. . . . "Kasus \u00E4r en grammatisk kategori f\u00F6r nomen (eller nominalfraser), som markerar dessas funktion i satsen. I f\u00F6rsta hand g\u00E4ller det pronomen och substantiv \u2013 samt substantiverade former av \u00F6vriga nomen. I m\u00E5nga spr\u00E5k som anv\u00E4nder kasus kongruensb\u00F6js dock andra nomen, som r\u00E4kneord och adjektiv (samt adjektiviskt anv\u00E4nda particip), med huvudordet. Allra vanligast \u00E4r denna kasuskongruens hos spr\u00E5k d\u00E4r adjektivattribut i allm\u00E4nhet placeras efter huvudordet. Kasus ses traditionellt som en b\u00F6jningskategori, men kan i en del fall betraktas som avledning \u2013 eftersom flera kasus f\u00E5r substantiv att fungera som adverbial. Det r\u00E5der delade meningar (bland spr\u00E5kbeskrivarna) om statusen f\u00F6r olika kasus i olika spr\u00E5k. Detta beror ofta p\u00E5 f\u00F6r\u00E4ndringar i spr\u00E5ket under tid och problem med gr\u00E4nsdragning f\u00F6r n\u00E4r ett visst fenomen har spelat ut sin roll i spr\u00E5ket. Det h\u00E4r har bland annat lett till stor oenighet om hur m\u00E5nga kasus vissa spr\u00E5k har; till exempel har svenskan allt fr\u00E5n inga till tre kasus beroende p\u00E5 vem man fr\u00E5gar."@sv . . . . . . . . . "Naamval"@nl . . . . . "Um caso gramatical \u00E9 uma categoria de nomes e adnomes que corresponde \u00E0s poss\u00EDveis fun\u00E7\u00F5es de um grupo de palavras constitu\u00EDdo por um nome e zero ou mais adnomes. Por exemplo, o pronome subjetivo \u00ABeu\u00BB funciona como Sujeito nas ora\u00E7\u00F5es \u00ABeu o vi.\u00BB e \u00ABeu fui visto por voc\u00EA.\u00BB; o pronome objetivo \u00ABme\u00BB funciona como Objeto na ora\u00E7\u00E3o \u00ABvoc\u00EA me viu.\u00BB , o pronome adjuntivo \u00ABmim\u00BB funciona como Adjunto na ora\u00E7\u00E3o \u00ABvoc\u00EA foi visto por mim.\u00BB e o pronome possessivo \u00ABmeu\u00BB representa o Possuidor na ora\u00E7\u00E3o \u00ABesse carro \u00E9 meu.\u00BB. Aqui \"subjetivo\", \"objetivo\", \"adjuntivo\", \"possessivo\" s\u00E3o casos gramaticais, ou seja, categorias de pronomes. Em contrapartida, Sujeito, Objeto, Adjunto e Possuidor s\u00E3o as fun\u00E7\u00F5es que esses pronomes exercem nas ora\u00E7\u00F5es. Contudo, um caso pode estar associado a mais de uma fun\u00E7\u00E3o. Por exemplo, o pronome adjuntivo \u00ABmim\u00BB pode exercer n\u00E3o s\u00F3 a fun\u00E7\u00E3o de Adjunto como tamb\u00E9m a fun\u00E7\u00E3o de Objeto como na ora\u00E7\u00E3o \u00ABvoc\u00EA viu a mim.\u00BB. J\u00E1 o Alcance de uma rela\u00E7\u00E3o espacial pode ser representado tanto pelo pronome adjuntivo \u00ABmim\u00BB como em \u00ABperto de mim\u00BB e \u00ABatr\u00E1s de mim\u00BB quanto pelos pronomes possessivos \u00ABmeu\u00BB e \u00ABminha\u00BB como em \u00ABdo meu lado\u00BB e \u00ABna minha frente\u00BB. Isso quer dizer que o caso \u00E9 a categoria de nomes e adnomes e n\u00E3o as fun\u00E7\u00F5es que essas palavras exercem. Grupos nominais possuem marcas gramaticais em todas as l\u00EDnguas. Contudo, s\u00E3o v\u00E1rios os modos como as marcas s\u00E3o realizadas nas mais diversas l\u00EDnguas. Costuma-se dizer que uma l\u00EDngua n\u00E3o possui casos quando os grupos nominais s\u00E3o marcados por palavras adpostas e que ela possui casos quando os grupos nominais se diferem segundo a categoria dos constituintes. Por exemplo, enquanto \u00ABse d\u00E1 algo para algu\u00E9m\u00BB em portugu\u00EAs e o recebedor do presente \u00E9 marcado por \u00ABpara\u00BB, em latim \u00ABd\u014Dn\u0101tur quid qu\u014D\u00BB e o recebedor do presente \u00E9 marcado pela categoria do pronome dativo \u00ABquo\u00BB. Alguns idiomas como grego antigo, latim, s\u00E2nscrito, t\u00E2mil, polaco, russo, entre outros, t\u00EAm um extensivo sistema de casos gramaticais atrav\u00E9s da declina\u00E7\u00E3o de substantivos, pronomes e adjetivos para indicar cada caso."@pt . "En linguistique, le cas est au sens large un trait grammatical principalement associ\u00E9 au nom, au pronom, \u00E0 l'adjectif et au d\u00E9terminant, et exprimant leur fonction syntaxique dans la proposition, ou leur r\u00F4le s\u00E9mantique en rapport avec le proc\u00E8s exprim\u00E9 par le verbe. Par exemple, l\u2019accusatif est le cas du compl\u00E9ment d'objet direct (fonction syntaxique) ; l\u2019\u00E9latif est le cas indiquant le lieu de l\u2019int\u00E9rieur duquel on sort (r\u00F4le s\u00E9mantique). Le cas ainsi d\u00E9fini de fa\u00E7on large peut s'exprimer dans les langues de trois mani\u00E8res :"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u683C\uFF08\u62C9\u4E01\u8A9E\uFF1Acasus\uFF0C\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Acase\uFF09\uFF0C\u683C\u4F4D\uFF0C\u72ED\u4E49\u4E0A\u79F0\u4E3A\u8BED\u6CD5\u683C\uFF0C\u5728\u683C\u8BED\u6CD5\u4E2D\u79F0\u4E3A\u8868\u5C42\u683C\uFF0C\u662F\u540D\u8BCD\u3001\u4EE3\u8BCD\u3001\u5206\u8BCD\u3001\u6570\u8BCD\u6216\u5F62\u5BB9\u8BCD\u7B49\u8BCD\u7C7B\u5F53\u4E2D\uFF0C\u53CD\u6620\u5176\u5728\u77ED\u8BED\u3001\u4ECE\u53E5\u6216\u53E5\u5B50\u4E2D\u6240\u8D77\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u7279\u5B9A\u8BED\u6CD5\u8303\u7574\uFF0C\u4F1A\u4F7F\u8BCD\u53D1\u751F\u76F8\u5E94\u4E0D\u7B49\u7684\u5C48\u6298\u53D8\u5316\u3002\u968F\u7740\u8BED\u8A00\u9010\u6B65\u6F14\u53D8\uFF0C\u683C\u4F1A\u53D1\u751F\u5408\u5E76\uFF08\u5982\u53E4\u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\u88E1\u65B9\u4F4D\u683C\u548C\u4E0E\u683C\u5408\u5E76\uFF09\uFF0C\u8FD9\u79CD\u73B0\u8C61\u79F0\u4E3A\u8BED\u5F62\u878D\u5408\u3002\u5728\u66F4\u6B63\u5F0F\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u88E1\u9762\uFF0C\u8BED\u6CD5\u683C\u662F\u201C\u4E00\u79CD\u6839\u636E\u72EC\u7ACB\u540D\u8BCD\u6210\u5206\u4E0E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u8BCD\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\u7C7B\u578B\uFF0C\u6807\u8BB0\u8FD9\u4E9B\u540D\u8BCD\u6210\u5206\u7684\u7CFB\u7EDF\u201D\uFF0C\u6545\u8BED\u6CD5\u683C\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u8BCD\u6CD5\u5B66\u4E0A\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\uFF08\u8A5E\u6CD5\u683C\uFF09\uFF0C\u5E94\u5F53\u8DDF\u8BED\u4E49\u5B66\u4E0A\u7684\u8BED\u4E49\u683C\uFF08\u4E5F\u79F0\u8BED\u4E49\u89D2\u8272\u3001\u9898\u5143\u89D2\u8272\uFF09\u533A\u5206\u5F00\u6765\u3002\u5982\u62C9\u4E01\u8BED\u88E1\u6570\u4E2A\u8BED\u4E49\u683C\u53EF\u4EE5\u5171\u7528\u4E00\u4E2A\u8BED\u6CD5\u683C\u3002\u62E5\u6709\u8BED\u6CD5\u683C\u7684\u8BED\u8A00\u901A\u5E38\u8BED\u5E8F\u8F83\u4E3A\u81EA\u7531\uFF0C\u4E14\u5176\u8BED\u5E8F\u4E0D\u8868\u793A\u8BED\u4E49\u683C\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Der Kasus [\u02C8k\u02B0a\u02D0z\u028As] (Pl.: Kasus mit langem u [\u02C8k\u02B0a\u02D0zu\u02D0s]) (auch: der Fall) ist eine grammatische Kategorie, das hei\u00DFt eine Kategorie in der Flexion der nominalen Wortarten. Sie dr\u00FCckt die Abh\u00E4ngigkeit eines Satzteils aus, der von einem Wort regiert wird, oder bezeichnet verschiedene adverbielle Funktionen. Deshalb kann sie genauer auch als eine morpho-syntaktische Kategorie bezeichnet werden."