@prefix rdfs: . @prefix dbr: . dbr:Lead_user rdfs:label "Lead user"@fr , "Lead user"@pl , "Lead user"@it , "Lead User"@de , "Lead user"@en , "\u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A"@ar , "\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237"@zh ; rdfs:comment "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064A\u0628\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Eric von Hippel)\u200F \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986."@ar , "La notion de lead user est apparue dans les th\u00E9ories de l'innovation par les utilisateurs par le biais de l'\u00E9conomiste am\u00E9ricain Von Hippel d\u00E8s les ann\u00E9es 70."@fr , "\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALead User\uFF09\u662F\u9EBB\u7701\u7406\u5DE5\u5B66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u63881986\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u672F\u8BED\u3002\u4ED6\u5BF9\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u5982\u4E0B\uFF1A 1. \n* \u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u9762\u4E34\u5728\u5E02\u573A\u4E2D\u5177\u6709\u666E\u904D\u610F\u4E49\u7684\u9700\u6C42\uFF0C\u4F46\u4F1A\u5728\u5E02\u573A\u5927\u4F17\u9047\u5230\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u7684\u6570\u6708\u6216\u6570\u5E74\u524D\u9047\u5230\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u3002 2. \n* \u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u4F4D\u4E8E\u6709\u5229\u4F4D\u7F6E\u4E0A\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u901A\u8FC7\u5F97\u5230\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u7684\u89E3\u51B3\u65B9\u6848\u63D0\u4F9B\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u5E2E\u52A9\u3002 \u6362\u8A00\u4E4B\uFF0C\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u662F\u4EA7\u54C1\u7684\u7528\u6237\uFF0C\u4F46\u4ED6\u4EEC\u77E5\u9053\u4E00\u4E9B\u5C1A\u672A\u88AB\u5927\u4F17\u6240\u77E5\u7684\u9700\u6C42\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u5982\u679C\u4ED6\u4EEC\u80FD\u591F\u5F97\u5230\u89E3\u51B3\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u7684\u65B9\u6848\uFF0C\u4ED6\u4EEC\u5C06\u4F1A\u5F88\u5927\u7A0B\u5EA6\u4E0A\u63D0\u4F9B\u5E2E\u52A9\u3002"@zh , "Il lead user (termine di marketing coniato da nel 1986) \u00E8 un consumatore particolarmente competente e sofisticato, tipicamente pi\u00F9 innovativo rispetto alla media dei consumatori, che sviluppa in completa autonomia nuove soluzioni per le imprese. Le imprese traggono vantaggio dalla collaborazione con i lead user in quanto essi anticipano i bisogni futuri dei consumatori. In questo modo le imprese possono anticipare le mosse del mercato.I lead user hanno tre caratteristiche:"@it , "Lead user (u\u017Cytkownik wiod\u0105cy, u\u017Cytkownik prowadz\u0105cy) \u2013 termin wprowadzony do literatury ekonomicznej przez w 1986. E. von Hippel okre\u015Bli\u0142 lead usera jako u\u017Cytkownika produktu posiadaj\u0105cego wysoki potencja\u0142 innowacyjny, inaczej m\u00F3wi\u0105c u\u017Cytkownika, kt\u00F3ry nie tylko u\u017Cytkuje zakupiony produkt, ale dostosowuje go do swoich potrzeb tworz\u0105c zarazem innowacj\u0119 produktow\u0105. E von Hippel widzi przyczyn\u0119 takiego kreatywnego zachowania u\u017Cytkownik\u00F3w w oczekiwanych przez lead usera korzy\u015Bciach zwi\u0105zanych z u\u017Cytkowaniem zmodyfikowanego we w\u0142asnym zakresie produktu. Produkt ten po dokonanej modyfikacji zaspokaja osobiste, specyficzne potrzeby, kt\u00F3re nie by\u0142y dotychczas zaspokojone przez produkty