@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbr: . @prefix yago: . dbr:Nitration rdf:type yago:WikicatOrganicReactions , yago:WikicatChemicalReactions , yago:Process100029677 , yago:NaturalProcess113518963 , yago:WikicatSubstitutionReactions , yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 , yago:ChemicalProcess113446390 . @prefix owl: . dbr:Nitration rdf:type owl:Thing , yago:ChemicalReaction113447361 . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:Nitration rdfs:label "\u785D\u5316\u53CD\u5E94"@zh , "\u0646\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0629"@ar , "Nitraci\u00F3n"@es , "\u041D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru , "Nitrace"@cs , "Nitrierung"@de , "Nitrering"@sv , "Nitrowanie"@pl , "Nitrazione"@it , "Nitration"@en , "Nitraci\u00F3"@ca , "Nitrasi"@in , "Nitra\u00E7\u00E3o"@pt , "\uB098\uC774\uD2B8\uB85C\uD654 \uBC18\uC751"@ko , "\u041D\u0456\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F"@uk , "Nitrering (verestering)"@nl , "Nitration"@fr ; rdfs:comment "\u041D\u0456\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F (\u0440\u043E\u0441. \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. nitration) \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u044E\u043D\u0456\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 (\u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0448 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0456\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438), \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u044E\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430 H \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F:"@uk , "La nitraci\u00F3n es un proceso qu\u00EDmico general para la introducci\u00F3n de un grupo nitro en un compuesto qu\u00EDmico mediante una reacci\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica. Ejemplos de nitraciones simples son la conversi\u00F3n de glicerina en nitroglicerina con \u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico y sulf\u00FArico, la de la con \u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico en anh\u00EDdrido ac\u00E9tico para obtener \u200B y la conversi\u00F3n de \u03B1-bromobutirato de etilo en \u03B1-nitrobutirato de etilo con nitrito s\u00F3dico.\u200B"@es , "Nitrace je chemick\u00E1 reakce, p\u0159i kter\u00E9 doch\u00E1z\u00ED k nav\u00E1z\u00E1n\u00ED nitroskupiny na (R). Chemick\u00E9 reakce a v\u00FDrobn\u00ED postupy, p\u0159i kter\u00FDch p\u016Fsoben\u00EDm kyseliny dusi\u010Dn\u00E9 (obvykle ve sm\u011Bs\u00EDch s r\u016Fzn\u011B koncentrovanou kyselinou s\u00EDrovou, takzvanou nitra\u010Dn\u00ED sm\u011Bs\u00ED) vznikaj\u00ED z organick\u00FDch slou\u010Denin nitroslou\u010Deniny. Nap\u0159\u00EDklad nitrac\u00ED alifatick\u00FDch hydroxyslou\u010Denin se z\u00EDsk\u00E1vaj\u00ED jejich estery, nitr\u00E1ty (nap\u0159. nitroglycerin, nitroglykoly). Obdobn\u011B p\u016Fsoben\u00EDm na aromatick\u00E9 uhlovod\u00EDky nebo jejich substitu\u010Dn\u00ED deriv\u00E1ty (elektrofiln\u00ED aromatick\u00E1 substituce) se z\u00EDsk\u00E1vaj\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDslu\u0161n\u00E9 nitroslou\u010Deniny (nap\u0159. nitrobenzen, nitrotolueny). Nitrace prob\u00EDh\u00E1 v provozn\u011B n\u00E1ro\u010Dn\u00FDch podm\u00EDnk\u00E1ch (toxicita l\u00E1tek, riziko exploz\u00ED, korozn\u00ED probl\u00E9my)."