@de . . . . "Caso gramatical"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u0301\u043D\u043E\u043A \u2014 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 (\u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430). \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A \u044F\u043A \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0443 (\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430). \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u044C \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456. \u0413\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0454 \u0444\u043B\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0441\u0456\u044F. \u041A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0444\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043A, \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430\u00BB \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u0445 \u00AB\u041A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u2014 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u044C\u00BB, \u00AB\u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E \u043A\u0443\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0443 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0443\u00BB, \u00AB\u0423\u0441\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0438\u00BB \u0454 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430\u00BB \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C. \u041D\u0430\u044F\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u0442\u0456\u0439 \u0447\u0438 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u0423\u0442\u0456\u043C, \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0430"@uk . . "Kasus (tata bahasa)"@in . . "Gramatika kazo (a\u016D simple kazo) (la\u016D latina casus [\u02C8ka\u02D0z\u028As], Pl.: cas\u016Bs kun longva u [\u02C8ka\u02D0zu\u02D0s]) estas en gramatiko fleksia kategorio de substantivecaj vortospecoj (=deklinacio). Per tio la nomo montras sian funkcion ene de senca kombino de frazo. En morfologio kazo estas morfologia kategorio, kiu estas markita per sistemo je unu al alia vidalvide starantaj formaroj, dum ke \u0109i tiuj formoj respegulas rilaton de unu objekto al aliaj objektoj en certa situacio. Tipe vorto portas nur unu kazan markilon, en kelkaj lingvoj tamen ekzistas anka\u016D vortoj kun du a\u016D pli da kazaj markiloj."@eo . . . . . . "\u039F\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C4\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC, \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03B1\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03CA\u03BD\u03B4\u03BF\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1, \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03AD\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B9\u03BD\u03B4\u03BF\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C2, \u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03CD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03BA\u03C4\u03CE \u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2: \n* \u03B7 \u039F\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF \u03C1\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03AC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03CC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \n* \u03B7 \u0393\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03AC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \n* \u03B7 \u0394\u03BF\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AC \u03B7 \u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C1\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \n* \u03B7 \u0391\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03B9\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \n* \u03B7 \u039A\u03BB\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03BA\u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03BD, \u03AE \u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5 \u03BA\u03AC\u03C4\u03B9 \n* \u03B7 \u0391\u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03CE\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03C5\u03BD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF \n* \u03B7 \u03A4\u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03CE\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03C5\u03BD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03CC\u03C0\u03BF \n* \u03B7 \u039F\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03CE\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03CC\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u0397 \u03BD\u03AD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03AD\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2: \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03B1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03BB\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE. \u0397 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03BB\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u0395\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B5 \u03C0\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B5, \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BD\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03AD\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03BF\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE. \u0389\u03B4\u03B7 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03B9\u03C9\u03B8\u03B5\u03AF \u03C3\u03B5 \u03AD\u03BE\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C1\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C5\u03BA\u03B7\u03BD\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03CC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C5 -\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03C7\u03C9\u03BD\u03B5\u03C5\u03B8\u03B5\u03AF \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03BF\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE. \u0391\u03C1\u03B3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1, \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0391\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE \u0395\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE, \u03BC\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B5, \u03B5\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03CD \u03B7 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03C7\u03C9\u03BD\u03B5\u03CD\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03BF\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE. \u03A3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u0392 \u03BC\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03C5\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9, \u03C0\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03C9\u03C2, \u03B7 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C4\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9: \u03C4\u03BF \u0386\u03C1\u03B8\u03C1\u03BF, \u03C4\u03BF \u039F\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC, \u03C4\u03BF \u0395\u03C0\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF, \u03B7 \u0391\u03BD\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD\u03C5\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u039C\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE."