"Body-on-frame"@en . . . . . "9152"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Body-on-frame, also known as ladder frame construction, is a common motor vehicle construction method, whereby a separate body or coach is mounted on a strong and relatively rigid vehicle frame or chassis that carries the powertrain (the engine and drivetrain) and to which the wheels and their suspension, brakes, and steering are mounted. While this was the original method of building automobiles, body-on-frame construction is now used mainly for heavy trucks, pickups, and predominantly large SUVs. In the late 19th century the frames, like those of the carriages they replaced, might be made of wood (commonly ash), reinforced by steel flitch plates \u2013 but in the early 20th century steel ladder frames or chassis rapidly became standard. Mass production of all-metal bodies began with the Budd Company and the Dodge Brothers. Mass production of all-metal bodies became general in the 1920s but Europe, with exceptions, followed almost a decade later. Europe's custom-made or \"coachbuilt\" cars usually contained some wood framing or used aluminium alloy castings. Towards the beginning of international automobile assembly and construction, most manufacturers created rolling chassis consisting of a powertrain, suspension, steering column and a fuel tank that was then sent to a coachbuilder that added the body, interior and upholstery to the customers specific requests. In contrast, unibody or monocoque designs, where panels within the body supported the car on its suspension, were developed by European manufacturers in the late 1920s with Budd USA (which had a number of large factories in Europe) and its technical knowhow. Because of the high cost of designing and developing these structures and the high cost of specialised machinery to make the large pressings required by this style of construction it is not used by low-volume manufacturers, who might construct an equivalent by welding steel tube to form a suitable space frame."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1399124"^^ . . "Rambygge"@sv . "Un bastidor o chasis (que es parte de un chasis pero es m\u00E1s conocido como tal por su importancia en el chasis), es una estructura compuesta por largueros (vigas longitudinales) y travesa\u00F1os (vigas transversales) a la que de una forma u otra se deben fijar todos los elementos y grupos mec\u00E1nicos que conforman un autom\u00F3vil, como el motor, los grupos de transmisiones, los ejes de carrocer\u00EDas, etc."@es . "Rambygge kallas det n\u00E4r chassit och karossen \u00E4r separat byggda p\u00E5 ett fordon."@sv . . . . "Body-on-frame, also known as ladder frame construction, is a common motor vehicle construction method, whereby a separate body or coach is mounted on a strong and relatively rigid vehicle frame or chassis that carries the powertrain (the engine and drivetrain) and to which the wheels and their suspension, brakes, and steering are mounted. While this was the original method of building automobiles, body-on-frame construction is now used mainly for heavy trucks, pickups, and predominantly large SUVs."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD504\uB808\uC784 \uCC28\uCCB4\uB294 \uCC28\uCCB4\uAC00 \uD504\uB808\uC784\uACFC \uB098\uB204\uC5B4\uC838 \uC788\uB294 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC758 \uCC28\uCCB4 \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC815\uC2DD \uBA85\uCE6D\uC740 \uC774\uB2E4. \uD504\uB808\uC784 \uCC28\uCCB4\uB294 \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5D0\uC11C \uC720\uC785\uB41C \uC798\uBABB\uB41C \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC18\uB300\uB294 \uBAA8\uB178\uCF54\uD06C \uCC28\uCCB4\uC774\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB178\uCF54\uD06C \uCC28\uCCB4\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uCC0C\uADF8\uB7EC\uC9D0\uC774 \uB35C\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uCDA9\uACA9\uC744 \uCC28\uCCB4 \uC804\uCCB4\uB85C \uD761\uC218\uC2DC\uCF1C\uC8FC\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uBAA8\uB178\uCF54\uD06C \uCC28\uCCB4\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC624\uD788\uB824 \uB354 \uC704\uD5D8\uD558\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD3EC\uCE20 \uC720\uD2F8\uB9AC\uD2F0 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC640 \uD2B8\uB7ED, \uB300\uD615 \uCC28\uB7C9\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uB85C \uB9CE\uC774 \uC4F0\uC778\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC2A4\uD3EC\uCE20 \uC720\uD2F8\uB9AC\uD2F0 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0, \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0\uB294 \uD504\uB808\uC784 \uCC28\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC798 \uC4F0\uC774\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "\uD504\uB808\uC784 \uCC28\uCCB4"@ko . . . . . . . . . "Bastidor (veh\u00EDculo)"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Un bastidor o chasis (que es parte de un chasis pero es m\u00E1s conocido como tal por su importancia en el chasis), es una estructura compuesta por largueros (vigas longitudinales) y travesa\u00F1os (vigas transversales) a la que de una forma u otra se deben fijar todos los elementos y grupos mec\u00E1nicos que conforman un autom\u00F3vil, como el motor, los grupos de transmisiones, los ejes de carrocer\u00EDas, etc. A partir de la d\u00E9cada de 1950, el empleo del bastidor se ha limitado principalmente a los veh\u00EDculos todo-terreno, camiones, camionetas grandes y algunas camionetas livianas, y se ha sustituido en la mayor\u00EDa de los autom\u00F3viles por carrocer\u00EDas monocasco, en las que bastidor y carrocer\u00EDa quedan integrados en un \u00FAnica estructura (generalmente de acero), de la que no pueden separarse. Es importante recalcar que el bastidor (que forma parte del chasis) es totalmente independiente de la carrocer\u00EDa, aporta gran rigidez y soporta grandes esfuerzos sin que influya su alineaci\u00F3n durante la marcha por las irregularidades del camino."@es . . . . . . . . . "Rambygge kallas det n\u00E4r chassit och karossen \u00E4r separat byggda p\u00E5 ett fordon."@sv . . "Carrosserie sur ch\u00E2ssis"@fr . . . . . "La carrosserie sur ch\u00E2ssis est une m\u00E9thode traditionnelle de construction automobile. Le montage s\u00E9par\u00E9 de la carrosserie sur un ch\u00E2ssis rigide qui prend en charge la transmission fut la m\u00E9thode originale de construction d'automobiles, dont l'assemblage est encore employ\u00E9. \u00C0 l'origine, les ch\u00E2ssis furent construits en bois (g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement de fr\u00E8ne), mais ses assemblages en \u00E9chelle d'acier devinrent communs dans les ann\u00E9es 1930. Cette technique n'est pas comparable aux nouvelles carrosseries monocoque, et peu de v\u00E9hicules modernes les utilisent encore outre les camions."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD504\uB808\uC784 \uCC28\uCCB4\uB294 \uCC28\uCCB4\uAC00 \uD504\uB808\uC784\uACFC \uB098\uB204\uC5B4\uC838 \uC788\uB294 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC758 \uCC28\uCCB4 \uAD6C\uC870\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC815\uC2DD \uBA85\uCE6D\uC740 \uC774\uB2E4. \uD504\uB808\uC784 \uCC28\uCCB4\uB294 \uC77C\uBCF8\uC5D0\uC11C \uC720\uC785\uB41C \uC798\uBABB\uB41C \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uBC18\uB300\uB294 \uBAA8\uB178\uCF54\uD06C \uCC28\uCCB4\uC774\uB2E4. \uBAA8\uB178\uCF54\uD06C \uCC28\uCCB4\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uCC0C\uADF8\uB7EC\uC9D0\uC774 \uB35C\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uCDA9\uACA9\uC744 \uCC28\uCCB4 \uC804\uCCB4\uB85C \uD761\uC218\uC2DC\uCF1C\uC8FC\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uBAA8\uB178\uCF54\uD06C \uCC28\uCCB4\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC624\uD788\uB824 \uB354 \uC704\uD5D8\uD558\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD3EC\uCE20 \uC720\uD2F8\uB9AC\uD2F0 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC640 \uD2B8\uB7ED, \uB300\uD615 \uCC28\uB7C9\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uB85C \uB9CE\uC774 \uC4F0\uC778\uB2E4. \uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC2A4\uD3EC\uCE20 \uC720\uD2F8\uB9AC\uD2F0 \uC790\uB3D9\uCC28\uC758 \uACBD\uC6B0, \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0\uB294 \uD504\uB808\uC784 \uCC28\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC798 \uC4F0\uC774\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4."@ko . "1121518963"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La carrosserie sur ch\u00E2ssis est une m\u00E9thode traditionnelle de construction automobile. Le montage s\u00E9par\u00E9 de la carrosserie sur un ch\u00E2ssis rigide qui prend en charge la transmission fut la m\u00E9thode originale de construction d'automobiles, dont l'assemblage est encore employ\u00E9. \u00C0 l'origine, les ch\u00E2ssis furent construits en bois (g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement de fr\u00E8ne), mais ses assemblages en \u00E9chelle d'acier devinrent communs dans les ann\u00E9es 1930. Cette technique n'est pas comparable aux nouvelles carrosseries monocoque, et peu de v\u00E9hicules modernes les utilisent encore outre les camions."@fr . . . . . . . . . .