@cs , "Nitrasi adalah kelompok umum proses kimia yang bertujuan memasukkan ke dalam senyawa kimia organik. Istilah ini juga diterapkan secara salah pada proses yang berbeda yaitu pembentukan ester nitrat antara alkohol dan asam nitrat, yang terjadi pada sintesis nitrogliserin. Perbedaan antara struktur yang dihasilkan antara senyawa nitro dan nitrat adalah bahwa atom nitrogen dalam senyawa nitro terikat langsung dengan atom non-oksigen, biasanya karbon atau atom nitrogen lainnya. Sementara ester nitrat, atau disebut juga organonitrat, nitrogen berikatan langsung dengan suatu atom oksigen yang biasanya terikat ke atom karbon."@in , "La nitration est une r\u00E9action chimique qui permet d'introduire un ou plusieurs groupes nitro NO2 dans une mol\u00E9cule. C'est une r\u00E9action qui fait partie des plus importantes en chimie industrielle avec la chloration et la sulfonation."@fr , "\uB098\uC774\uD2B8\uB85C\uD654 \uBC18\uC751 \uB610\uB294 \uB098\uC774\uD2B8\uB808\uC774\uC158(Nitration)\uC740 (nitro group)\uC744 \uC720\uAE30 \uD654\uD569\uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB3C4\uC785\uD558\uB294 \uC720\uAE30 \uBC18\uC751\uC774\uB2E4. (aromatic nitration) \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko , "La nitrazione \u00E8 una reazione chimica con cui si introduce in un composto organico uno o pi\u00F9 gruppi nitro -NO2, derivati dall'acido nitrico. Esempi semplici di nitrazione sono la conversione del glicerolo in nitroglicerina per azione di acido nitrico e acido solforico e la conversione di 2-bromoesteri nei corrispondenti 2-nitroesteri per azione del nitrito di sodio."@it , "In organic chemistry, nitration is a general class of chemical processes for the introduction of a nitro group into an organic compound. The term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters between alcohols and nitric acid (as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin). The difference between the resulting molecular structures of nitro compounds and nitrates is that the nitrogen atom in nitro compounds is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom (typically carbon or another nitrogen atom), whereas in nitrate esters (also called organic nitrates), the nitrogen is bonded to an oxygen atom that in turn usually is bonded to a carbon atom (nitrito group)."@en , "Die Nitrierung ist in der Chemie das Einf\u00FChren einer Nitrogruppe (\u2013NO2) in ein organisches Molek\u00FCl. Aus historischen Gr\u00FCnden werden Nitrate zum Teil als Nitroverbindung bezeichnet, so Glycerintrinitrat als Nitroglyzerin. Nitroverbindungen besitzen jedoch eine C-N-O-Bindung, im Gegensatz zu Nitraten, die eine C-O-N-Bindung aufweisen."@de , "Nitrowanie \u2013 reakcja chemiczna polegaj\u0105ca na wymianie (substytucji) atomu wodoru (lub rzadziej innego jednowarto\u015Bciowego podstawnika) w zwi\u0105zku organicznym na grup\u0119 nitrow\u0105 (\u2212NO2). W wyniku nitrowania tworz\u0105 si\u0119 zwi\u0105zki nitrowe."@pl , "A nitra\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 a introdu\u00E7\u00E3o irrevers\u00EDvel de um ou mais grupo nitro (NO2) em uma mol\u00E9cula org\u00E2nica. O grupo nitro pode atacar um carbono para formar um nitrocomposto (alif\u00E1tico ou arom\u00E1tico), um oxig\u00EAnio para formar \u00E9ster nitrado ou um nitrog\u00EAnio para obter N-nitro compostos. O sistema \u00E1cidosulf\u00FArico/\u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico, denominado mistura sulfon\u00EDtrica, \u00E9 o reagente mais comum em nitra\u00E7\u00E3o. A nitra\u00E7\u00E3o arom\u00E1tica consiste na substitui\u00E7\u00E3o de um hidrog\u00EAnio do anel arom\u00E1tico pelo NO2, oriundo do \u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico.Obs: rea\u00E7\u00F5es de Nitra\u00E7\u00E3o sempre liberam H2O.As etapas de nitra\u00E7\u00E3o do benzeno s\u00E3o:"@pt , "La nitraci\u00F3 \u00E9s un proc\u00E9s qu\u00EDmic general per la introducci\u00F3 del grup funcional nitro dins un compost qu\u00EDmic. L'aplicaci\u00F3 dominant de la nitraci\u00F3 \u00E9s per produir nitrobenz\u00E0, el precursor del . Les nitracions es fan servir per produir explosius, per exemple la conversi\u00F3 de la glicerina a nitroglicerina i la conversi\u00F3 del tolu\u00E8 a trinitrotolu\u00E8. Milions de tones de nitroarom\u00E0tics es produeixen cada any."