@el . . . . "( \uACA9(\u9D59/\u9D03)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB54C\uAE4C\uCE58 \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.)( \uACA9(\u9B32)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC815 (\uC6A9\uAE30) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.)\n\uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uACA9(\u683C) \uB610\uB294 \uC790\uB9AC\uB294 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uBB38\uBC95 \uBC94\uC8FC\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uD574\uB2F9 \uBA85\uC0AC\uAC00 \uBB38\uC7A5\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uD1B5\uC0AC\uC801 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC744 \uD558\uB294\uC9C0 \uD45C\uD604\uD574 \uC8FC\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC11C\uAD6C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC640 \uD615\uC6A9\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uBB38\uBC95 \uBC94\uC8FC\uB85C \uC131, \uC218, \uACA9\uC774 \uB17C\uC758\uB418\uC5B4 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC871\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC5D0\uC11C \uB098\uC628 \uBD84\uC11D\uC774\uB2E4. \uACE0\uC804 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC778 \uACE0\uB300 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC5B4\uC640 \uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBA85\uC0AC\uC640 \uD615\uC6A9\uC0AC\uB294 \uD615\uD0DC\uAC00 \uBCC0\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uC131, \uC218, \uACA9\uC758 \uBB38\uBC95\uC801 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uD45C\uD604\uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uD604\uB300\uC758 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD604\uC0C1\uC774 \uB0A8\uC544\uC788\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uACE1\uC6A9\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5C4\uBC00\uD55C \uC758\uBBF8\uC5D0\uC11C \uACA9\uC740 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC871\uC758 \uD604\uC0C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCF4\uB4EF\uC774 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uACE1\uC6A9\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uD45C\uD604\uB418\uB294 \uBB38\uC7A5\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uAE30\uB2A5, \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB3D9\uC0AC\uC640 \uB9FA\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uAD00\uACC4\uB97C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uBB38\uBC95 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \n* \uD615\uD0DC\uB860\uC801 \uACA9 : \uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4, \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4 \n* \uD615\uD0DC-\uD1B5\uC0AC\uB860\uC801 \uACA9 : \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5B4, \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4 \n* \uD1B5\uC0AC\uB860\uC801 \uACA9 : \uC601\uC5B4, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4"@ko . . . "In linguistica, il caso \u00E8 una categoria grammaticale che consiste nella modificazione di un nome a seconda della sua funzione logica (soggetto, complemento diretto, complemento indiretto, ecc.). In alcune lingue, sia moderne sia antiche, ogni parola assume forme diverse a seconda della funzione svolta nella frase.In italiano, la declinazione secondo il caso \u00E8 ormai decaduta per quanto riguarda nomi e aggettivi.Tali parole assumono sempre la stessa forma per qualunque funzione assolta nel periodo (soggetto, complemento).Ad esempio, in italiano, la parola cane \u00E8 sempre la stessa in ogni ambito della frase: il cane azzann\u00F2 la pecora, ho dato da mangiare al cane, la cuccia del cane ecc. D'altra parte, i pronomi personali (Io, tu, egli, ella, essi) assumono una forma diversa a seconda del ruolo"@it . "Dalam tata bahasa, kasus dari sebuah kata benda atau kata ganti menunjukkan fungsi tata bahasanya di dalam sebuah frasa atau klausa. Fungsi gramatis ini sebagai contohnya adalah subjek dari kalimat, objek dari kalimat atau kepemilikan. Walau semua bahasa melakukan pembedaan fungsi gramatis pada kata bendanya, kata kasus biasanya merujuk kepada pembedaan fungsi gramatis yang dilakukan pada morfologi kata bendanya atau dengan kata lain kata benda pada bahasa tersebut diubah bentuknya untuk menunjukkan kasusnya. Perubahan bentuk ini adalah sebuah deklinasi yang merupakan sebuah . Kasus berubungan, tetapi berbeda dengan saperti dan , walau beberapa kasus dalam setiap bahasa umumnya berkorespondensi dengan peran tematis tertentu, kasus adalah konsep sintaks dan peran tematis adalah konsep sem"@in . "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u064A\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0624\u062F\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0623\u062E\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060C \u062A\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0641\u0642\u062F\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u064A\u064A\u0632 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639 : \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062B\u0644 I\u060C He \u0648we \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0623 (\"\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629\")\u060C \u0641\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062B\u0644 me\u060C him \u0648 us \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 ( \"\u062C\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0644\u0646\u064A\")."@ar . "70900"^^ . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0436 \u0432 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u044F \u2014 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 (\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445) \u0438 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A \u043D\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 (\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0438\u043D\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447.), \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0438/\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u041F\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 (\u0441\u0440. \u0441 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0435\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043A \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C). \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043E\u043A \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F. \u0412 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u044F \u0441\u0431\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039F\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C4\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC, \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03B1\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03CA\u03BD\u03B4\u03BF\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1, \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03AD\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B9\u03BD\u03B4\u03BF\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B5\u03C2, \u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03CD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03BA\u03C4\u03CE \u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2: \u03A4\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C4\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9: \u03C4\u03BF \u0386\u03C1\u03B8\u03C1\u03BF, \u03C4\u03BF \u039F\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC, \u03C4\u03BF \u0395\u03C0\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF, \u03B7 \u0391\u03BD\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD\u03C5\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u039C\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Cas grammatical"@fr . . . "\uACA9"@ko . . . "Der Kasus [\u02C8k\u02B0a\u02D0z\u028As] (Pl.: Kasus mit langem u [\u02C8k\u02B0a\u02D0zu\u02D0s]) (auch: der Fall) ist eine grammatische Kategorie, das hei\u00DFt eine Kategorie in der Flexion der nominalen Wortarten. Sie dr\u00FCckt die Abh\u00E4ngigkeit eines Satzteils aus, der von einem Wort regiert wird, oder bezeichnet verschiedene adverbielle Funktionen. Deshalb kann sie genauer auch als eine morpho-syntaktische Kategorie bezeichnet werden."@de . . . . . "A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals), which corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories. For instance, in English, one says I see them and they see me: the nominative pronouns I/they represent the perceiver and the accusative pronouns me/them represent the phenomenon perceived. Here, nominative and accusative are cases, that is, categories of pronouns corresponding to the functions they have in representation."@en . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u064A\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0624\u062F\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u062C\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0623\u062E\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060C \u062A\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0641\u0642\u062F\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u064A\u064A\u0632 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639 : \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062B\u0644 I\u060C He \u0648we \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0623 (\"\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629\")\u060C \u0641\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062B\u0644 me\u060C him \u0648 us \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 ( \"\u062C\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0644\u0646\u064A\")."@ar . . "En gram\u00E1tica, el caso es indicativo del rol que cumplen ciertas palabras y sintagmas dentro de una frase dada. Se puede entender de dos maneras, relacionadas entre s\u00ED: \n* En forma m\u00E1s amplia, desde un punto sint\u00E1ctico, el t\u00E9rmino caso o caso sint\u00E1ctico indica el papel que desempe\u00F1a una palabra o sintagma dentro de una frase; este papel puede ser indicado mediante una declinaci\u00F3n particular del sintagma (propio de las lenguas sint\u00E9ticas, como el lat\u00EDn, el alem\u00E1n, o las lenguas eslavas, entre otras), pero tambi\u00E9n puede deducirse a partir de las part\u00EDculas adjuntas, tales como preposiciones, por el orden de la frase, o cualquier otro mecanismo, seg\u00FAn la gram\u00E1tica de cada lengua concreta. \n* El caso morfol\u00F3gico, en cambio, es una entre diversas formas de flexionar (es decir, de modificar, o declinar) sustantivos, adjetivos, pronombres, determinantes, etc. en lenguas sint\u00E9ticas. Est\u00E1 declinaci\u00F3n es utilizada para indicar la funci\u00F3n que desempe\u00F1an en la oraci\u00F3n. Por lo tanto, mientras solo algunas lenguas exhiben casos morfol\u00F3gicos, todas las lenguas tienen casos sint\u00E1cticos, que es un concepto m\u00E1s abstracto. Es importante mencionar que un determinado caso morfol\u00F3gico puede ser indicativo de distintos casos sint\u00E1cticos, mediante la combinaci\u00F3n de caso morfol\u00F3gico y otras estructuras, tales como preposiciones, postposiciones, etc."@es . . . . . . . . . "\u683C (\u8BED\u6CD5)"@zh . . . . "Przypadek \u2013 kategoria gramatyczna, przez kt\u00F3r\u0105 odmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 rzeczowniki, przymiotniki, liczebniki, zaimki, imies\u0142owy (okre\u015Blane przez to zbiorczym mianem imion), a niekiedy te\u017C czasowniki (co w j\u0119zyku polskim nie wyst\u0119puje), b\u0119d\u0105ca odzwierciedleniem ich r\u00F3\u017Cnorodnych funkcji."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "En linguistique, le cas est au sens large un trait grammatical principalement associ\u00E9 au nom, au pronom, \u00E0 l'adjectif et au d\u00E9terminant, et exprimant leur fonction syntaxique dans la proposition, ou leur r\u00F4le s\u00E9mantique en rapport avec le proc\u00E8s exprim\u00E9 par le verbe. Par exemple, l\u2019accusatif est le cas du compl\u00E9ment d'objet direct (fonction syntaxique) ; l\u2019\u00E9latif est le cas indiquant le lieu de l\u2019int\u00E9rieur duquel on sort (r\u00F4le s\u00E9mantique). Le cas ainsi d\u00E9fini de fa\u00E7on large peut s'exprimer dans les langues de trois mani\u00E8res : \n* par l'ordre respectif des \u00E9l\u00E9ments dans la proposition ; par exemple, en fran\u00E7ais, l'\u00E9l\u00E9ment correspondant \u00E0 l'accusatif (compl\u00E9ment d'objet direct) se place presque toujours apr\u00E8s le verbe transitif (entre le sujet et le verbe si cet \u00E9l\u00E9ment est un pronom personnel) ; \n* par une adposition (pr\u00E9position ou postposition) ; par exemple, en fran\u00E7ais, la pr\u00E9position \u00AB avec \u00BB exprime le comitatif (accompagnement) l'instrumental (moyen) ou l'instructif (mani\u00E8re) ; \n* par une variation morphologique du nom, pronom ou adjectif consid\u00E9r\u00E9, dans les langues flexionnelles ou agglutinantes. Elle consiste souvent en l'ajout d'un affixe ; lorsqu'il s'agit plus pr\u00E9cis\u00E9ment d'un suffixe, on le nomme d\u00E9sinence. Le cas peut aussi s'exprimer par flexion interne. Souvent l'utilisation du mot \u00AB cas \u00BB est limit\u00E9e au troisi\u00E8me sens, restreinte aux situations o\u00F9 ledit cas s'exprime morphologiquement. L'ensemble des marques casuelles forme la d\u00E9clinaison des noms, des adjectifs et des pronoms. Il existe souvent plusieurs s\u00E9ries de tels affixes, qui r\u00E9partissent les mots d\u00E9clinables en plusieurs d\u00E9clinaisons selon la s\u00E9rie de marques qu'ils sont susceptibles de porter."@fr . . . . . "1124849101"^^ . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436"@ru . . . "\u03A0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B7 (\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03BC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE)"@el . 