. . . . . . . . "Il processo Linz- (BOS, BOP, BOF, OSM, Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren, LD-converter, Oxygen Converter Process) (Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren: ivi infatti fu inizialmente praticato) \u00E8 il principale processo di produzione dell'acciaio da ghisa. Il processo fu interamente sviluppato nel 1948 dall'ingegnere svizzero Robert Durrer del tutto fuori dall'ambiente tradizionale del \"big steel\", e ridusse sin dall'inizio i costi degli impianti e tempi di forgiatura, e aument\u00F2 considerevolmente la produttivit\u00E0."@it . . . . . "Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz-Donawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or dolomite, which are chemical bases, are added to promote the removal of impurities and protect the lining of the converter."@en . "Syrgasprocess, process inom metallurgi d\u00E4r en metallsm\u00E4lta renas genom bl\u00E5sning av syrgas mot eller genom sm\u00E4ltan. Processen genomf\u00F6rs vanligen i en , och kallas d\u00E5 syrgaskonverterprocess. Exempel p\u00E5 syrgasprocesser \u00E4r OBM-processen och LD-processen (en. Basic Oxygen Furnace, uppkallad efter st\u00E4derna Linz och Donawitz), fr\u00E4mst f\u00F6r framst\u00E4llning av st\u00E5l, men \u00E4ven konvertering av kopparsk\u00E4rsten till r\u00E5koppar vid kopparframst\u00E4llning."@sv . . . . . . "Proc\u00E9d\u00E9 LD"@fr . . . "Pembuatan Baja dengan Oksigen Dasar/Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, dan OSM), juga dikenal sebagai pembuatan baja proses Linz\u2013Donawitz atau proses pengubahan menggunakan oksigen adalah metode utama pembuatan baja di mana pig iron cair yang kaya akan karbon dibuat menjadi baja. Peniupan Oksigen ketengah-tengah cairan terak akan menurunkan kandungan karbon alloy dan mengubah cairan itu menjadi cairan baja karbon rendah. Proses ini dikenal sebagai dasar karena dari dibakar kapur atau dolomit, yang secara kimia adalah unsur dasar, yang ditambahkan kedalam tungku untuk mempercepat penghapusan perkotoran dan melindungi lapisan tungku pengubah. Proses ini dikembangkan pada tahun 1948 oleh insinyur Swiss dan dikomersialkan pada 1952-1953 oleh perusahaan pembuat baja asal Austria . LD converter, dinamai sesuai dengan kota di Austria yaitu Linz dan Donawitz (kota Leoben) adalah versi lebih murni dari Bessemer converter dimana hembusan udara diganti dengan peniupan oksigen. Hal ini mengurangi biaya modal dari pabrik, waktu peleburan, dan peningkatan produktivitas tenaga kerja. Antara tahun 1920 dan tahun 2000, kebutuhan tenaga kerja di industri pembuatan baja menurun dengan faktor 1.000, lebih dari 3 jam per metrik ton menjadi hanya 0.003 jam saja. sebagian besar baja diproduksi di dunia diproduksi menggunakan tungku oksigen dasar. Pada tahun 2000, proses ini menyumbang 60% dari output baja global. Tungku Modern akan membawa muatan besi hingga 400 ton dan mengubahnya menjadi baja dalam waktu kurang dari 40 menit, dibandingkan dengan 10-12 jam dalam proses ."@in . . . . . . "O Conversor a Oxig\u00EAnio ou Processo Linz-Donawitz \u00E9 o processo mais comum para a produ\u00E7\u00E3o de a\u00E7o. Nos conversores a oxig\u00EAnio s\u00E3o fabricados mais de 50% da produ\u00E7\u00E3o mundial de a\u00E7o. No Brasil eles tamb\u00E9m s\u00E3o amplamente utilizados. A carga desse conversor \u00E9 constitu\u00EDda de ferro gusa l\u00EDquido, sucata de ferro, min\u00E9rio de ferro e aditivos (fundentes).Com uma lan\u00E7a refrigerada com \u00E1gua, injeta-se oxig\u00EAnio puro a uma press\u00E3o de 4 a 12bar no conversor. Pela adi\u00E7\u00E3o de fundentes como a cal, os acompanhantes do ferro como o mangan\u00EAs, sil\u00EDcio, f\u00F3sforo e enxofre unem-se formando a esc\u00F3ria."@pt . . . . "Oxystaal"@nl . . . . . . . "1109825550"^^ . . "\u8EE2\u7089"@ja . "\u041A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru . . . "945488"^^ . . . "Le proc\u00E9d\u00E9 LD ou proc\u00E9d\u00E9 Linz- (de) est un proc\u00E9d\u00E9 d'affinage de la fonte en fusion en acier. Il s'agit d'un convertisseur \u00E0 l'oxyg\u00E8ne pur, o\u00F9 ce dernier est violemment insuffl\u00E9 par une lance dans le m\u00E9tal en fusion. A ses d\u00E9buts, le proc\u00E9d\u00E9 LD-AC avait un rendement fer entre 93 et 94 %. En 1973, il atteint 95 %. En 2014, 73,6 % de la production mondiale d'acier est r\u00E9alis\u00E9e par ce proc\u00E9d\u00E9."@fr . . . "\u041A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445-\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u0432\u043A\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 (\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0430, \u0443\u0433\u043B\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.) \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430. \u0412\u044B\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043F\u043B\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043D\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u044B. \u041D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E XXI \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 60 % \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C."