@ca , "Nitrering \u00E4r en kemisk reaktion vid vilken en nitrogrupp (-NO2) inf\u00F6rs i en molekyl, vanligen genom att en v\u00E4teatom ers\u00E4tts. Aromatiska kolv\u00E4ten kan nitreras till exempel med en blandning av salpetersyra och svavelsyra (\"nitrersyra\"), medan alifatiska kolv\u00E4ten nitreras med salpetersyra i gasfas vid h\u00F6g temperatur. Nitrering utnyttjas vid framst\u00E4llning av en rad produkter inom den kemisk-tekniska industrin. Nitrering \u00E4r \u00E4ven ett av tillverkningss\u00E4tten f\u00F6r spr\u00E4ng\u00E4mnen som TNT och dyl."@sv , "Een nitrering is een organische reactie waarbij een alcoholfunctie wordt veresterd met salpeterzuur en op die manier wordt omgezet in een ."@nl , "\u785D\u5316\u662F\u5411\u6709\u673A\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5B50\u4E2D\u5F15\u5165\u785D\u57FA\uFF08\uFF0DNO2\uFF09\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u785D\u57FA\u5C31\u662F\u785D\u9178\u5931\u53BB\u4E00\u4E2A\u7F9F\u57FA\u5F62\u6210\u7684\u4E00\u4EF7\u7684\u57FA\u56E2\u3002\u82B3\u9999\u65CF\u5316\u5408\u7269\u785D\u5316\u7684\u53CD\u61C9\u673A\u7406\u70BA\uFF1A\u785D\u9178\u7684\uFF0DOH\u57FA\u88AB\u8CEA\u5B50\u5316\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u88AB\u812B\u6C34\u5291\u812B\u53BB\u4E00\u5206\u5B50\u7684\u6C34\u5F62\u6210\u785D\u9170\u6B63\u79BB\u5B50\uFF08nitronium ion\uFF0CNO2+\uFF09\u4E2D\u9593\u9AD4\uFF0C\u6700\u5F8C\u548C\u82EF\u74B0\u884C\u89AA\u96FB\u82B3\u9999\u53D6\u4EE3\u53CD\u61C9\uFF0C\u4E26\u812B\u53BB\u4E00\u5206\u5B50\u7684\u6C2B\u96E2\u5B50\u3002\u6A5F\u7406\u5982\u4E0B\uFF1A 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"\u041D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u2014NO2 \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044B \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443, \u043D\u0443\u043A\u043B\u0435\u043E\u0444\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043E\u043D \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F NO2+, \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442-\u0438\u043E\u043D NO2- \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B NO2\u2022. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0432 C, N, O \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u043F\u043E \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438."@ru , "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062A\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A.\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062A\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A \u0646\u062A\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064A\u0646. \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0631\u062A \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0648\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0643."@ar ; owl:differentFrom dbr:Nitrification , dbr:Nitrosation . @prefix foaf: . dbr:Nitration foaf:depiction . