ar an , agus is \u00E9 at\u00E1 idir l\u00E1mhaibh ag na hointeolaithe n\u00E1 bunchatag\u00F3ir\u00ED agus bunchoibhnis na beithe n\u00F3 an eisidh le bheith in ann beitheanna agus cine\u00E1lacha de bheitheanna a shainmh\u00EDni\u00FA taobh istigh d'fhr\u00E1ma na r\u00E9altachta. Is f\u00E9idir a r\u00E1 gurb \u00E9 an d\u00F3igh a gcoincheaptar an r\u00E9altacht is \u00E1bhar staid\u00E9ir don ointeola\u00ED. Deir feals\u00FAna \u00E1irithe, iad si\u00FAd at\u00E1 faoi thionchar Phlat\u00F3in thar aon dream eile acu, go dtagra\u00EDonn gach ainmfhocal do bheith ar leith. T\u00E1 feals\u00FAna eile ann agus an tuiscint acu nach amhlaidh at\u00E1, ach go bhfuil ainmfhocail ann a thagra\u00EDonn do chruinneag\u00E1in de r\u00E9ada n\u00F3 d'imeachta\u00ED. De r\u00E9ir an dearcaidh seo, n\u00ED thagra\u00EDonn an focal \u00FAd intinn d'aon rud amh\u00E1in, ach d'ioml\u00E1n na n-imeachta\u00ED intinne a dt\u00E9ann an duine tr\u00EDothu. Cos\u00FAil leis sin, tagra\u00EDonn an focal \u00FAd socha\u00ED do chruinneag\u00E1n de dhaoine a bhfuil saintr\u00E9ithe ar leith ag baint le gach mac m\u00E1thar agus in\u00EDon athar acu."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'ontologia \u00E9s l'estudi de l'\u00E9sser o de l'exist\u00E8ncia. T\u00E9 com a objectiu descriure o posar les categories i relacions b\u00E0siques de l'\u00E9sser o de l'exist\u00E8ncia per a definir els ens i els tipus d'ens dins d'aquest context. L'ontologia tamb\u00E9 pot definir-se com l'estudi de les concepcions de la realitat. L'ontologia sovint, per\u00F2 no sempre, t\u00E9 una relaci\u00F3 estreta amb la metaf\u00EDsica. Hom podria dir que l'ontologia fou suggerida indirectament per primer cop per Anaximandre, i que fou definida per primer cop per Parm\u00E8nides."@ca . . "\u041E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0433\u0456\u044F (\u043B\u0430\u0442. ontologia \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432.-\u0433\u0440. \u03CE\u03BD, \u0440\u043E\u0434. \u0432. \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435, \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0456 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430) \u2014 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044F; \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457, \u0443 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0437'\u044F\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E. \u041F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0442\u044F \u00AB\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F\u00BB \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u043B\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0443 \u0444\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0457."@uk . . . . . . . . . . "1123897381"^^ . .