@ru . . "\u8EE2\u7089\uFF08\u3066\u3093\u308D\u3001converter\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u88FD\u9244\u6240\u7B49\u306E\u8A2D\u5099\u306E1\u3064\u3067\u9244\u3084\u9285\u306A\u3069\u306E\u91D1\u5C5E\u7CBE\u932C\u5C02\u7528\u306E\u7089\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u56DE\u8EE2\u3067\u304D\u308B\u7089\u3060\u304B\u3089\u300C\u8EE2\u7089\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306E\u306F\u672C\u6765\u306E\u610F\u5473\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u9291\u9244\u3092\u92FC\u306B\u8EE2\u63DB\u3059\u308B\u7089\u3001\u3064\u307E\u308A\u300C\u8EE2\u63DB\u7089\u300D\uFF08converter\uFF09\u306B\u7531\u6765\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u8EE2\u7089\u306B\u3088\u308B\u7CBE\u932C\u6CD5\u306E\u767A\u660E\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u306E\u30D8\u30F3\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D9\u30C3\u30BB\u30DE\u30FC\uFF08Henry Bessemer, 1813-1898\uFF09\u304C\u4F7F\u3044\u59CB\u3081\u305F\u8A00\u8449\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "Processo LD"@it . "Il processo Linz- (BOS, BOP, BOF, OSM, Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren, LD-converter, Oxygen Converter Process) (Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren: ivi infatti fu inizialmente praticato) \u00E8 il principale processo di produzione dell'acciaio da ghisa. Il processo fu interamente sviluppato nel 1948 dall'ingegnere svizzero Robert Durrer del tutto fuori dall'ambiente tradizionale del \"big steel\", e ridusse sin dall'inizio i costi degli impianti e tempi di forgiatura, e aument\u00F2 considerevolmente la produttivit\u00E0. In questo modo non solo aument\u00F2 inizialmente il vantaggio competitivo dell'acciaio austriaco, contribuendo alla rinascita postbellica, ma fu in gran parte responsabile dell'abbattimento tra il 1920 e il 2000 dei requisiti di manodopera nell'industria siderurgica di un fattore 1000 (da pi\u00F9 di tre ore lavorative per tonnellata ad appena 0.003). La stragrande maggioranza dell'acciaio fabbricato sul pianeta \u00E8 prodotto usando la fornace basica all'ossigeno; nel 2000, \u00E8 stimata al 60% dell'output globale d'acciaio. La fornaci moderne prendono una carica di ghisa di peso superiore alle 350 tonnellate e la convertono in acciaio in meno di 40 minuti, che vanno confrontati alle 10\u201312 ore che servono ad una ."@it . . . . . . . . . "Das Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren (LD-Verfahren; englisch basic oxygen process, BOP) ist ein Sauerstoffblasverfahren zum Frischen, also zur Stahlerzeugung durch Umwandlung von kohlenstoffreichem Roheisen in kohlenstoffarmen Stahl. Mit dem LD-Verfahren werden derzeit 72 % der Weltrohstahlproduktion hergestellt (Stand: 2013). Stahlwerke nach diesem Verfahren k\u00F6nnen lizenzfrei betrieben werden, da alle wichtigen Patente abgelaufen sind. Benannt ist es nach den beiden \u00F6sterreichischen Stahlwerken Linz (Ober\u00F6sterreich) und Donawitz (Steiermark), deren Ingenieure den Prozess entwickelt haben."@de . . "Syrgasprocess, process inom metallurgi d\u00E4r en metallsm\u00E4lta renas genom bl\u00E5sning av syrgas mot eller genom sm\u00E4ltan. Processen genomf\u00F6rs vanligen i en , och kallas d\u00E5 syrgaskonverterprocess. Exempel p\u00E5 syrgasprocesser \u00E4r OBM-processen och LD-processen (en. Basic Oxygen Furnace, uppkallad efter st\u00E4derna Linz och Donawitz), fr\u00E4mst f\u00F6r framst\u00E4llning av st\u00E5l, men \u00E4ven konvertering av kopparsk\u00E4rsten till r\u00E5koppar vid kopparframst\u00E4llning."@sv . "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E-\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456"@uk . . . . "Pembuatan Baja dengan Oksigen Dasar/Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, dan OSM), juga dikenal sebagai pembuatan baja proses Linz\u2013Donawitz atau proses pengubahan menggunakan oksigen adalah metode utama pembuatan baja di mana pig iron cair yang kaya akan karbon dibuat menjadi baja. Peniupan Oksigen ketengah-tengah cairan terak akan menurunkan kandungan karbon alloy dan mengubah cairan itu menjadi cairan baja karbon rendah. Proses ini dikenal sebagai dasar karena dari dibakar kapur atau dolomit, yang secara kimia adalah unsur dasar, yang ditambahkan kedalam tungku untuk mempercepat penghapusan perkotoran dan melindungi lapisan tungku pengubah."