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"\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u0301\u043D\u043E\u043A \u2014 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438 (\u0456\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430). \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A \u044F\u043A \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0443 (\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430). \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u044C \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456. \u0413\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0454 \u0444\u043B\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0441\u0456\u044F. \u041A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0444\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043A, \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430\u00BB \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u0445 \u00AB\u041A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u2014 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u044C\u00BB, \u00AB\u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E \u043A\u0443\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0443 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0443\u00BB, \u00AB\u0423\u0441\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0438\u00BB \u0454 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0430\u00BB \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C. \u041D\u0430\u044F\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u0442\u0456\u0439 \u0447\u0438 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438. \u0423\u0442\u0456\u043C, \u043D\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0430 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A (\u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u043E\u0449\u043E)."@uk . "\u683C\uFF08\u304B\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Case\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u540D\u8A5E\u3001\u4EE3\u540D\u8A5E\u3001\u5F62\u5BB9\u8A5E\u3001\u5206\u8A5E\u306A\u3069\u306B\u4ED8\u4E0E\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3001\u305D\u306E\u8A9E\u3092\u542B\u3080\u53E5\u304C\u6301\u3064\u610F\u5473\u7684\u30FB\u7D71\u8A9E\u7684\u306A\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u793A\u3059\u6A19\u8B58\u306E\u4F53\u7CFB\u3067\u3001\u8A9E\u5F62\u3092\u6C7A\u3081\u308B\u6587\u6CD5\u7BC4\u7587\u30FB\u7D20\u6027\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u63DB\u8A00\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3001\u5178\u578B\u7684\u306A\u683C\u3068\u306F\u3001\u8A9E\u306E\u5F62\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4E3B\u8A9E\u30FB\u76EE\u7684\u8A9E\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u7D71\u8A9E\u7684\u95A2\u4FC2\u3084\u3001\u884C\u70BA\u306E\u884C\u306A\u308F\u308C\u308B\u5834\u6240\u30FB\u7269\u4F53\u306E\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u610F\u5473\u7684\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u305D\u306E\u8A9E\u3092\u542B\u3080\u53E5\u304C\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3059\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "Przypadek"@pl . "Dalam tata bahasa, kasus dari sebuah kata benda atau kata ganti menunjukkan fungsi tata bahasanya di dalam sebuah frasa atau klausa. Fungsi gramatis ini sebagai contohnya adalah subjek dari kalimat, objek dari kalimat atau kepemilikan. Walau semua bahasa melakukan pembedaan fungsi gramatis pada kata bendanya, kata kasus biasanya merujuk kepada pembedaan fungsi gramatis yang dilakukan pada morfologi kata bendanya atau dengan kata lain kata benda pada bahasa tersebut diubah bentuknya untuk menunjukkan kasusnya. Perubahan bentuk ini adalah sebuah deklinasi yang merupakan sebuah . Kasus berubungan, tetapi berbeda dengan saperti dan , walau beberapa kasus dalam setiap bahasa umumnya berkorespondensi dengan peran tematis tertentu, kasus adalah konsep sintaks dan peran tematis adalah konsep semantis. \n* l \n* b \n* s"@in . . "Kazo (gramatiko)"@eo . . "Mluvnick\u00FD p\u00E1d"@cs . . . "En ling\u00FC\u00EDstica, el cas \u00E9s una categoria de la flexi\u00F3 de noms, adjectius o pronoms, que fa que la paraula adopti diferents formes segons la funci\u00F3 sint\u00E0ctica que fa dins de la frase. Algunes lleng\u00FCes que presenten casos s\u00F3n el llat\u00ED, el grec, el s\u00E0nscrit, l'alemany, o les lleng\u00FCes eslaves, per exemple. La flexi\u00F3 de cas era molt m\u00E9s freq\u00FCent en les lleng\u00FCes indoeuropees antigues que en les actuals, en qu\u00E8 sovint nom\u00E9s en queden restes. Per exemple, entre les lleng\u00FCes rom\u00E0niques, nom\u00E9s el roman\u00E8s mant\u00E9 un sistema de casos en els noms."@ca . . . . "Kasus"@de . . . . "( \uACA9(\u9D59/\u9D03)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uB54C\uAE4C\uCE58 \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.)( \uACA9(\u9B32)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC815 (\uC6A9\uAE30) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.)\n\uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uACA9(\u683C) \uB610\uB294 \uC790\uB9AC\uB294 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uBB38\uBC95 \uBC94\uC8FC\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uD574\uB2F9 \uBA85\uC0AC\uAC00 \uBB38\uC7A5\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uD1B5\uC0AC\uC801 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC744 \uD558\uB294\uC9C0 \uD45C\uD604\uD574 \uC8FC\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC11C\uAD6C \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC801\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC640 \uD615\uC6A9\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uBB38\uBC95 \uBC94\uC8FC\uB85C \uC131, \uC218, \uACA9\uC774 \uB17C\uC758\uB418\uC5B4 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC871\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC5D0\uC11C \uB098\uC628 \uBD84\uC11D\uC774\uB2E4. \uACE0\uC804 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC778 \uACE0\uB300 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC5B4\uC640 \uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBA85\uC0AC\uC640 \uD615\uC6A9\uC0AC\uB294 \uD615\uD0DC\uAC00 \uBCC0\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uC131, \uC218, \uACA9\uC758 \uBB38\uBC95\uC801 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uD45C\uD604\uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uD604\uB300\uC758 \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD604\uC0C1\uC774 \uB0A8\uC544\uC788\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uACE1\uC6A9\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC5C4\uBC00\uD55C \uC758\uBBF8\uC5D0\uC11C \uACA9\uC740 \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC778\uB3C4\uC720\uB7FD\uC5B4\uC871\uC758 \uD604\uC0C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCF4\uB4EF\uC774 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uACE1\uC6A9\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uD45C\uD604\uB418\uB294 \uBB38\uC7A5\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uAE30\uB2A5, \uB300\uD45C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB3D9\uC0AC\uC640 \uB9FA\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uAD00\uACC4\uB97C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uBB38\uBC95 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098, \uACA9\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uACE1\uC6A9\uC774 