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Nitration dcterms:subject dbc:Substitution_reactions , dbc:Nitration_reactions . @prefix dbo: . dbr:Nitration dbo:wikiPageID 692867 ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1097151271 ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Reaction_rate , dbr:Amino , dbr:Ether , dbr:Hydroxyl , dbr:Tert-butanol , dbr:Single_electron_transfer , dbr:Acetyl_nitrate , dbr:Amide , , dbr:Catalyst , dbr:Sulfuric_acid , dbr:Arene_substitution_pattern , dbr:Phase-transfer_catalyst , dbc:Substitution_reactions , dbr:Electrophilic_aromatic_substitution , dbc:Nitration_reactions , dbr:Chemical_bond , dbr:Nitro_group , dbr:Trinitrotoluene , dbr:Triflate , dbr:Nitric_acid , dbr:Chemical_process , dbr:Cyano , , dbr:Reaction_intermediate , dbr:Nitrate , dbr:Ketone , dbr:Nitrobenzene , dbr:Deactivating_group , dbr:Ester , dbr:Organic_synthesis , , dbr:Methyl , , dbr:Nitro_compound , dbr:Zincke_nitration , dbr:Aniline , dbr:Aromatic_meta_position , dbr:Nitrogen , dbr:Sodium_nitrite , dbr:Activating_group , , dbr:Nitronium_ion , dbr:Sulfonyl , dbr:Nitronium_tetrafluoroborate , dbr:Carbon , dbr:Benzene , dbr:Organic_chemistry , dbr:Nitroglycerin , dbr:Carboxylate , dbr:Nitroguanidine , dbr:Organic_compound , dbr:Acetic_anhydride , dbr:Picric_acid , dbr:Reactive_nitrogen_species , dbr:Acetanilide , dbr:Fluorenone , , dbr:Menke_nitration , dbr:Oxygen , dbr:Toluene , dbr:Molecule , dbr:Guanidine . @prefix dbpedia-sl: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-sl:Nitracija , . @prefix yago-res: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs yago-res:Nitration . @prefix dbpedia-et: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-et:Nitreerimine . @prefix dbpedia-fi: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-fi:Nitraus , . @prefix dbpedia-fr: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-fr:Nitration , . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs wikidata:Q909607 , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-hr: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-hr:Nitracija . @prefix dbpedia-tr: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-tr:Nitrolama . @prefix dbpedia-it: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-it:Nitrazione . @prefix dbpedia-pl: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-pl:Nitrowanie , . @prefix dbpedia-ms: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-ms:Penitratan , , . @prefix dbpedia-id: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-id:Nitrasi , . @prefix dbpedia-sv: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-sv:Nitrering . @prefix dbpedia-cs: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-cs:Nitrace , . @prefix dbpedia-ro: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-ro:Nitrare , . @prefix dbpedia-de: . dbr:Nitration owl:sameAs dbpedia-de:Nitrierung , , , , , . @prefix dbp: . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Nitration dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Organic_reactions , dbt:Reflist , dbt:Distinguish ; dbo:thumbnail ; dbo:abstract "Nitrace je chemick\u00E1 reakce, p\u0159i kter\u00E9 doch\u00E1z\u00ED k nav\u00E1z\u00E1n\u00ED nitroskupiny na (R). Chemick\u00E9 reakce a v\u00FDrobn\u00ED postupy, p\u0159i kter\u00FDch p\u016Fsoben\u00EDm kyseliny dusi\u010Dn\u00E9 (obvykle ve sm\u011Bs\u00EDch s r\u016Fzn\u011B koncentrovanou kyselinou s\u00EDrovou, takzvanou nitra\u010Dn\u00ED sm\u011Bs\u00ED) vznikaj\u00ED z organick\u00FDch slou\u010Denin nitroslou\u010Deniny. Nap\u0159\u00EDklad nitrac\u00ED alifatick\u00FDch hydroxyslou\u010Denin se z\u00EDsk\u00E1vaj\u00ED jejich estery, nitr\u00E1ty (nap\u0159. nitroglycerin, nitroglykoly). Obdobn\u011B p\u016Fsoben\u00EDm na aromatick\u00E9 uhlovod\u00EDky nebo jejich substitu\u010Dn\u00ED deriv\u00E1ty (elektrofiln\u00ED aromatick\u00E1 substituce) se z\u00EDsk\u00E1vaj\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDslu\u0161n\u00E9 nitroslou\u010Deniny (nap\u0159. nitrobenzen, nitrotolueny). Nitrace prob\u00EDh\u00E1 v provozn\u011B n\u00E1ro\u010Dn\u00FDch podm\u00EDnk\u00E1ch (toxicita l\u00E1tek, riziko exploz\u00ED, korozn\u00ED probl\u00E9my). RH + HNO3 \u2192 RNO2 + H2O"@cs , "A nitra\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 a introdu\u00E7\u00E3o irrevers\u00EDvel de um ou mais grupo nitro (NO2) em uma mol\u00E9cula org\u00E2nica. O grupo nitro pode atacar um carbono para formar um nitrocomposto (alif\u00E1tico ou arom\u00E1tico), um oxig\u00EAnio para formar \u00E9ster nitrado ou um nitrog\u00EAnio para obter N-nitro compostos. O sistema \u00E1cidosulf\u00FArico/\u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico, denominado mistura sulfon\u00EDtrica, \u00E9 o reagente mais comum em nitra\u00E7\u00E3o. Por exemplo, a nitra\u00E7\u00E3o da glicerina seria da seguinte maneira:Aquecer o \u00E1cido sulf\u00FArico ( catalisador da rea\u00E7\u00E3o ) juntamente com o composto que se quer nitrar, por exemplo, glicerina (para formar nitroglicerina).Ap\u00F3s acrescenta-se lentamente, por gotejamento, o \u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico. A nitra\u00E7\u00E3o arom\u00E1tica consiste na substitui\u00E7\u00E3o de um hidrog\u00EAnio do anel arom\u00E1tico pelo NO2, oriundo do \u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico.Obs: rea\u00E7\u00F5es de Nitra\u00E7\u00E3o sempre liberam H2O.As etapas de nitra\u00E7\u00E3o do benzeno s\u00E3o: (1) 2H2SO4 + HNO3 \u2192 2HSO41- + NO2+ + H3O+ (2) C6H6 + NO2+ \u2192 C6H5NO2 + H+ (3) H+ + H3O+ + 2HSO41- \u2192 H2O + 2H2SO4"@pt , "\u041D\u0456\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F (\u0440\u043E\u0441. \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. nitration) \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u044E\u043D\u0456\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 (\u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0448 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0456\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438), \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043D\u044E\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430 H \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F:"@uk , "\u041D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u2014NO2 \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044B \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443, \u043D\u0443\u043A\u043B\u0435\u043E\u0444\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043E\u043D \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F NO2+, \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442-\u0438\u043E\u043D NO2- \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B NO2\u2022. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0432 C, N, O \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u043F\u043E \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438."