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Subject Item
dbr:Project_211
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dbr:Project_985
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Project 985 985工程 Programme 985 Proyek 985 Proyecto 985 Projeto 985 985工程 Projekt 985 Проект 985
rdfs:comment
Project 985 (Chinese: 985工程; pinyin: 985 Gōngchéng) was a terminated project that was first announced by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Jiang Zemin at the 100th anniversary of Peking University on May 4, 1998, to promote the development and reputation of the Chinese higher education system by founding world-class universities in the 21st century. The name derives from the date of the announcement, May 1998, or 98/5 according to the Chinese date format. The project involves both national and local governments allocating large amounts of funding to certain universities in order to build new research centers, improve facilities, hold international conferences, attract world-renowned faculty and visiting scholars, and help Chinese faculty attend conferences abroad. Proyek 985 (Hanzi: 985工程; Pinyin: Jiǔbāwǔ gōngchéng) adalah sebuah proyek pendidikan yang pertama kali diumumkan oleh Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Tiongkok Jiang Zemin pada peringatan 100 tahun Universitas Peking tanggal 4 Mei 1998, untuk mempromosikan perkembangan dan reputasi sistem pendidikan tinggi di Tiongkok dengan mendirikan universitas kelas dunia di abad ke-21. Nama proyek ini diambil dari tahun dan bulan saat pengumumannya, Mei 1998 atau 98/5 menurut format tanggal dalam bahasa Mandarin. Proyek ini melibatkan pemerintah nasional dan lokal yang mengalokasikan sejumlah besar dana untuk universitas tertentu guna membangun pusat penelitian baru, meningkatkan fasilitas, mengadakan konferensi internasional, menarik fakultas terkenal di dunia dan sarjana tamu serta membantu fakult 985工程（英语：Project 985），俗称“985院校”，是指中华人民共和国教育部原为了建设若干所世界一流大学和一批世界著名高水平研究型大学而实施的教育计划，此名来自于1998年5月時任中共中央總書記江澤民在北京大學百年校庆上提出的想法。该工程至2010年第三批建设结束后共有39所高校入选，所有高校也均在211工程的112所高校名单内。最初入选985工程的高校有九所，称九校联盟。 从2007年至2014年，教育部每年都会在工作要点中提及“985工程”和“211工程”。2014年后，中华人民共和国教育部开始逐渐淡化985工程与211工程，拨款开始向高水平学科倾斜。自2015年起的工作要点中已不见“985工程”和“211工程”。 2015年8月18日，中共中央总书记习近平主持中央全面深化改革领导小组会议，审议通过《统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案》；10月24日，国务院印发《统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案》；对新时期高等教育重点建设做出新部署，将“211工程”“985工程”及“优势学科创新平台”等重点建设项目统一纳入世界一流大学和一流学科（“双一流”）建设；同年11月，由国务院印发，决定统筹推进建设世界一流大学和一流学科（“双一流”建设）。 El Proyecto 985 (en chino, 985工程; pinyin, 985 gōngchéng) es un proyecto anunciado pot el Secretario general del Comité Central del Partido Comunista de China Jiang Zemin en el centenario de la Universidad de Pekín el 4 de mayo de 1998 para promover el desarrollo y la reputación del sistema universitario chino.​ El proyecto supone la inversión de grandes cantidades de dinero tanto a los gobiernos locales como al nacional​ para la construcción de nuevos centros de investigación, mantener congresos internacionales, atraer expertos internacionales y profesores visitantes y ayudar a los profesores chinos a participar en congresos en el extranjero.​ O Projeto 985 (chinês: 985工程, pinyin: Jiǔbāwǔ gōngchéng) é um projeto que foi anunciado pela primeira vez pelo Secretário-Geral do Partido Comunista da China e Presidente da China Jiang Zemin no 100º aniversário da Universidade de Pequim em 4 de maio de 1998. O objetivo do projeto é promover o desenvolvimento e a reputação do sistema de ensino superior chinês elevando as universidades ao nível mundial no século XXI. O nome deriva da data do anúncio, maio de 1998 ou 98/5, de acordo com o formato de data chinês. O projeto envolve tanto governos nacionais como locais que alocam grandes quantias de financiamento destinadas à certas universidades para construir novos centros de pesquisa, melhorar instalações, realizar conferências internacionais, atrair professores de renome mundial e acadêmico Le programme 985 fut annoncé en Mai 1998 par le gouvernement chinois dans le but de construire les universités de niveau international. Il découle de la volonté du gouvernement central « d'assurer la réalisation de la modernité du pays et de construire des universités de premier rang » (discours prononcé par le Président Jiang Zemin, le 4 mai 1998). Projekt 985 (chinesisch 985工程, Pinyin Jiǔbāwǔ gōngchéng) ist ein