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Carrera del salmón Salmon run サーモン・ラン Lari salmon Migration du saumon 鮭魚洄游
rdfs:comment
A salmon run is an annual fish migration event where many salmonid species, which are typically hatched in fresh water and live most of the adult life downstream in the ocean, swim back against the stream to the upper reaches of rivers to spawn on the gravel beds of small creeks. After spawning, all species of Pacific salmon and most Atlantic salmon die, and the salmon life cycle starts over again with the new generation of hatchlings. La migration du saumon correspond au moment où le saumon, qui a migré de l' océan, nage vers les cours supérieurs des rivières où il fraye sur des lits de gravier. Après le frai, tous les saumons du Pacifique et la plupart des saumons de l'Atlantique meurent et le cycle de vie du saumon recommence. Cette petite partie de la migration, la dernière, est appelée « montaison ». La première phase de la migration est la « dévalaison » des juvéniles appelés « smolts » vers la mer. La deuxième phase est le long voyage des « post-smolts » vers les aires de nourrissage et de grossissement. La troisième phase est la migration de retour (« homing ») dont la montaison est la dernière étape. La migration annuelle peut être un événement majeur pour les grizzlis, les pygargues à tête blanche et les pêche サーモン・ラン(英語:salmon run)は鮭が自分が孵化した場所へ海から戻り産卵するため川をすること()を指す言葉である。鮭は後その場でほとんどが死ぬが、新しい命が生まれライフサイクルが始まる。毎年の鮭の遡上は(北アメリカでは)ハイイログマ、ハクトウワシ、釣り師等にとって一大行事である。 Los salmones pasan su juventud en los ríos, y luego nadan hacia el mar en el que viven su vida adulta y desarrollan la mayor parte de su masa corporal. Cuando han madurado, vuelven a los ríos para desovar. Por lo general, regresan con asombrosa precisión al río natal donde nacieron, e incluso en el lugar exacto de su nacimiento. Se cree que, cuando se encuentran en el océano, utilizan magnetorrecepcion para localizar la posición general de su río natal, y una vez cerca del río, que utilizan su sentido del olfato para ubicar la entrada del río hasta el lugar de su nacimiento. 鮭魚會從海洋中洄游到出生河流的上游產卵。產卵之後,部分的鮭魚,如大西洋鮭和太平洋鮭,將會死去,完成生命的循環。一年一度的鮭魚洄遊發生在秋季(九月至十一月)。作為北美的關鍵物種,洄游的鮭魚會吸引灰熊、禿鷲等動物捕食。 鮭魚在河流度過幼年期,成魚前往大洋(太平洋或大西洋),性成熟後返回河流,一般是它們出生的那條河流。絕大多數鮭魚都會洄游。但19世紀早期鮭魚引入南半球之後,並未產生洄游產卵的習慣。 Lari salmon adalah tindakan yang dilakukan oleh salmon saat bermigrasi dari samudra, ke hulu sungai. Setelah itu, seluruh dan sebagian besar mati, dan siklus kehidupan salmon dimulai lagi. Lari tahunan tersebut dapat menjadi peristiwa besar bagi beruang grizzly, elang botak, dan . Sebagian besar spesies salmon bermigrasi pada musim gugur (September sampai November).
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Adult ocean phase and spawning phase pink salmon Closeup of redds on a riverbed The pea-sized eggs are laid in redds A fish ladder makes it easier for salmon to negotiate a weir After depleting their yolk sac nutrients, the young salmon emerge from the gravel habitat as parr to feed The black fur of black bears is easily spotted by salmon in daylight, and the bears fish more successfully using auditory clues at night Spawning male sockeye salmon White-coated Kermode bears have more success fishing in daylight Grizzly bears tend to carry salmon carcasses into adjacent riparian areas The white areas on the river bottom are completed redds Sac fry remain in the gravel habitat of their redd until their yolk sac, or "lunch box" is depleted Salmon subsidy to the nitrogen cycle in a hypothetical stream system All Pacific salmon and most Atlantic salmon die after spawning An extended bypass Spawning salmon building redds on a riffle
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May 2018
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yes
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Oncorhynchus
dbp:header
Salmon redds
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center
dbp:image
RockyReachDam-FishLadder.jpg Atlantic salmon redd.jpg Oncorhynchus nerka.jpg Redds.jpg Fish ladder at Tawe Barrage - geograph.org.uk - 1607929.jpg Spiritbear.jpg Becharof Wilderness Salmon.jpg Brown bears with salmon carcass.jpg Ocean stage and spawning pink salmon.gif Black Bear Caught A Salmon.jpg Salmon nitrogen cycling in a stream.gif Salmo salar eggs.jpg Atlantic salmon parr emerging from streambed.jpg Dead salmon in spawning season.jpg Salmon redds.jpg
dbp:month
December
dbp:quote
Salmon continue to surprise us, showing us new ways in which their oceanic migrations eventually permeate entire terrestrial ecosystems. In terms of providing food and nutrients to a whole food web, we like to think of them as North America's answer to the Serengeti's wildebeest.