@in . . . . . . "Pembuatan baja dengan oksigen dasar"@in . "Le proc\u00E9d\u00E9 LD ou proc\u00E9d\u00E9 Linz- (de) est un proc\u00E9d\u00E9 d'affinage de la fonte en fusion en acier. Il s'agit d'un convertisseur \u00E0 l'oxyg\u00E8ne pur, o\u00F9 ce dernier est violemment insuffl\u00E9 par une lance dans le m\u00E9tal en fusion. La r\u00E9action est analogue \u00E0 celle du proc\u00E9d\u00E9 Bessemer ou Thomas. Mais on obtient un acier qui peut \u00EAtre utilis\u00E9 \u00E0 des usages pour lesquels seuls les aciers Martin-Siemens ou \u00E9lectriques convenaient. Surtout, le proc\u00E9d\u00E9 est beaucoup plus \u00E9conomique tant par les frais d\u2019installation consid\u00E9rablement moindres de 30 \u00E0 40 % que par les frais d\u2019exploitation : on estime que trois convertisseurs de 40 \u00E0 50 tonnes remplacent 8 gros fours Martin-Siemens de 250 \u00E0 300 tonnes. Cette \u00E9conomie de moyen g\u00E9n\u00E8re de m\u00EAme d'importants gains d'exploitation, de maintenance et de personnel. En termes de capacit\u00E9, 2 convertisseurs LD de 180 tonnes produisant 1,5 Mt/an d'acier sont \u00E9quivalents \u00E0 5 fours Martin-Siemens de 300 tonnes chacun. Mais la construction de l'aci\u00E9rie Martin coute deux fois plus cher \u00E0 construire : en 1966, elle est estim\u00E9e \u00E0 50 M$ contre 26 M$ pour son \u00E9quivalent LD. A ses d\u00E9buts, le proc\u00E9d\u00E9 LD-AC avait un rendement fer entre 93 et 94 %. En 1973, il atteint 95 %. En 2014, 73,6 % de la production mondiale d'acier est r\u00E9alis\u00E9e par ce proc\u00E9d\u00E9."@fr . "Acer\u00EDa de ox\u00EDgeno b\u00E1sico"@es . . . . . . "Basic oxygen steelmaking"@en . "O Conversor a Oxig\u00EAnio ou Processo Linz-Donawitz \u00E9 o processo mais comum para a produ\u00E7\u00E3o de a\u00E7o. Nos conversores a oxig\u00EAnio s\u00E3o fabricados mais de 50% da produ\u00E7\u00E3o mundial de a\u00E7o. No Brasil eles tamb\u00E9m s\u00E3o amplamente utilizados. A carga desse conversor \u00E9 constitu\u00EDda de ferro gusa l\u00EDquido, sucata de ferro, min\u00E9rio de ferro e aditivos (fundentes).Com uma lan\u00E7a refrigerada com \u00E1gua, injeta-se oxig\u00EAnio puro a uma press\u00E3o de 4 a 12bar no conversor. A oxida\u00E7\u00E3o do carbono e do sil\u00EDcio presentes no metal l\u00EDquido que \u00E9 carregado dentro do conversor LD gera grande quantidade de energia, pois s\u00E3o rea\u00E7\u00F5es exot\u00E9rmicas. Para neutralizar esta elevada temperatura que prejudicaria o refrat\u00E1rio, adiciona-se sucata ou min\u00E9rio de ferro. Pela adi\u00E7\u00E3o de fundentes como a cal, os acompanhantes do ferro como o mangan\u00EAs, sil\u00EDcio, f\u00F3sforo e enxofre unem-se formando a esc\u00F3ria. Para aumentar a qualidade do a\u00E7o, adicionam-se os elementos de liga no final do processo ou quando o a\u00E7o est\u00E1 sendo vertido na panela, j\u00E1 pronto. Os a\u00E7os produzidos no LD n\u00E3o cont\u00E9m nitrog\u00EAnio pois n\u00E3o se injeta ar, da\u00ED a alta qualidade obtida. Esse conversor oferece vantagens econ\u00F4micas sobre os conversores do processo de Bessemer e Siemens Martin."@pt . . . "14130"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E-\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0432\u0443\u043D\u0443 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043C; \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041E\u043A\u0440\u0456\u043C \u0447\u0430\u0432\u0443\u043D\u0443 \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0442 (20\u201430 %). \u0412\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0432\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 1952 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457. \u0423 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0456 20 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456, \u0432 2011 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 70 % \u0432\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456."@uk . "Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz-Donawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or dolomite, which are chemical bases, are added to promote the removal of impurities and protect the lining of the converter. The process was invented in 1948 by Swiss engineer Robert Durrer and commercialized in 1952\u20131953 by the Austrian steelmaking company VOEST and \u00D6AMG. The LD converter, named after the Austrian towns Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben) is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen. It reduced capital cost of the plants and smelting time, and increased labor productivity. Between 1920 and 2000, labor requirements in the industry decreased by a factor of 1,000, from more than three man-hours per metric ton to just 0.003. The majority of steel manufactured in the world is produced using the basic oxygen furnace. In 2000, it accounted for 60% of global steel output. Modern furnaces will take a charge of iron of up to 400 tons and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes, compared to 10\u201312 hours in an open hearth furnace."