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB3C4 \uB110\uB9AC \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5B4\uC758 \uC870\uC0AC\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uBB38\uBC95\uC801\uC778 \uAD00\uACC4\uB97C \uD45C\uC2DC\uD558\uB294 \uD45C\uC9C0\uAC00 \uB098\uD0C0\uB098\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uACA9\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uBA70, \uC601\uC5B4\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uC11C\uCC98\uB7FC \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC \uBCC0\uD654\uB294 \uC804\uD600 \uC5C6\uC9C0\uB9CC \uBB38\uC7A5\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uC704\uCE58\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uD1B5\uC0AC\uC801 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC774 \uC815\uD574\uC9C0\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uACA9\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uC798 \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC678\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB4E4\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB97C \uC608\uB85C \uB4E4\uC5B4 \uBCF4\uBA74: \n* \uD615\uD0DC\uB860\uC801 \uACA9 : \uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4, \uB7EC\uC2DC\uC544\uC5B4 \n* \uD615\uD0DC-\uD1B5\uC0AC\uB860\uC801 \uACA9 : \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5B4, \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5B4 \n* \uD1B5\uC0AC\uB860\uC801 \uACA9 : \uC601\uC5B4, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4 \uC5EC\uAE30\uC11C \uB354 \uB098\uC544\uAC00, \uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4\uC758 \uACE1\uC6A9\uACFC \uAC19\uC740 \uD615\uD0DC\uB860\uC801 \uC694\uC18C\uB098, \uD55C\uAD6D\uC5B4\uC758 \uC870\uC0AC\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uC801 \uC694\uC18C, \uB610\uB294 \uC601\uC5B4\uC758 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uC704\uCE58\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uD1B5\uC0AC\uB860\uC801 \uC694\uC18C\uAC00 \uC544\uB2C8\uB354\uB77C\uB3C4 \uBA85\uC0AC\uC758 \uBB38\uC7A5 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uAE30\uB2A5 \uB610\uB294 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uC0C1\uC73C\uB85C \uAD6C\uBD84\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uC744 \uB54C \uADF8 \uBB38\uBC95 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uACA9\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C0\uCE6D\uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . "A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals), which corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories. For instance, in English, one says I see them and they see me: the nominative pronouns I/they represent the perceiver and the accusative pronouns me/them represent the phenomenon perceived. Here, nominative and accusative are cases, that is, categories of pronouns corresponding to the functions they have in representation. English has largely lost its inflected case system but personal pronouns still have three cases, which are simplified forms of the nominative, accusative and genitive cases. They are used with personal pronouns: subjective case (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, whoever), objective case (me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom, whomever) and possessive case (my, mine; your, yours; his; her, hers; its; our, ours; their, theirs; whose; whosever). Forms such as I, he and we are used for the subject (\"I kicked the ball\"), and forms such as me, him and us are used for the object (\"John kicked me\"). As a language evolves, cases can merge (for instance, in Ancient Greek, the locative case merged with the dative case), a phenomenon officially called syncretism. Languages such as Latin, Tamil, Russian and German have extensive case systems, with nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and determiners all inflecting (usually by means of different suffixes) to indicate their case. The number of cases differs between languages: Persian has two; modern English has three but for pronouns only; Torlakian dialects, Classical and Modern Standard Arabic have three; German, Icelandic, Modern Greek, and Irish have four; Romanian and Ancient Greek have five; Bengali, Latin, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, and Turkish each have at least six; Armenian, Czech, Georgian, Kajkavian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Serbian, Croatian and Ukrainian have seven; Mongolian, Sanskrit, Tamil, and Greenlandic have eight; Assamese has 10; Basque has 13; Estonian has 14; Finnish has 15; Hungarian has 18 and Tsez has 64 cases. Commonly encountered cases include nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. A role that one of those languages marks by case is often marked in English with a preposition. For example, the English prepositional phrase with (his) foot (as in \"John kicked the ball with his foot\") might be rendered in Russian using a single noun in the instrumental case, or in Ancient Greek as \u03C4\u1FF7 \u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03AF (t\u00F4i pod\u00ED, meaning \"the foot\") with both words (the definite article, and the noun \u03C0\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 (po\u00FAs) \"foot\") changing to dative form. More formally, case has been defined as \"a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads\". Cases should be distinguished from thematic roles such as agent and patient. They are often closely related, and in languages such as Latin, several thematic roles are realised by a somewhat fixed case for deponent verbs, but cases are a syntagmatic/phrasal category, and thematic roles are the function of a syntagma/phrase in a larger structure. Languages having cases often exhibit free word order, as thematic roles are not required to be marked by position in the sentence."@en . . . . . "Caso (gram\u00E1tica)"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Um caso gramatical \u00E9 uma categoria de nomes e adnomes que corresponde \u00E0s poss\u00EDveis fun\u00E7\u00F5es de um grupo de palavras constitu\u00EDdo por um nome e zero ou mais adnomes. Por exemplo, o pronome subjetivo \u00ABeu\u00BB funciona como Sujeito nas ora\u00E7\u00F5es \u00ABeu o vi.\u00BB e \u00ABeu fui visto por voc\u00EA.\u00BB; o pronome objetivo \u00ABme\u00BB funciona como Objeto na ora\u00E7\u00E3o \u00ABvoc\u00EA me viu.\u00BB , o pronome adjuntivo \u00ABmim\u00BB funciona como Adjunto na ora\u00E7\u00E3o \u00ABvoc\u00EA foi visto por mim.\u00BB e o pronome possessivo \u00ABmeu\u00BB representa o Possuidor na ora\u00E7\u00E3o \u00ABesse carro \u00E9 meu.