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mykiss
dbp:video
– BBC Nature's Great Events - The Great Salmon Run – BBC Nature's Great Events The Salmon's Lifecycle Atlantic Salmon Trust – Nature's Great Events: The Great Salmon Run – Discovery Channel
dbp:width
220 210 205 200 130 25.0 320 305 300 115 110
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2011
dbo:abstract
La migration du saumon correspond au moment où le saumon, qui a migré de l' océan, nage vers les cours supérieurs des rivières où il fraye sur des lits de gravier. Après le frai, tous les saumons du Pacifique et la plupart des saumons de l'Atlantique meurent et le cycle de vie du saumon recommence. Cette petite partie de la migration, la dernière, est appelée « montaison ». La première phase de la migration est la « dévalaison » des juvéniles appelés « smolts » vers la mer. La deuxième phase est le long voyage des « post-smolts » vers les aires de nourrissage et de grossissement. La troisième phase est la migration de retour (« homing ») dont la montaison est la dernière étape. La migration annuelle peut être un événement majeur pour les grizzlis, les pygargues à tête blanche et les pêcheurs sportifs. La plupart des espèces de saumon migrent à l'automne, de septembre à novembre La plupart des saumons passent leur jeunesse dans des rivières. Ils descendent ensuite vers la mer et gagnent les "terres nourricières" où ils vivent leur vie adulte et prennest la majeure partie de leur masse corporelle. Arrivés à maturité, ils retournent dans les rivières pour frayer. Signalons l'existence d'une espèce de Saumon atlantique non anadrome, appelée ouannaniche qui passe sa vie en lac et remonte son tributaire natal pour y frayer. . Ils retournent souvent dans la rivière où ils sont nés, parfois même dans la frayère de leur naissance. Cette précision peut s'expliquer par l'emploi de la magnétoréception pour localiser leur rivière natale depuis l'océan. Une fois dans la rivière, c'est l'utilisation de l'odorat qui permet de localiser la frayère de la naissance. En Amérique du Nord-Ouest, le saumon est une espèce clé de voûte, espèce dont l'effet sur l'environnement est disproportionné par rapport à sa biomasse. La mort du saumon a pour conséquence le transfert de l'océan à la faune terrestre des éléments nutritifs importants dans leurs carcasses, riches en azote, soufre, carbone et phosphore. La génération suivante de saumon, ainsi que les espèces qui peuplent tous les lieux atteints par le saumon, en bénéficient. Les nutriments peuvent également être rejetés en aval dans les estuaires où ils s'accumulent et sont consommés par les oiseaux nicheurs estuariens. Lari salmon adalah tindakan yang dilakukan oleh salmon saat bermigrasi dari samudra, ke hulu sungai. Setelah itu, seluruh dan sebagian besar mati, dan siklus kehidupan salmon dimulai lagi. Lari tahunan tersebut dapat menjadi peristiwa besar bagi beruang grizzly, elang botak, dan . Sebagian besar spesies salmon bermigrasi pada musim gugur (September sampai November). サーモン・ラン(英語:salmon run)は鮭が自分が孵化した場所へ海から戻り産卵するため川をすること()を指す言葉である。鮭は後その場でほとんどが死ぬが、新しい命が生まれライフサイクルが始まる。毎年の鮭の遡上は(北アメリカでは)ハイイログマ、ハクトウワシ、釣り師等にとって一大行事である。 Los salmones pasan su juventud en los ríos, y luego nadan hacia el mar en el que viven su vida adulta y desarrollan la mayor parte de su masa corporal. Cuando han madurado, vuelven a los ríos para desovar. Por lo general, regresan con asombrosa precisión al río natal donde nacieron, e incluso en el lugar exacto de su nacimiento. Se cree que, cuando se encuentran en el océano, utilizan magnetorrecepcion para localizar la posición general de su río natal, y una vez cerca del río, que utilizan su sentido del olfato para ubicar la entrada del río hasta el lugar de su nacimiento. Científicos de la Universidad Estatal de Oregón (OSU, por sus siglas en inglés), en Estados Unidos, han confirmado la conexión entre el salmón y el campo