@en . "\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629:Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, and OSM) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0648\u064A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0632-\u062F\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0632 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u063A\u0641\u0644 (\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064A\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062C\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u064A\u064F\u0636\u063A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u063A\u0631\u0636 \u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0648\u064A\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00AB\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646 \u062C\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062A\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u063A\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062F\u062A\u064A \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u062A\u062D\u0645\u0644 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . "\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u064A"@ar . "\u041A\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E-\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0432\u0443\u043D\u0443 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043C; \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041E\u043A\u0440\u0456\u043C \u0447\u0430\u0432\u0443\u043D\u0443 \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0442 (20\u201430 %). \u0412\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0432\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 1952 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457. \u0423 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0456 20 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456, \u0432 2011 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 70 % \u0432\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456."@uk . . . . "Acer\u00EDa de ox\u00EDgeno b\u00E1sico (AOB), tambi\u00E9n conocida como siderurgia Linz-Donawitz,\u200B es un m\u00E9todo primario de siderurgia en el que una mezcla de carb\u00F3n y hierro fundido se convierte en acero. Soplando ox\u00EDgeno a trav\u00E9s del arrabio, el fundido disminuye el contenido de carbono de la aleaci\u00F3n y se convierte en acero con poco carbono. El proceso se conoce como b\u00E1sico porque se agregan fundentes de quemado de cal o dolomita, que son bases qu\u00EDmicas para promover la eliminaci\u00F3n de impurezas y proteger el revestimiento del convertidor.\u200B"@es . "Acer\u00EDa de ox\u00EDgeno b\u00E1sico (AOB), tambi\u00E9n conocida como siderurgia Linz-Donawitz,\u200B es un m\u00E9todo primario de siderurgia en el que una mezcla de carb\u00F3n y hierro fundido se convierte en acero. Soplando ox\u00EDgeno a trav\u00E9s del arrabio, el fundido disminuye el contenido de carbono de la aleaci\u00F3n y se convierte en acero con poco carbono. El proceso se conoce como b\u00E1sico porque se agregan fundentes de quemado de cal o dolomita, que son bases qu\u00EDmicas para promover la eliminaci\u00F3n de impurezas y proteger el revestimiento del convertidor.\u200B El proceso fue desarrollado en 1948 por el ingeniero suizo Robert Durrer y comercializado en 1952 \u2013 1953 por las acer\u00EDas austr\u00EDacas y . El nombre del convertidor Linz-Donawitz, procede de las ciudades austriacas de Linz y (un distrito de Leoben). Es una versi\u00F3n refinada del convertidor Bessemer donde el soplado del aire es sustituido por soplado de ox\u00EDgeno. Reduce el coste de las plantas, el tiempo de fundici\u00F3n y tiene mayor productividad. Entre 1920 y 2000, los requisitos de mano de obra en la industria disminuyeron en un factor de 1.000, desde m\u00E1s de tres horas por tonelada m\u00E9trica a s\u00F3lo 0.003. La mayor\u00EDa del acero fabricado en el mundo se produce usando el horno de ox\u00EDgeno b\u00E1sico. En el a\u00F1o 2000, represent\u00F3 el 60% de la producci\u00F3n mundial de acero."@es . . "\u041A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445-\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u0432\u043A\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 (\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0430, \u0443\u0433\u043B\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.) \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430. \u0412\u044B\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043F\u043B\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043D\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043E\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u044B. \u041D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E XXI \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 60 % \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u043C."