. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "97006"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "23484924"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Jefferson, el tercer presidente de los Estados Unidos, fue due\u00F1o de m\u00E1s de 600 afroamericanos durante algunos per\u00EDodos de su vida adulta. Jefferson liber\u00F3 a dos de sus esclavos mientras viv\u00EDa; otros siete fueron liberados despu\u00E9s de su muerte. Jefferson se pronunci\u00F3 constantemente en contra de la trata atl\u00E1ntica de esclavos y la proscribi\u00F3 mientras era presidente. Abog\u00F3 en privado por la emancipaci\u00F3n gradual y la de esclavos ya en los Estados Unidos, en lugar de la manumisi\u00F3n inmediata.\u200B\u200B\u200B Despu\u00E9s de que muri\u00F3 en 1757, su patrimonio se dividi\u00F3 entre sus hijos Thomas y Randolph Jefferson.\u200B luego se convirti\u00F3 en el tutor de Thomas.\u200B Thomas hered\u00F3 aproximadamente de la tierra, incluido Monticello. Asumi\u00F3 la autoridad total sobre su propiedad a los 21 a\u00F1os.\u200B Jefferson tambi\u00E9n hered\u00F3 52 esclavos. En 1768, Jefferson comenz\u00F3 la construcci\u00F3n de su plantaci\u00F3n Monticello. A trav\u00E9s de su matrimonio con Martha Wayles en 1772 y la herencia de su suegro , en 1773 Jefferson hered\u00F3 dos plantaciones y 135 esclavos m\u00E1s. En 1776, Jefferson era uno de los mayores plantadores de Virginia. Sin embargo, el valor de su propiedad (incluida la tierra y los esclavos) se vio cada vez m\u00E1s compensado por sus crecientes deudas, lo que le dificultaba mucho la liberaci\u00F3n de cualquiera de sus esclavos. Seg\u00FAn las leyes financieras vigentes de la \u00E9poca, los esclavos eran considerados \"propiedad\" y, por tanto, activos financieros.\u200B Jefferson incluy\u00F3 una cl\u00E1usula en su borrador inicial de la Declaraci\u00F3n de Independencia denunciando a George III por forzar el comercio de esclavos en las Trece colonias; esto fue eliminado de la versi\u00F3n final. En 1778, con el liderazgo de Jefferson, se prohibi\u00F3 la importaci\u00F3n de esclavos en Virginia, una de las primeras jurisdicciones del mundo en hacerlo. Jefferson fue un defensor de toda la vida de poner fin al comercio de esclavos en el Atl\u00E1ntico y, como presidente, dirigi\u00F3 el esfuerzo para hacerlo ilegal, firmando una ley que fue aprobada en 1807, poco antes de que Gran Breta\u00F1a aprobara una ley similar.\u200B En 1779, como una soluci\u00F3n pr\u00E1ctica, Jefferson apoy\u00F3 la emancipaci\u00F3n gradual, el entrenamiento y la colonizaci\u00F3n de los esclavos afroamericanos en lugar de la manumisi\u00F3n inmediata, creyendo que liberar a las personas no preparadas sin un lugar adonde ir y sin medios para mantenerse a s\u00ED mismas solo traer\u00EDa ellos desgracia. En 1784, Jefferson propuso una ley federal que prohib\u00EDa la esclavitud en los Nuevos Territorios del Norte y del Sur despu\u00E9s de 1800, que no logr\u00F3 aprobarse en el Congreso por un voto.\u200B\u200B Sin embargo, esta disposici\u00F3n se incorpor\u00F3 posteriormente a la legislaci\u00F3n que establece el Territorio del Noroeste. En sus , publicado en 1785, Jefferson expres\u00F3 la creencia de que la esclavitud corromp\u00EDa tanto a amos como a esclavos, y que la colonizaci\u00F3n gradual ser\u00EDa preferible a la manumisi\u00F3n inmediata.\u200B La mayor\u00EDa de los historiadores creen que despu\u00E9s de la muerte de su esposa Martha, Jefferson tuvo una relaci\u00F3n a largo plazo con su media hermana, Sally Hemings, una esclava en Monticello.\u200B\u200B Jefferson permiti\u00F3 que dos de los cuatro hijos supervivientes de Sally Hemings \"escaparan\"; los otros dos los liber\u00F3 a trav\u00E9s de su voluntad.\u200B En 1824, Jefferson propuso un plan nacional para acabar con la esclavitud por parte del gobierno federal comprando ni\u00F1os esclavos afroamericanos por $ 12.50, cri\u00E1ndolos y capacit\u00E1ndolos en ocupaciones de hombres libres y envi\u00E1ndolos al pa\u00EDs de Santo Domingo, Rep\u00FAblica Dominicana. En su testamento, Jefferson tambi\u00E9n liber\u00F3 a otros tres hombres.\u200B En 1827, los 130 esclavos restantes se vendieron para pagar las deudas de la propiedad de Jefferson.\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Jefferson, el tercer presidente de los Estados Unidos, fue due\u00F1o de m\u00E1s de 600 afroamericanos durante algunos per\u00EDodos de su vida adulta. Jefferson liber\u00F3 a dos de sus esclavos mientras viv\u00EDa; otros siete fueron liberados despu\u00E9s de su muerte. Jefferson se pronunci\u00F3 constantemente en contra de la trata atl\u00E1ntica de esclavos y la proscribi\u00F3 mientras era presidente. Abog\u00F3 en privado por la emancipaci\u00F3n gradual y la de esclavos ya en los Estados Unidos, en lugar de la manumisi\u00F3n inmediata.