\u00BB. Aqui \"subjetivo\", \"objetivo\", \"adjuntivo\", \"possessivo\" s\u00E3o casos gramaticais, ou seja, categorias de pronomes. Em contrapartida, Sujeito, Objeto, Adjunto e Possuidor s\u00E3o as fun\u00E7\u00F5es que esses pronomes exercem nas ora\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "12898"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "P\u00E1d je morfologick\u00E1 kategorie, kterou flexivn\u00ED jazyky obvykle vyjad\u0159uj\u00ED vztah jmen (nomin) ke slovesu \u010Di jin\u00FDm v\u011Btn\u00FDm \u010Dlen\u016Fm. \u010Ce\u0161tina rozli\u0161uje 7 p\u00E1d\u016F. V jin\u00FDch jazyc\u00EDch n\u011Bkter\u00E9 z nich chyb\u00ED nebo se naopak vyskytuje \u0159ada p\u00E1d\u016F, kter\u00E9 nezn\u00E1 \u010De\u0161tina. Tradi\u010Dn\u011B uv\u00E1d\u011Bn\u00E9 po\u0159ad\u00ED m\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt v mluvnic\u00EDch jin\u00FDch jazyk\u016F od \u010De\u0161tiny odli\u0161n\u00E9, proto se pro porovn\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED jazyk\u016F mnohem v\u00EDce ne\u017E \u010Desk\u00E9 \u010D\u00EDslov\u00E1n\u00ED (1. p\u00E1d, \u2026, 7. p\u00E1d) hod\u00ED slovn\u00ED n\u00E1zvy p\u00E1d\u016F odvozen\u00E9 z latiny. Av\u0161ak ani funkce p\u00E1du s konkr\u00E9tn\u00EDm jm\u00E9nem, by\u0165 podobn\u00E1, neb\u00FDv\u00E1 ve dvou r\u016Fzn\u00FDch jazyc\u00EDch zcela shodn\u00E1."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Grammatical case"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "In linguistica, il caso \u00E8 una categoria grammaticale che consiste nella modificazione di un nome a seconda della sua funzione logica (soggetto, complemento diretto, complemento indiretto, ecc.). In alcune lingue, sia moderne sia antiche, ogni parola assume forme diverse a seconda della funzione svolta nella frase.In italiano, la declinazione secondo il caso \u00E8 ormai decaduta per quanto riguarda nomi e aggettivi.Tali parole assumono sempre la stessa forma per qualunque funzione assolta nel periodo (soggetto, complemento).Ad esempio, in italiano, la parola cane \u00E8 sempre la stessa in ogni ambito della frase: il cane azzann\u00F2 la pecora, ho dato da mangiare al cane, la cuccia del cane ecc. D'altra parte, i pronomi personali (Io, tu, egli, ella, essi) assumono una forma diversa a seconda del ruolo svolto: io mangio, ma il coccodrillo mangia me: essi, infatti, sono l'ultimo retaggio delle declinazioni latine. La funzione logica dei casi pu\u00F2 essere svolta anche da una preposizione, come ad esempio accade in italiano, o da una posposizione, come accade nel giapponese.Quindi mentre in latino si dice ad esempio lib-er, libr-i, libr-o, in italiano abbiamo il libr-o, del libr-o, al libr-o.I due meccanismi (casi e pre/posposizioni) solitamente coesistono nella stessa lingua (es. latino ad urbem, costituito dalla preposizione ad e dall'accusativo urbem)."@it . "\u683C"@ja . . . . . . "Een naamval of casus is een middel waarmee de grammaticale functie van een lidwoord, naamwoord of voornaamwoord in het grotere verband van de zin wordt aangegeven. Meer in het bijzonder wordt meestal gedoeld op de morfologische kenmerken waardoor de betreffende woorden bepaalde uiterlijke wijzigingen ondergaan, in de vorm van vaste naamvalsuitgangen en/of een paradigmatische vormverandering. Daarnaast wordt soms ook gesproken van \"onzichtbare\" (abstracte) naamvallen. Talen waarin naamvallen een belangrijke rol spelen worden synthetische talen genoemd. Analytische talen zijn talen waarin de rol van naamvallen veel beperkter is. Het meest extreme geval, het volledig ontbreken van een naamvallensysteem (of in iets bredere zin van flexie), is kenmerkend voor een isolerende taal. Sommige talen, zoals het Nieuwgrieks en het Arabisch, hebben slechts een paar naamvallen. Andere niet-Indo-Europese talen hebben er veel meer, zoals veel Oeraalse talen en het Baskisch. De Chinese talen en de in een klein deel van Afrika gesproken Gbe-talen worden tot de isolerende talen gerekend omdat deze talen vrijwel volledig zonder naamvallen werken."@nl . "Przypadek \u2013 kategoria gramatyczna, przez kt\u00F3r\u0105 odmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 rzeczowniki, przymiotniki, liczebniki, zaimki, imies\u0142owy (okre\u015Blane przez to zbiorczym mianem imion), a niekiedy te\u017C czasowniki (co w j\u0119zyku polskim nie wyst\u0119puje), b\u0119d\u0105ca odzwierciedleniem ich r\u00F3\u017Cnorodnych funkcji."@pl . . . . . . . . . "Kasus"@sv . . . "P\u00E1d je morfologick\u00E1 kategorie, kterou flexivn\u00ED jazyky obvykle vyjad\u0159uj\u00ED vztah jmen (nomin) ke slovesu \u010Di jin\u00FDm v\u011Btn\u00FDm \u010Dlen\u016Fm. \u010Ce\u0161tina rozli\u0161uje 7 p\u00E1d\u016F. V jin\u00FDch jazyc\u00EDch n\u011Bkter\u00E9 z nich chyb\u00ED nebo se naopak vyskytuje \u0159ada p\u00E1d\u016F, kter\u00E9 nezn\u00E1 \u010De\u0161tina. Tradi\u010Dn\u011B uv\u00E1d\u011Bn\u00E9 po\u0159ad\u00ED m\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt v mluvnic\u00EDch jin\u00FDch jazyk\u016F od \u010De\u0161tiny odli\u0161n\u00E9, proto se pro porovn\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED jazyk\u016F mnohem v\u00EDce ne\u017E \u010Desk\u00E9 \u010D\u00EDslov\u00E1n\u00ED (1. p\u00E1d, \u2026, 7. p\u00E1d) hod\u00ED slovn\u00ED n\u00E1zvy p\u00E1d\u016F odvozen\u00E9 z latiny. Av\u0161ak ani funkce p\u00E1du s konkr\u00E9tn\u00EDm jm\u00E9nem, by\u0165 podobn\u00E1, neb\u00FDv\u00E1 ve dvou r\u016Fzn\u00FDch jazyc\u00EDch zcela shodn\u00E1. V souvislosti s valenc\u00ED se pou\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED pojmy prost\u00FD p\u00E1d a p\u0159edlo\u017Ekov\u00FD p\u00E1d. Tyto v\u00FDrazy vyjad\u0159uj\u00ED, zda nad\u0159azen\u00E9 sloveso (pop\u0159. p\u0159\u00EDdavn\u00E9 jm\u00E9no, podstatn\u00E9 jm\u00E9no nebo dokonce p\u0159\u00EDslovce) vy\u017Eaduje pou\u017Eit\u00ED dan\u00E9ho p\u00E1du spolu s ur\u010Ditou p\u0159edlo\u017Ekou, nebo bez p\u0159edlo\u017Eky. Jde tedy o konkr\u00E9tn\u00ED pou\u017Eit\u00ED p\u00E1du, nikoli o d\u011Blen\u00ED p\u00E1d\u016F do kategori\u00ED - v\u011Bt\u0161ina \u010Desk\u00FDch p\u00E1d\u016F m\u016F\u017Ee fungovat jako prost\u00E1 i p\u0159edlo\u017Ekov\u00E1, pouze nominativ a vokativ jsou v\u00FDhradn\u011B prost\u00E9 a pouze lok\u00E1l je v\u00FDhradn\u011B p\u0159edlo\u017Ekov\u00FD."@cs . "Kasua hitz batek, perpausean funtzio jakin bat betetzeko, agertzen duen flexio forma da. Kasu gramatikala mota berezi bat da, elementu predikatibo baten erreakzioari lotua (eskuarki, aditz bati). Hizkuntza batek deklinazio morfologikoa badu, kasuak dituela esaten da (latina, adibidez); hala ere, deklinazio preposizionala baino ez duten hizkuntzak ere badaude (gaztelania, adibidez). Gramatika sortzailearen arabera, lehenei kasu morfologiko esaten zaie, eta bigarrenei, kasu sintaktiko."@eu . . . "Kasu (gramatika)"@eu . . . . . . . "Kasua hitz batek, perpausean funtzio jakin bat betetzeko, agertzen duen flexio forma da. Kasu gramatikala mota berezi bat da, elementu predikatibo baten erreakzioari lotua (eskuarki, aditz bati). Hizkuntza batek deklinazio morfologikoa badu, kasuak dituela esaten da (latina, adibidez); hala ere, deklinazio preposizionala baino ez duten hizkuntzak ere badaude (gaztelania, adibidez). Gramatika sortzailearen arabera, lehenei kasu morfologiko esaten zaie, eta bigarrenei, kasu sintaktiko. Gramatika tradizionalean, \"kasu\" terminoak forma bakoitza adierazteko balio du, flexioaren arabera (deklinabidea ere deitua) edo izen sintagmako nukleo batekin batera doan preposizioaren arabera (artikulua, izena, adjektiboa edo izenordaina). Hizkuntza bakoitzean kasu berak harreman gramatikal berberak sistematikoki markatzen ditu."