@ru , "Nitrasi adalah kelompok umum proses kimia yang bertujuan memasukkan ke dalam senyawa kimia organik. Istilah ini juga diterapkan secara salah pada proses yang berbeda yaitu pembentukan ester nitrat antara alkohol dan asam nitrat, yang terjadi pada sintesis nitrogliserin. Perbedaan antara struktur yang dihasilkan antara senyawa nitro dan nitrat adalah bahwa atom nitrogen dalam senyawa nitro terikat langsung dengan atom non-oksigen, biasanya karbon atau atom nitrogen lainnya. Sementara ester nitrat, atau disebut juga organonitrat, nitrogen berikatan langsung dengan suatu atom oksigen yang biasanya terikat ke atom karbon. Ada banyak aplikasi industri yang melibatkan proses nitrasi; yang paling populer adalah produksi seperti nitrobenzena. Reaksi nitrasi digunakan pula untuk produksi bahan peledak, contohnya konversi guanidin menjadi dan konversi toluena menjadi trinitrotoluena. Meski demikian, ada banyak kegunaan penting lainnya seperti sebagai (intermediate) dan . Jutaan ton nitroaromatik diproduksi setiap tahunnya."@in , "In organic chemistry, nitration is a general class of chemical processes for the introduction of a nitro group into an organic compound. The term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters between alcohols and nitric acid (as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin). The difference between the resulting molecular structures of nitro compounds and nitrates is that the nitrogen atom in nitro compounds is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom (typically carbon or another nitrogen atom), whereas in nitrate esters (also called organic nitrates), the nitrogen is bonded to an oxygen atom that in turn usually is bonded to a carbon atom (nitrito group). There are many major industrial applications of nitration in the strict sense; the most important by volume are for the production of nitroaromatic compounds such as nitrobenzene. Nitration reactions are notably used for the production of explosives, for example the conversion of guanidine to nitroguanidine and the conversion of toluene to trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, they are of wide importance as chemical intermediates and precursors. Millions of tons of nitroaromatics are produced annually."@en , "La nitration est une r\u00E9action chimique qui permet d'introduire un ou plusieurs groupes nitro NO2 dans une mol\u00E9cule. C'est une r\u00E9action qui fait partie des plus importantes en chimie industrielle avec la chloration et la sulfonation."@fr , "Nitrowanie \u2013 reakcja chemiczna polegaj\u0105ca na wymianie (substytucji) atomu wodoru (lub rzadziej innego jednowarto\u015Bciowego podstawnika) w zwi\u0105zku organicznym na grup\u0119 nitrow\u0105 (\u2212NO2). W wyniku nitrowania tworz\u0105 si\u0119 zwi\u0105zki nitrowe."@pl , "La nitraci\u00F3n es un proceso qu\u00EDmico general para la introducci\u00F3n de un grupo nitro en un compuesto qu\u00EDmico mediante una reacci\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica. Ejemplos de nitraciones simples son la conversi\u00F3n de glicerina en nitroglicerina con \u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico y sulf\u00FArico, la de la con \u00E1cido n\u00EDtrico en anh\u00EDdrido ac\u00E9tico para obtener \u200B y la conversi\u00F3n de \u03B1-bromobutirato de etilo en \u03B1-nitrobutirato de etilo con nitrito s\u00F3dico.\u200B"@es , "La nitrazione \u00E8 una reazione chimica con cui si introduce in un composto organico uno o pi\u00F9 gruppi nitro -NO2, derivati dall'acido nitrico. Esempi semplici di nitrazione sono la conversione del glicerolo in nitroglicerina per azione di acido nitrico e acido solforico e la conversione di 2-bromoesteri nei corrispondenti 2-nitroesteri per azione del nitrito di sodio. A livello industriale, la maggior parte delle reazioni di nitrazione coinvolge i composti aromatici. Per azione di una miscela di acido nitrico e acido solforico (la cosiddetta miscela