\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . "Comme d'autres personnalit\u00E9s du XVIIIe si\u00E8cle si\u00E8cle, Thomas Jefferson avait des id\u00E9es sur la question de l'esclavage. Ses opinions et ses d\u00E9cisions ont \u00E9volu\u00E9 en fonction des \u00E9v\u00E9nements et de son parcours personnel. La question des esclaves noirs r\u00E9v\u00E8le les contradictions de la pens\u00E9e jeffersonienne ainsi que la part d'ombre de sa vie priv\u00E9e. Jefferson utilisait l'euph\u00E9misme \u00AB l'institution particuli\u00E8re \u00BB pour d\u00E9signer l'esclavage, question \u00E0 laquelle il a r\u00E9fl\u00E9chi toute sa vie."@fr . . "Thomas Jefferson y la esclavitud"@es . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 12.50 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0631\u0628\u064A\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060C \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0648 \u062F\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0646\u063A\u0648. \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0635\u064A\u062A\u0647\u060C \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062C\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062D \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646. \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1827\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u062F\u0627\u062F \u062F\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1118115574"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, owned more than 600 African Americans during his adult life. Jefferson freed two of his slaves while he lived. Five others were freed after his death, two of whom were his children through his relationship with his slave (and sister-in-law) Sally Hemings. His other two children with Sally Hemings were allowed to escape without pursuit. The rest of the slaves he owned at the time of his death were sold to pay the debts of his estate. Privately, one of Jefferson's reasons for not freeing more of his slaves was his considerable debt, while his more public justification, expressed in his book Notes on the State of Virginia, was his fear that freeing slaves into existing American society would cause civil unrest between prejudiced whit"@en . . . . . "Thomas Jefferson et l'esclavage"@fr . . . . . . . . . . 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"Comme d'autres personnalit\u00E9s du XVIIIe si\u00E8cle si\u00E8cle, Thomas Jefferson avait des id\u00E9es sur la question de l'esclavage. Ses opinions et ses d\u00E9cisions ont \u00E9volu\u00E9 en fonction des \u00E9v\u00E9nements et de son parcours personnel. La question des esclaves noirs r\u00E9v\u00E8le les contradictions de la pens\u00E9e jeffersonienne ainsi que la part d'ombre de sa vie priv\u00E9e. Jefferson utilisait l'euph\u00E9misme \u00AB l'institution particuli\u00E8re \u00BB pour d\u00E9signer l'esclavage, question \u00E0 laquelle il a r\u00E9fl\u00E9chi toute sa vie."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, owned more than 600 African Americans during his adult life. Jefferson freed two of his slaves while he lived. Five others were freed after his death, two of whom were his children through his relationship with his slave (and sister-in-law) Sally Hemings. His other two children with Sally Hemings were allowed to escape without pursuit. The rest of the slaves he owned at the time of his death were sold to pay the debts of his estate. Privately, one of Jefferson's reasons for not freeing more of his slaves was his considerable debt, while his more public justification, expressed in his book Notes on the State of Virginia, was his fear that freeing slaves into existing American society would cause civil unrest between prejudiced white planters and vindictive freed slaves. Jefferson consistently spoke out against the international slave trade and outlawed it while he was president. He advocated gradual emancipation and colonization of slaves already in the United States as policies to be adopted by future generations. . However, he opposed most measures to restrict slavery within the US, and also criticised voluntary manumission."@en . . . . "\u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062C\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062F\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . "Thomas Jefferson and slavery"@en . . . . . .