@ru . "Processo de Linz-Donawitz"@pt . "\u8EE2\u7089\uFF08\u3066\u3093\u308D\u3001converter\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u88FD\u9244\u6240\u7B49\u306E\u8A2D\u5099\u306E1\u3064\u3067\u9244\u3084\u9285\u306A\u3069\u306E\u91D1\u5C5E\u7CBE\u932C\u5C02\u7528\u306E\u7089\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u56DE\u8EE2\u3067\u304D\u308B\u7089\u3060\u304B\u3089\u300C\u8EE2\u7089\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306E\u306F\u672C\u6765\u306E\u610F\u5473\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u9291\u9244\u3092\u92FC\u306B\u8EE2\u63DB\u3059\u308B\u7089\u3001\u3064\u307E\u308A\u300C\u8EE2\u63DB\u7089\u300D\uFF08converter\uFF09\u306B\u7531\u6765\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u8EE2\u7089\u306B\u3088\u308B\u7CBE\u932C\u6CD5\u306E\u767A\u660E\u8005\u306E1\u4EBA\u306E\u30D8\u30F3\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30D9\u30C3\u30BB\u30DE\u30FC\uFF08Henry Bessemer, 1813-1898\uFF09\u304C\u4F7F\u3044\u59CB\u3081\u305F\u8A00\u8449\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Oxystaal is staal dat is vervaardigd volgens het oxystaalproced\u00E9 of Linz-Donawitzproced\u00E9."@nl . "Das Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren (LD-Verfahren; englisch basic oxygen process, BOP) ist ein Sauerstoffblasverfahren zum Frischen, also zur Stahlerzeugung durch Umwandlung von kohlenstoffreichem Roheisen in kohlenstoffarmen Stahl. Mit dem LD-Verfahren werden derzeit 72 % der Weltrohstahlproduktion hergestellt (Stand: 2013). Stahlwerke nach diesem Verfahren k\u00F6nnen lizenzfrei betrieben werden, da alle wichtigen Patente abgelaufen sind. Benannt ist es nach den beiden \u00F6sterreichischen Stahlwerken Linz (Ober\u00F6sterreich) und Donawitz (Steiermark), deren Ingenieure den Prozess entwickelt haben."@de . . . "Oxystaal is staal dat is vervaardigd volgens het oxystaalproced\u00E9 of Linz-Donawitzproced\u00E9."@nl . . . . . "\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629:Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, and OSM) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0648\u064A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0632-\u062F\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0632 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u063A\u0641\u0644 (\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064A\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062C\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u064A\u064F\u0636\u063A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u063A\u0631\u0636 \u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0648\u064A\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00AB\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u064A\u0629\u00BB \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646 \u062C\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062A\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u063A\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062F\u062A\u064A \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u062A\u062D\u0645\u0644 \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u0627\u0628\u062A\u0643\u0631\u062A \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u00AB\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062A \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0631\u00BB \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0646\u0641\u064A\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952/1953 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u064A\u0633\u062A \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0633\u0645\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u062A\u064A \u0644\u064A\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u062F\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0632 \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0631 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u064A\u0633\u062A\u0628\u062F\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063A\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063A\u0648\u0637\u060C \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u064A\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u064A\u0632\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636\u062A \u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u062D\u0648 1000 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064A\u0646 1920 \u06482000 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062D\u0648 0,003. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0628\u0644\u063A \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u0646\u062D\u0648 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000. \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0628\u0644\u063A 350 \u0637\u0646 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 40 \u062F\u0642\u064A\u0642\u0629\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0633\u062A\u063A\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062A\u0648\u062D \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064A\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . "Syrgasprocess"@sv . "Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren"@de . . . . .