Projekt, das vom Generalsekretär des KPCh und chinesischen Präsidenten Jiang Zemin erstmals am 4. Mai 1998 anlässlich des 100-jährigen Bestehens der Peking-Universität angekündigt wurde, um die Entwicklung und das Ansehen des durch die Gründung von Weltklasse-Universitäten im 21. Jahrhundert zu fördern. Der Name leitet sich vom Datum der Ankündigung ab, Mai 1998 oder 98/5 nach dem chinesischen Datumsformat. Im Rahmen des Projekts stellen sowohl nationale als auch lokale Regierungen große Summen an Finanzmitteln für bestimmte Universitäten bereit, um neue Forschungszentren zu errichten, die Einrichtungen zu verbessern, internationale Konferenzen abzuhalten, weltbekannte Dozenten und Gastwissenschaftler anzuziehen und chinesis Проект 985 (кит. 985工程) — проект по развитию системы высшего образования в Китае, предложенный бывшим президентом КНР Цзян Цзэминем на праздновании 100-й годовщины Пекинского университета 4 мая 1998 (по обозначению года и месяца: 98-5 (май)). Основная цель проекта — при сотрудничестве с местными правительствами вывести на мировой уровень несколько ведущих университетов Китая. 985工程（きゅうはちごこうてい、英語: Project 985）は中国教育部が1998年5月に定めたもので、中国の大学での研究活動の質を国際レベルに挙げるために、211工程の中で限られた重点大学に重点的に投資していくプログラムである。江沢民党総書記（最高指導者）が北京大学創立100周年の際に初めて言及した。 2019年11月28日、985工程は211工程とともに双一流に統合されると教育部の説明があった。
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Universities of Project 985
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985
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Map showing major universities in Mainland China. Universities of Project 985 are marked in blue. All the universities of the C9 League, which are marked in red, are also members of Project 985.
dbp:formation
1998-05-04
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Peking University, Beijing, China
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39
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985
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300
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dbr:National_Key_Universities dbr:Project_211 dbr:Public_Universities
dbo:abstract
Proyek 985 (Hanzi: 985工程; Pinyin: Jiǔbāwǔ gōngchéng) adalah sebuah proyek pendidikan yang pertama kali diumumkan oleh Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Tiongkok Jiang Zemin pada peringatan 100 tahun Universitas Peking tanggal 4 Mei 1998, untuk mempromosikan perkembangan dan reputasi sistem pendidikan tinggi di Tiongkok dengan mendirikan universitas kelas dunia di abad ke-21. Nama proyek ini diambil dari tahun dan bulan saat pengumumannya, Mei 1998 atau 98/5 menurut format tanggal dalam bahasa Mandarin. Proyek ini melibatkan pemerintah nasional dan lokal yang mengalokasikan sejumlah besar dana untuk universitas tertentu guna membangun pusat penelitian baru, meningkatkan fasilitas, mengadakan konferensi internasional, menarik fakultas terkenal di dunia dan sarjana tamu serta membantu fakultas agar dapat menghadiri konferensi di luar negeri. Menurut peringkat terbaru dari Peringkat Akademis Universitas Dunia, Times Higher Education World University Rankings dan U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking, sebagian besar dari 39 universitas yang ada dalam Proyek 985, masuk dalam peringkat 500 universitas terbaik di dunia. Tahun 2006, 33 universitas lainnya dari universitas Proyek 211 dipilih untuk dimasukkan ke dalam Proyek 985. Ke-33 universitas yang terpilih tersebut disponsori bersama oleh Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kementerian Keuangan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok untuk mendukung perkembangan mata pelajaran atau teknik tertentu guna memenuhi kebutuhan mendesak negara. 33 universitas ini termasuk dalam sub-Proyek 985, yang disebut Platform Inovasi Proyek 985. 