@eu . "Cas gramatical"@ca . . "Caso (linguistica)"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043A"@uk . . "Kasus \u00E4r en grammatisk kategori f\u00F6r nomen (eller nominalfraser), som markerar dessas funktion i satsen. I f\u00F6rsta hand g\u00E4ller det pronomen och substantiv \u2013 samt substantiverade former av \u00F6vriga nomen. I m\u00E5nga spr\u00E5k som anv\u00E4nder kasus kongruensb\u00F6js dock andra nomen, som r\u00E4kneord och adjektiv (samt adjektiviskt anv\u00E4nda particip), med huvudordet. Allra vanligast \u00E4r denna kasuskongruens hos spr\u00E5k d\u00E4r adjektivattribut i allm\u00E4nhet placeras efter huvudordet."@sv . . . . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0436 \u0432 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u044F \u2014 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 (\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445) \u0438 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A \u043D\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 (\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0438\u043D\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447.), \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0438/\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u041F\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 (\u0441\u0440. \u0441 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0435\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043A \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C). \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043E\u043A \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F. \u0412 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u044F \u0441\u0431\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439."@ru . . . . "Gramatika kazo (a\u016D simple kazo) (la\u016D latina casus [\u02C8ka\u02D0z\u028As], Pl.: cas\u016Bs kun longva u [\u02C8ka\u02D0zu\u02D0s]) estas en gramatiko fleksia kategorio de substantivecaj vortospecoj (=deklinacio). Per tio la nomo montras sian funkcion ene de senca kombino de frazo. En morfologio kazo estas morfologia kategorio, kiu estas markita per sistemo je unu al alia vidalvide starantaj formaroj, dum ke \u0109i tiuj formoj respegulas rilaton de unu objekto al aliaj objektoj en certa situacio. Tipe vorto portas nur unu kazan markilon, en kelkaj lingvoj tamen ekzistas anka\u016D vortoj kun du a\u016D pli da kazaj markiloj."@eo . . . . . . "\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . "Een naamval of casus is een middel waarmee de grammaticale functie van een lidwoord, naamwoord of voornaamwoord in het grotere verband van de zin wordt aangegeven. Meer in het bijzonder wordt meestal gedoeld op de morfologische kenmerken waardoor de betreffende woorden bepaalde uiterlijke wijzigingen ondergaan, in de vorm van vaste naamvalsuitgangen en/of een paradigmatische vormverandering. Daarnaast wordt soms ook gesproken van \"onzichtbare\" (abstracte) naamvallen."@nl . . . . . . . . . "\u683C\uFF08\u304B\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: Case\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u540D\u8A5E\u3001\u4EE3\u540D\u8A5E\u3001\u5F62\u5BB9\u8A5E\u3001\u5206\u8A5E\u306A\u3069\u306B\u4ED8\u4E0E\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3001\u305D\u306E\u8A9E\u3092\u542B\u3080\u53E5\u304C\u6301\u3064\u610F\u5473\u7684\u30FB\u7D71\u8A9E\u7684\u306A\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u793A\u3059\u6A19\u8B58\u306E\u4F53\u7CFB\u3067\u3001\u8A9E\u5F62\u3092\u6C7A\u3081\u308B\u6587\u6CD5\u7BC4\u7587\u30FB\u7D20\u6027\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u63DB\u8A00\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3001\u5178\u578B\u7684\u306A\u683C\u3068\u306F\u3001\u8A9E\u306E\u5F62\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4E3B\u8A9E\u30FB\u76EE\u7684\u8A9E\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u7D71\u8A9E\u7684\u95A2\u4FC2\u3084\u3001\u884C\u70BA\u306E\u884C\u306A\u308F\u308C\u308B\u5834\u6240\u30FB\u7269\u4F53\u306E\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u610F\u5473\u7684\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u305D\u306E\u8A9E\u3092\u542B\u3080\u53E5\u304C\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3059\u30DE\u30FC\u30AF\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "En ling\u00FC\u00EDstica, el cas \u00E9s una categoria de la flexi\u00F3 de noms, adjectius o pronoms, que fa que la paraula adopti diferents formes segons la funci\u00F3 sint\u00E0ctica que fa dins de la frase. Algunes lleng\u00FCes que presenten casos s\u00F3n el llat\u00ED, el grec, el s\u00E0nscrit, l'alemany, o les lleng\u00FCes eslaves, per exemple. En catal\u00E0, i en la majoria de lleng\u00FCes rom\u00E0niques (excepte el roman\u00E8s), nom\u00E9s queden vestigis dels casos llatins en el sistema de pronoms personals. Per exemple, les diferents funcions sint\u00E0ctiques dels pronoms ell, lo, li, seu correspondrien aproximadament als casos del llat\u00ED nominatiu, acusatiu, datiu, i genitiu. La flexi\u00F3 de cas era molt m\u00E9s freq\u00FCent en les lleng\u00FCes indoeuropees antigues que en les actuals, en qu\u00E8 sovint nom\u00E9s en queden restes. Per exemple, entre les lleng\u00FCes rom\u00E0niques, nom\u00E9s el roman\u00E8s mant\u00E9 un sistema de casos en els noms. El sistema de casos del grec modern \u00E9s molt m\u00E9s senzill que el del grec cl\u00E0ssic. L'angl\u00E8s, entre les lleng\u00FCes germ\u00E0niques, tamb\u00E9 ha perdut pr\u00E0cticament el sistema de casos i nom\u00E9s en queden vestigis en alguns pronoms personals(per exemple, les diferents formes del pronom \"he, him, his\") i pronoms relatius (les diferents formes del pronom \"who, whom, whose\"), i en el denominat genitiu sax\u00F3, que marca el posse\u00EFdor amb una terminaci\u00F3 \"'s\". La flexi\u00F3 pel cas acostuma a permetre un ordre de les paraules m\u00E9s lliure, ja que les relacions sint\u00E0ctiques poden quedar expl\u00EDcites per la forma flexiva de les paraules. Per exemple, en la frase llatina 'Reginam populus amat' les terminacions permeten entendre que la frase diu 'el poble estima la reina' i no al rev\u00E9s. En canvi, 'Regina populum amat' voldria dir 'la reina estima el poble'."@ca . . . . . . "En gram\u00E1tica, el caso es indicativo del rol que cumplen ciertas palabras y sintagmas dentro de una frase dada. Se puede entender de dos maneras, relacionadas entre s\u00ED: \n* En forma m\u00E1s amplia, desde un punto sint\u00E1ctico, el t\u00E9rmino caso o caso sint\u00E1ctico indica el papel que desempe\u00F1a una palabra o sintagma dentro de una frase; este papel puede ser indicado mediante una declinaci\u00F3n particular del sintagma (propio de las lenguas sint\u00E9ticas, como el lat\u00EDn, el alem\u00E1n, o las lenguas eslavas, entre otras), pero tambi\u00E9n puede deducirse a partir de las part\u00EDculas adjuntas, tales como preposiciones, por el orden de la frase, o cualquier otro mecanismo, seg\u00FAn la gram\u00E1tica de cada lengua concreta. \n* El caso morfol\u00F3gico, en cambio, es una entre diversas formas de flexionar (es decir, de modificar, o de"@es . . . . .