dost\u0119pne na rynku. W krajach Europy Zachodniej oraz USA przeprowadzono szereg bada\u0144 empirycznych, kt\u00F3re potwier"@pl , "Der Begriff Lead User (trendf\u00FChrender Nutzer, trendf\u00FChrender Kunde) wurde 1986 von Eric von Hippel eingef\u00FChrt. Lead User sind Nutzer, deren Bed\u00FCrfnisse den Anforderungen des Massenmarktes vorauseilen und sich einen besonders hohen Nutzen von einer Bed\u00FCrfnisbefriedigung/Probleml\u00F6sung versprechen. Der Begriff wird sowohl f\u00FCr Unternehmen (Gesch\u00E4ftskunden) als auch f\u00FCr Endkonsumenten (Privatkunden) verwendet und gilt f\u00FCr den Sachg\u00FCter- wie auch den Dienstleistungssektor."@de , "Lead user is a term developed by American economist Eric von Hippel. His definition for lead user is: 1. \n* Lead users face needs that will be general in a marketplace \u2013 but face them months or years before the bulk of that marketplace encounters them, and 2. \n* Lead users are positioned to benefit significantly by obtaining a solution to their needs and so may innovate."@en . @prefix foaf: . dbr:Lead_user foaf:homepage . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Lead_user dcterms:subject dbc:Innovation . @prefix dbo: . dbr:Lead_user dbo:wikiPageID 5338695 ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1069396798 ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink , dbr:Technical_term , , dbr:Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology , dbr:Sense_Worldwide , dbr:Rally_Fighter , dbr:Innovation , dbr:Technology_adoption_lifecycle , dbr:OCD , dbr:Experimental_techniques , dbr:Toolkits_for_user_innovation , dbr:Participatory_design , dbr:Eating_your_own_dog_food , dbr:Quantitative_marketing_research , dbr:Creative_commons , dbr:Coolhunting , dbr:Qualitative_marketing_research , dbr:Definition , dbc:Innovation , , dbr:Need , dbr:Whole_Product , dbr:Beta_test , dbr:Crossing_the_Chasm , dbr:Observational_techniques , dbr:Eric_von_Hippel , dbr:Alpha_consumer , dbr:Focus_group , , dbr:Product_lifecycle_management , dbr:Empathic_design , dbr:Local_Motors , dbr:Early_adopter , dbr:Marketing , dbr:Creative_consumer , , , dbr:Diffusion_of_innovations , dbr:User_innovation ; dbo:wikiPageExternalLink , , , , , , , , . @prefix ns6: . dbr:Lead_user dbo:wikiPageExternalLink ns6:aeaa00f95cd3b25527c495e87d3f9b8f8c5d9719 , . @prefix owl: . @prefix dbpedia-pl: . dbr:Lead_user owl:sameAs dbpedia-pl:Lead_user , . @prefix dbpedia-de: . dbr:Lead_user owl:sameAs dbpedia-de:Lead_User . @prefix dbpedia-fr: . dbr:Lead_user owl:sameAs dbpedia-fr:Lead_user . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Lead_user owl:sameAs wikidata:Q643801 . @prefix dbpedia-it: . dbr:Lead_user owl:sameAs dbpedia-it:Lead_user , , , . @prefix dbp: . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Lead_user dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Harvnb , dbt:Reflist , dbt:Cite_web , dbt:Citation , dbt:Div_col , dbt:Div_col_end ; dbo:abstract "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064A\u0628\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Eric von Hippel)\u200F \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986."