magnético de la Tierra, lo que sugiere que puede ayudar a explicar cómo los peces pueden navegar a través de miles de kilómetros de agua para encontrar su río de origen. En el noroeste de América, el salmón es una especie clave, lo que significa que el impacto que tienen sobre otras especies es mayor de lo que cabría esperar en relación con su biomasa. La muerte del salmón tiene consecuencias importantes, ya que significa que los nutrientes importantes en sus cuerpos, ricos en nitrógeno, azufre, carbono y fósforo, son transferidos desde el océano a la fauna terrestre, como los osos y los bosques ribereños adyacentes a los ríos. Esto tiene efectos en cadena, no solo para la próxima generación de salmón, sino para todas las especies que viven en las zonas ribereñas al alcance salmón. Los nutrientes también se pueden lavar aguas abajo en los estuarios donde se acumulan y proporcionan adicional apoyo para la cría de aves de estuarios. A salmon run is an annual fish migration event where many salmonid species, which are typically hatched in fresh water and live most of the adult life downstream in the ocean, swim back against the stream to the upper reaches of rivers to spawn on the gravel beds of small creeks. After spawning, all species of Pacific salmon and most Atlantic salmon die, and the salmon life cycle starts over again with the new generation of hatchlings. Salmon are anadromous, spending their juvenile life in rivers or lakes, and then migrating out to sea where they spend adult lives and gain most of their body mass. When they reach sexual maturity, the adults return to the upstream rivers to reproduce. Usually they return with uncanny precision to the natal river where they were born, and even to the very spawning ground of their birth. It is thought that, when they are in the ocean, they use magnetoreception to locate the general position of their natal river, and once close to the river, that they use their sense of smell to home in on the river entrance and even their natal spawning ground. Trout, which are sister species of salmon, also perform similar migrations, although they mostly move potamodromously between creeks and large freshwater lakes, except for some coastal/estuary subspecies such as steelhead and sea trout that migrate seasonally between salty/brackish and fresh water just like salmon do. There are also landlocked populations of some salmon species that have adapted to spend their entire life in freshwater like trout. In Northwest America, salmons are keystone species, which means the ecological impact they have on other wildlife is greater than would be expected in relation to their biomass. Most salmon species migrate during the autumn (September through November), which coincides with the pre-winter activities of many hibernating animals. The annual salmon run can be a major feeding event for predators such as grizzly bears and bald eagles, as well as an important window period for sport fishermen. The post-spawning death of salmon also has important ecological consequences, because the significant nutrients in their carcasses, rich in nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and phosphorus, are transferred from the ocean and released to inland aquatic ecosystems, terrestrial animals (such as bears) and the wetlands and riparian woodlands adjacent to the rivers. This has knock-on effects not only for the next generation of salmon, but to every wildlife species living in the riparian zones the salmon reach. The nutrients can also be washed downstream into estuaries where they accumulate and provide significant support for invertebrates and estuarine-breeding waterbirds. 鮭魚會從海洋中洄游到出生河流的上游產卵。產卵之後,部分的鮭魚,如大西洋鮭和太平洋鮭,將會死去,完成生命的循環。一年一度的鮭魚洄遊發生在秋季(九月至十一月)。作為北美的關鍵物種,洄游的鮭魚會吸引灰熊、禿鷲等動物捕食。 鮭魚在河流度過幼年期,成魚前往大洋(太平洋或大西洋),性成熟後返回河流,一般是它們出生的那條河流。絕大多數鮭魚都會洄游。但19世紀早期鮭魚引入南半球之後,並未產生洄游產卵的習慣。
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