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dbr:Argentine–Chilean_naval_arms_race
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Argentine–Chilean naval arms race Course aux armements navals entre l’Argentine et le Chili
rdfs:comment
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the South American nations of Argentina and Chile engaged in an expensive naval arms race to ensure the other would not gain supremacy in the Southern Cone. À la fin du dix-neuvième et au début du vingtième siècle, les nations sud-américaines d'Argentine et du Chili se lancèrent dans une course aux armements navals coûteuse pour s'assurer que l'autre ne gagnerait pas la suprématie dans le Cône Sud.
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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the South American nations of Argentina and Chile engaged in an expensive naval arms race to ensure the other would not gain supremacy in the Southern Cone. Although the Argentine and Chilean navies possessed insignificant naval forces in the 1860s, with zero and five warships, respectively, Argentina's concern over a strong Imperial Brazilian Navy and the Chilean war against Spain caused them to add capable warships to their fleets in the 1870s. During this time, diplomatic relations between Argentina and Chile soured due to conflicting boundary claims, particularly in Patagonia. By the beginning of the 1880s, after the War of the Pacific, the Chilean government possessed possibly the strongest navy in the Americas. They planned to add to it with an 1887 appropriation for one battleship, two protected cruisers, and two torpedo gunboats. Argentina responded a year later with an order for two battleships of its own. The naval arms race unfolded over the next several years, with each country buying and ordering vessels that were slightly better than the previous ship, but the Argentines eventually pulled ahead with the acquisition of multiple Garibaldi-class cruisers. The race ended in 1902 with the British-arbitrated Pacts of May, which contained a binding naval-limiting agreement. Both governments sold or canceled the ships they had ordered, and three major warships were mostly disarmed to balance the fleets. The pacts proved to be the answer to the Argentine and Chilean disputes, as the countries enjoyed a period of warm relations. This did not last, though, as the Brazilian government's attempt to rebuild its own naval forces sparked another naval arms race, involving all three countries' orders for revolutionary new dreadnoughts, powerful battleships whose capabilities far outstripped older vessels in the world's navies. À la fin du dix-neuvième et au début du vingtième siècle, les nations sud-américaines d'Argentine et du Chili se lancèrent dans une course aux armements navals coûteuse pour s'assurer que l'autre ne gagnerait pas la suprématie dans le Cône Sud. Bien que les marines argentines et chiliennes possédaient des forces navales insignifiantes dans les années 1860, avec respectivement zéro et cinq navires de guerre, la préoccupation de l'Argentine concernant la marine de guerre chilienne la guerre du Chili contre l'Espagne les amenèrent à ajouter des navires de guerre à leur flottes dans les années 1870. Au cours de cette période, les relations diplomatiques entre l'Argentine et le Chili se détériorèrent en raison de conflits de frontières, en particulier en Patagonie. Au début des années 1880, après la guerre du Pacifique, le gouvernement chilien possédait potentiellement la plus puissante marine des Amériques. Ils avaient prévu d'y ajouter un crédit en 1887 pour un cuirassé, deux croiseurs protégés et deux . L'Argentine répondit un an plus tard avec une commande de deux cuirassés. La course aux armements navals se déroula au cours des années suivantes, chaque pays achetant et passant commande de navires un peu plus performant que le précédent, mais les Argentins finirent par acquérir plusieurs croiseurs de la classe Giuseppe Garibaldi. La course prit fin en 1902 avec les Pactes de Mai, arbitrés par les Britanniques, qui contenaient un accord contraignant de limitation des armements navals. Les deux gouvernements vendirent ou annulèrent les navires qu'ils avaient commandés, et trois grands navires de guerre furent principalement désarmés pour équilibrer les flottes. Les pactes se révélèrent être la réponse aux disputes argentines et chiliennes, car les pays connurent par la suite une période de relations chaleureuses. La tentative du gouvernement brésilien de reconstituer ses propres forces navales déclencha une nouvelle course aux armements impliquant les trois pays. Ils commandèrent de nouveaux dreadnoughts révolutionnaires, de puissants cuirassés dont les capacités dépassaient de loin celles des navires plus anciens des marines du monde entier.
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