@ar , "Il lead user (termine di marketing coniato da nel 1986) \u00E8 un consumatore particolarmente competente e sofisticato, tipicamente pi\u00F9 innovativo rispetto alla media dei consumatori, che sviluppa in completa autonomia nuove soluzioni per le imprese. Le imprese traggono vantaggio dalla collaborazione con i lead user in quanto essi anticipano i bisogni futuri dei consumatori. In questo modo le imprese possono anticipare le mosse del mercato.I lead user hanno tre caratteristiche: \n* hanno un evidente beneficio economico derivante dall'introduzione dell'innovazione e, proprio per questo, essi sono altamente motivati e incentivati; \n* hanno un forte grado di expertise e quindi possono \"dire la loro\" con evidente cognizione di causa; \n* riescono ad anticipare il bisogno nel mercato mesi o a volte anni prima che questo si manifesti in modo evidente (forecasting ability)."@it , "Lead user (u\u017Cytkownik wiod\u0105cy, u\u017Cytkownik prowadz\u0105cy) \u2013 termin wprowadzony do literatury ekonomicznej przez w 1986. E. von Hippel okre\u015Bli\u0142 lead usera jako u\u017Cytkownika produktu posiadaj\u0105cego wysoki potencja\u0142 innowacyjny, inaczej m\u00F3wi\u0105c u\u017Cytkownika, kt\u00F3ry nie tylko u\u017Cytkuje zakupiony produkt, ale dostosowuje go do swoich potrzeb tworz\u0105c zarazem innowacj\u0119 produktow\u0105. E von Hippel widzi przyczyn\u0119 takiego kreatywnego zachowania u\u017Cytkownik\u00F3w w oczekiwanych przez lead usera korzy\u015Bciach zwi\u0105zanych z u\u017Cytkowaniem zmodyfikowanego we w\u0142asnym zakresie produktu. Produkt ten po dokonanej modyfikacji zaspokaja osobiste, specyficzne potrzeby, kt\u00F3re nie by\u0142y dotychczas zaspokojone przez produkty dost\u0119pne na rynku. W krajach Europy Zachodniej oraz USA przeprowadzono szereg bada\u0144 empirycznych, kt\u00F3re potwierdzaj\u0105 istnienie tych specyficznych korzy\u015Bci oraz oczekiwa\u0144 wzgl\u0119dem produktu m.in. przez G. Lilien, N. Franke i S. Shah, C. L\u00FCthje, M. Schreier i R. Pr\u00FCgl. Podstawowa definicja tego typu u\u017Cytkownika, kt\u00F3r\u0105 przedstawi\u0142 E. von Hippel podaje dwie g\u0142\u00F3wne cechy charakterystyczne lead usera: \n* wyprzedza trend na rynku; Lead user oczekuje zaspokojenia swoich potrzeb zwi\u0105zanych z produktem oraz jego funkcjonalno\u015Bci\u0105 na d\u0142ugo wcze\u015Bniej ni\u017C przeci\u0119tni u\u017Cytkownicy dost\u0119pnych na rynku produkt\u00F3w. Dzieje si\u0119 tak z wyprzedzeniem miesi\u0119cy, a nawet lat. \n* oczekuje korzy\u015Bci; Skoro rynek nie zaspakaja potrzeb lead usera jest on zmuszony zaspokoi\u0107 swoje potrzeby we w\u0142asnym zakresie. Wiod\u0105cy u\u017Cytkownik oczekuje du\u017Cych korzy\u015Bci z przyst\u0105pienia do swoich innowacyjnych czynno\u015Bci, jak r\u00F3wnie\u017C z ich wyniku, jakim jest produkt. Zachowanie lead usera nie odbiega zbytnio od zachowa\u0144 prosumenckich, ze wzgl\u0119du na podobie\u0144stwo charakterystyk prosumenta (kt\u00F3ry wytwarza produkt dla w\u0142asnego u\u017Cytku)i lead usera (kt\u00F3ry wytwarza innowacj\u0119 na swoje potrzeby) toczy si\u0119 dyskusja maj\u0105ca stwierdzi\u0107 czy mo\u017Cna uzna\u0107 lead usera za szczeg\u00F3lny przypadek prosumenta."@pl , "Lead user is a term developed by American economist Eric von Hippel. His definition for lead user is: 1. \n* Lead users face needs that will be general in a marketplace \u2013 but face them months or years before the bulk of that marketplace encounters them, and 2. \n* Lead users are positioned to benefit significantly by obtaining a solution to their needs and so may innovate. Lead users are a very important source of innovative progress because they often pioneer - acting earlier than producers to develop important new types of products and applications. Being innovation pioneers benefits lead users because they innovate to serve their own needs. For this reason, they need not concern