nitrante o solfonitrica) \u00E8 possibile inserire gruppi -NO2 sugli anelli dei composti aromatici, tramite una reazione di sostituzione elettrofila aromatica. La reazione porta all'introduzione nell'anello benzenico di un gruppo nitro (NO2). La reazione \u00E8 fondamentale per due principali motivi: \n* il nitrobenzene (prodotto di ) \u00E8 inerte alle reazioni di Friedel-Crafts e proprio per questo \u00E8 utilizzato come solvente per alchilazioni e acilazioni. \n* il gruppo nitro pu\u00F2 essere ridotto a gruppo amminico tramite il quale \u00E8 possibile ottenere i sali di diazonio che permettono la sintesi di svariati composti (reazioni tipo Sand-Mayer)."@it , "\u785D\u5316\u662F\u5411\u6709\u673A\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5B50\u4E2D\u5F15\u5165\u785D\u57FA\uFF08\uFF0DNO2\uFF09\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u785D\u57FA\u5C31\u662F\u785D\u9178\u5931\u53BB\u4E00\u4E2A\u7F9F\u57FA\u5F62\u6210\u7684\u4E00\u4EF7\u7684\u57FA\u56E2\u3002\u82B3\u9999\u65CF\u5316\u5408\u7269\u785D\u5316\u7684\u53CD\u61C9\u673A\u7406\u70BA\uFF1A\u785D\u9178\u7684\uFF0DOH\u57FA\u88AB\u8CEA\u5B50\u5316\uFF0C\u63A5\u8457\u88AB\u812B\u6C34\u5291\u812B\u53BB\u4E00\u5206\u5B50\u7684\u6C34\u5F62\u6210\u785D\u9170\u6B63\u79BB\u5B50\uFF08nitronium ion\uFF0CNO2+\uFF09\u4E2D\u9593\u9AD4\uFF0C\u6700\u5F8C\u548C\u82EF\u74B0\u884C\u89AA\u96FB\u82B3\u9999\u53D6\u4EE3\u53CD\u61C9\uFF0C\u4E26\u812B\u53BB\u4E00\u5206\u5B50\u7684\u6C2B\u96E2\u5B50\u3002\u6A5F\u7406\u5982\u4E0B\uFF1A \u5728\u6B64\u7A2E\u7684\u785D\u5316\u53CD\u61C9\u4E2D\u82B3\u9999\u74B0\u7684\u96FB\u5B50\u5BC6\u5EA6\u6703\u6C7A\u5B9A\u785D\u5316\u7684\u53CD\u61C9\u901F\u7387\uFF0C\u7576\u82B3\u9999\u74B0\u7684\u96FB\u5B50\u5BC6\u5EA6\u8D8A\u9AD8\uFF0C\u53CD\u61C9\u901F\u7387\u5C31\u8D8A\u5FEB\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u785D\u57FA\u672C\u8EAB\u70BA\u4E00\u500B\u89AA\u96FB\u9AD4\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u7576\u9032\u884C\u4E00\u6B21\u785D\u5316\u4E4B\u5F8C\u5F80\u5F80\u6703\u56E0\u70BA\u82B3\u9999\u74B0\u96FB\u5B50\u5BC6\u5EA6\u4E0B\u964D\u800C\u6291\u5236\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4EE5\u5F8C\u7684\u785D\u5316\u53CD\u61C9\u3002\u5FC5\u9808\u8981\u5728\u66F4\u5287\u70C8\u7684\u53CD\u61C9\u689D\u4EF6\uFF08\u4F8B\u5982\uFF1A\u9AD8\u6EAB\uFF09\u6216\u662F\u66F4\u5F37\u7684\u785D\u5316\u5291\u4E0B\u9032\u884C\u3002 \u5E38\u7528\u7684\u785D\u5316\u5242\u4E3B\u8981\u6709\u6D53\u785D\u9178\u3001\u53D1\u70DF\u785D\u9178\u3001\u6D53\u785D\u9178\u548C\u6D53\u786B\u9178\u7684\u6216\u662F\u812B\u6C34\u5291\u914D\u5408\u785D\u5316\u5291\u3002 \u812B\u6C34\u5291\uFF1A\u6FC3\u786B\u9178\u3001\u51B0\u918B\u9178\u3001\u4E59\u9150\u3001\u4E94\u6C27\u5316\u4E8C\u78F7\u785D\u5316\u5291\uFF1A\u785D\u9178\u3001\u4E94\u6C27\u5316\u4E8C\u6C2E\uFF08N2O5\uFF09 \u6709\u673A\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7ECF\u785D\u5316\u540E\u989C\u8272\u4F1A\u52A0\u91CD\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u5F15\u5165\u591A\u4E2A\u785D\u57FA\uFF0C\u5176\u6C27\u5316\u529F\u80FD\u4F1A\u975E\u5E38\u5F3A\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u6210\u4E3A\u7206\u70B8\u6027\u7269\u8D28\u3002\u5982\u9EC4\u8272\u70B8\u836FTNT\u5C31\u662F\u7532\u82EF\u7ECF\u785D\u5316\u751F\u6210\u7684\u4E09\u785D\u57FA\u7532\u82EF\uFF1B\u82EF\u7ECF\u785D\u5316\u5236\u5F97\u4EA7\u54C1\u4E3A\u785D\u57FA\u82EF\uFF0C\u662F\u5236\u9020\u67D3\u6599\u7684\u539F\u6599\uFF1B\u7532\u70F7\u7ECF\u6C14\u76F8\u785D\u5316\u5F97\u5230\u785D\u57FA\u7532\u70F7\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u706B\u7BAD\u71C3\u6599\uFF1B\u7EA4\u7EF4\u7ECF\u785D\u5316\u5F62\u6210\u4E00\u79CD\u900F\u660E\u5851\u6599-\u8D5B\u7490\u73DE\uFF0C\u6700\u65E9\u7528\u6765\u5236\u9020\u7535\u5F71\u80F6\u7247\uFF0C\u540E\u6765\u56E0\u4E3A\u6781\u5176\u6613\u71C3\uFF0C\u7ECF\u5E38\u5F15\u8D77\u7535\u5F71\u9662\u706B\u707E\uFF0C\u5DF2\u7ECF\u88AB\u6DD8\u6C70\u3002"@zh , "Nitrering \u00E4r en kemisk reaktion vid vilken en nitrogrupp (-NO2) inf\u00F6rs i en molekyl, vanligen genom att en v\u00E4teatom ers\u00E4tts. Aromatiska kolv\u00E4ten kan nitreras till exempel med en blandning av salpetersyra och svavelsyra (\"nitrersyra\"), medan alifatiska kolv\u00E4ten nitreras med salpetersyra i gasfas vid h\u00F6g temperatur. Nitrering utnyttjas vid framst\u00E4llning av en rad produkter inom den kemisk-tekniska industrin. Nitrering \u00E4r \u00E4ven ett av tillverkningss\u00E4tten f\u00F6r spr\u00E4ng\u00E4mnen som TNT och dyl. Nitrering \u00E4r \u00E4ven en metod att yth\u00E4rda st\u00E5l. St\u00E5let som ska h\u00E4rdas placeras i en gast\u00E4t ugn, man v\u00E4rmer st\u00E5let till ca 510-530 grader och tills\u00E4tter ammoniakgas. Resultatet blir en h\u00E5rd yta som l\u00E4mpar sig bra vid n\u00F6tande slitage, och \u00E4ven motverkar sk\u00E4rning och f\u00F6rb\u00E4ttrar st\u00E5lets korrosionsmotst\u00E5nd."@sv , "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u062C\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062A\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A.\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0631\u062A\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062A\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0644\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A \u0646\u062A\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064A\u0646. \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0631\u062A \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0648\u062D\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0643."@ar , "Die Nitrierung ist in der Chemie das Einf\u00FChren einer Nitrogruppe (\u2013NO2) in ein organisches Molek\u00FCl. Aus historischen Gr\u00FCnden werden Nitrate zum Teil als Nitroverbindung bezeichnet, so Glycerintrinitrat als Nitroglyzerin. Nitroverbindungen besitzen jedoch eine C-N-O-Bindung, im Gegensatz zu Nitraten, die eine C-O-N-Bindung aufweisen."@de , "La nitraci\u00F3 \u00E9s un proc\u00E9s qu\u00EDmic general per la introducci\u00F3 del grup funcional nitro dins un compost qu\u00EDmic. L'aplicaci\u00F3 dominant de la nitraci\u00F3 \u00E9s per produir nitrobenz\u00E0, el precursor del . Les nitracions es fan servir per produir explosius, per exemple la conversi\u00F3 de la glicerina a nitroglicerina i la conversi\u00F3 del tolu\u00E8 a trinitrotolu\u00E8. Milions de tones de nitroarom\u00E0tics es produeixen cada any."@ca , "Een nitrering is een organische reactie waarbij een alcoholfunctie wordt veresterd met salpeterzuur en op die manier wordt omgezet in een ."@nl , "\uB098\uC774\uD2B8\uB85C\uD654 \uBC18\uC751 \uB610\uB294 \uB098\uC774\uD2B8\uB808\uC774\uC158(Nitration)\uC740 (nitro group)\uC744 \uC720\uAE30 \uD654\uD569\uBB3C\uC5D0 \uB3C4\uC785\uD558\uB294 \uC720\uAE30 \uBC18\uC751\uC774\uB2E4. (aromatic nitration) \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . @prefix gold: . dbr:Nitration gold:hypernym dbr:Class . @prefix prov: . dbr:Nitration prov:wasDerivedFrom . @prefix xsd: . dbr:Nitration dbo:wikiPageLength "8942"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:Nitration foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Nitration .