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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Depiction
rdfs:label
Depiction
rdfs:comment
Depiction is reference conveyed through pictures. A picture refers to its object through a non-linguistic two-dimensional scheme, and is distinct from writing or notation. A depictive two-dimensional scheme is called a picture plane and may be constructed according to descriptive geometry, where they are usually divided between projections (orthogonal and various oblique angles) and perspectives (according to number of vanishing points).
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dbc:Semiotics dbc:Aesthetics dbc:Analytic_philosophy
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dbc:Semiotics dbr:Charles_Sanders_Peirce dbr:Nelson_Goodman dbr:Realism_(arts) dbr:Umberto_Eco dbr:Deixis dbc:Aesthetics dbr:Ethical dbr:Convention_(norm) n10:substitution dbr:John_Willats dbr:Art dbr:Illusionism dbr:Mimesis dbr:Similarity_(philosophy) dbr:Picture_plane dbr:Semiotic_elements_and_classes_of_signs_(Peirce) dbr:Gaze dbr:Semiotics dbr:Visual_perception dbr:Norman_Bryson dbr:Kendall_Walton dbr:Dominic_Lopes dbr:Naturalism_(visual_art) dbr:Roland_Barthes dbr:W._J._T._Mitchell dbr:James_J._Gibson dbr:Symbol dbr:Representationalism dbr:Aesthetic dbr:Figurative_art dbr:Bence_Nanay dbr:Erwin_Panofsky dbr:Perspective_(graphical) dbr:Richard_Wollheim dbr:Realism_(visual_arts) dbr:Ernst_Gombrich dbc:Analytic_philosophy dbr:Iconography dbr:Descriptive_geometry
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Depiction is reference conveyed through pictures. A picture refers to its object through a non-linguistic two-dimensional scheme, and is distinct from writing or notation. A depictive two-dimensional scheme is called a picture plane and may be constructed according to descriptive geometry, where they are usually divided between projections (orthogonal and various oblique angles) and perspectives (according to number of vanishing points). Pictures are made with various materials and techniques, such as painting, drawing, or prints (including photography and movies) mosaics, tapestries, stained glass, and collages of unusual and disparate elements. Occasionally, picture-like features may be recognised in simple inkblots, accidental stains, peculiar clouds or a glimpse of the moon, but these are special cases, and it is controversial whether they count as genuine instances of depiction. Similarly, sculpture and theatrical performances are sometimes said to depict, but this requires a broad understanding of 'depict', as simply designating a form of representation that is not linguistic or notational. The bulk of studies of depiction however deal only with pictures. While sculpture and performance clearly represent or refer, they do not strictly picture their objects. Objects pictured may be factual or fictional, literal or metaphorical, realistic or idealised and in various combination. Idealised depiction is also termed schematic or stylised and extends to icons, diagrams and maps. Classes or styles of picture may abstract their objects by degrees, conversely, establish degrees of the concrete (usually called, a little confusingly, figuration or figurative, since the 'figurative' is then often quite literal). Stylisation can lead to the fully abstract picture, where reference is only to conditions for a picture plane – a severe exercise in self-reference and ultimately a sub-set of pattern. But just how pictures function remains controversial. Philosophers, art historians and critics, perceptual psychologists and other researchers in the arts and social sciences have contributed to the debate and many of the most influential contributions have been interdisciplinary. Some key positions are briefly surveyed below.
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