themselves with whether others will also want what they are developing for themselves. In contrast, producers must wait for evidence that there is a general and profitable market to be served before they can justify investing in a new type of innovation. For example, mountain bikes were developed by individuals who simply wanted to bike down mountains for fun, and so invented the sport of mountain biking for themselves. Bike producers stood by, simply watching and waiting for years until the extent of the market became clear. Finally, after the new sport had spread to hundreds of enthusiasts who participated by building their own \"clunker\" mountain bikes, producers finally entered the new market with the first commercial mountain bike products. Because lead users develop new products and services and also modify existing ones, they are related to the creative consumer phenomenon, that is, those \"customers who adapt, modify, or transform a proprietary offering\"."@en , "\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALead User\uFF09\u662F\u9EBB\u7701\u7406\u5DE5\u5B66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u63881986\u5E74\u63D0\u51FA\u7684\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u672F\u8BED\u3002\u4ED6\u5BF9\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u5982\u4E0B\uFF1A 1. \n* \u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u9762\u4E34\u5728\u5E02\u573A\u4E2D\u5177\u6709\u666E\u904D\u610F\u4E49\u7684\u9700\u6C42\uFF0C\u4F46\u4F1A\u5728\u5E02\u573A\u5927\u4F17\u9047\u5230\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u7684\u6570\u6708\u6216\u6570\u5E74\u524D\u9047\u5230\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u3002 2. \n* \u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u4F4D\u4E8E\u6709\u5229\u4F4D\u7F6E\u4E0A\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u901A\u8FC7\u5F97\u5230\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u7684\u89E3\u51B3\u65B9\u6848\u63D0\u4F9B\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u5E2E\u52A9\u3002 \u6362\u8A00\u4E4B\uFF0C\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u662F\u4EA7\u54C1\u7684\u7528\u6237\uFF0C\u4F46\u4ED6\u4EEC\u77E5\u9053\u4E00\u4E9B\u5C1A\u672A\u88AB\u5927\u4F17\u6240\u77E5\u7684\u9700\u6C42\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u5982\u679C\u4ED6\u4EEC\u80FD\u591F\u5F97\u5230\u89E3\u51B3\u8FD9\u4E9B\u9700\u6C42\u7684\u65B9\u6848\uFF0C\u4ED6\u4EEC\u5C06\u4F1A\u5F88\u5927\u7A0B\u5EA6\u4E0A\u63D0\u4F9B\u5E2E\u52A9\u3002"@zh , "Der Begriff Lead User (trendf\u00FChrender Nutzer, trendf\u00FChrender Kunde) wurde 1986 von Eric von Hippel eingef\u00FChrt. Lead User sind Nutzer, deren Bed\u00FCrfnisse den Anforderungen des Massenmarktes vorauseilen und sich einen besonders hohen Nutzen von einer Bed\u00FCrfnisbefriedigung/Probleml\u00F6sung versprechen. Der Begriff wird sowohl f\u00FCr Unternehmen (Gesch\u00E4ftskunden) als auch f\u00FCr Endkonsumenten (Privatkunden) verwendet und gilt f\u00FCr den Sachg\u00FCter- wie auch den Dienstleistungssektor."@de , "La notion de lead user est apparue dans les th\u00E9ories de l'innovation par les utilisateurs par le biais de l'\u00E9conomiste am\u00E9ricain Von Hippel d\u00E8s les ann\u00E9es 70."@fr . @prefix gold: . dbr:Lead_user gold:hypernym dbr:Term . @prefix prov: . dbr:Lead_user prov:wasDerivedFrom . @prefix xsd: . dbr:Lead_user dbo:wikiPageLength "20632"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:Lead_user foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Lead_user .