9 universitas anggota pendiri Proyek 985 membentuk Liga 9 Universitas pada tahun 2009, yang disebut-sebut sebagai Liga Ivy-nya Tiongkok. Pada akhir fase kedua proyek ini, 39 universitas telah diberi dana bantuan. Diumumkan pada tahun 2011 bahwa proyek 985 telah ditutup dan tidak ada universitas lain yang dapat bergabung. Pada September 2017, diumumkan program Kelas Utama Ganda, yang kemungkinan akan mengubah daftar peringkat universitas paling bergengsi di Tiongkok. Le programme 985 fut annoncé en Mai 1998 par le gouvernement chinois dans le but de construire les universités de niveau international. Il découle de la volonté du gouvernement central « d'assurer la réalisation de la modernité du pays et de construire des universités de premier rang » (discours prononcé par le Président Jiang Zemin, le 4 mai 1998). Ce projet a accéléré la fusion des universités, le recrutement de professeurs de haut niveau ou d'experts étrangers renommés. Il a permis la réforme du système du personnel enseignant, le renforcement de la recherche, l'association entre universités, centres d'études et entreprises et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Une trentaine d'universités ont été sélectionnées pour ce programme qui n'est pas largement diffusé ni porté à la connaissance du grand public. En octobre 2015, le Conseil d'État de la République populaire de Chine a publié le « Plan global pour la promotion de la construction d'universités et de disciplines de première classe au monde (Plan universitaire double de première classe) » et a pris de nouvelles dispositions pour le développement de l'enseignement supérieur en Chine, remplaçant les projets précédents tels que « Projet 211 », « Projet 985 » ou « Disciplines clés caractéristiques du projet ». D'ici 2021, il y a 3 012 universités et collèges en Chine continentale, et les 140 universités Double First Class représentaient moins de 5% des établissements d'enseignement supérieur en Chine, représentant les universités et collèges les plus élitistes de ce pays. 985工程（英语：Project 985），俗称“985院校”，是指中华人民共和国教育部原为了建设若干所世界一流大学和一批世界著名高水平研究型大学而实施的教育计划，此名来自于1998年5月時任中共中央總書記江澤民在北京大學百年校庆上提出的想法。该工程至2010年第三批建设结束后共有39所高校入选，所有高校也均在211工程的112所高校名单内。最初入选985工程的高校有九所，称九校联盟。 从2007年至2014年，教育部每年都会在工作要点中提及“985工程”和“211工程”。2014年后，中华人民共和国教育部开始逐渐淡化985工程与211工程，拨款开始向高水平学科倾斜。自2015年起的工作要点中已不见“985工程”和“211工程”。 2015年8月18日，中共中央总书记习近平主持中央全面深化改革领导小组会议，审议通过《统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案》；10月24日，国务院印发《统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案》；对新时期高等教育重点建设做出新部署，将“211工程”“985工程”及“优势学科创新平台”等重点建设项目统一纳入世界一流大学和一流学科（“双一流”）建设；同年11月，由国务院印发，决定统筹推进建设世界一流大学和一流学科（“双一流”建设）。 2016年6月，中华人民共和国教育部公布了国务院学位委员会国家语委关于宣布失效一批规范性文件的通知（教政法〔2016〕12号），宣布《“985工程”建设实施管理办法》，《“211工程”建设实施管理办法》等一批规范性文件失效，已失效的规范性文件不再作为行政管理的依据,这被视为是985工程和211工程实质上的终结。 2017年9月，“双一流”名单正式公布，原985工程正式被纳入世界一流大学和一流学科建设计划中。39所原985高校被分别划入“一流大学建设高校A类”（36所）与“一流大学建设高校B类”（3所）。 O Projeto 985 (chinês: 985工程, pinyin: Jiǔbāwǔ gōngchéng) é um projeto que foi anunciado pela primeira vez pelo Secretário-Geral do Partido Comunista da China e Presidente da China Jiang Zemin no 100º aniversário da Universidade de Pequim em 4 de maio de 1998. O objetivo do projeto é promover o desenvolvimento e a reputação do sistema de ensino superior chinês elevando as universidades ao nível mundial no século XXI. O nome deriva da data do anúncio, maio de 1998 ou 98/5, de acordo com o formato de data chinês. O projeto envolve tanto governos nacionais como locais que alocam grandes quantias de financiamento destinadas à certas universidades para construir novos centros de pesquisa, melhorar instalações, realizar conferências internacionais, atrair professores de renome mundial e acadêmicos visitantes, e ajudar professores chineses a participar de conferências no exterior. Em 2009, as 9 universidades fundadoras originais do Projeto 985 formaram a Liga C9 que é conhecida como o equivalente chinês da Ivy League dos EUA. No final da segunda fase do projeto, 39 universidades eram patrocinadas. Foi anunciado em 2011 que o projeto fecharia suas portas e não aceitaria novas escolas. Em setembro de 2017, um plano semelhante chamado Plano Duplo de Universidades de Primeira Classe foi anunciado. Não ficou claro se esse plano representa uma nova maneira de classificar as universidades na China, ou uma forma de substituir o e o Projeto 985. Projekt 985 (chinesisch 985工程, Pinyin Jiǔbāwǔ gōngchéng) ist ein Projekt, das vom Generalsekretär des KPCh und chinesischen Präsidenten Jiang Zemin erstmals am 4. Mai 1998 anlässlich des 100-jährigen Bestehens der Peking-Universität angekündigt wurde, um die Entwicklung und das Ansehen des durch die Gründung von Weltklasse-Universitäten im 21. Jahrhundert zu fördern. Der Name leitet sich vom Datum der Ankündigung ab, Mai 1998 oder 98/5 nach dem chinesischen Datumsformat. Im Rahmen des Projekts stellen sowohl nationale als auch lokale Regierungen große Summen an Finanzmitteln für bestimmte Universitäten bereit, um neue Forschungszentren zu errichten, die Einrichtungen zu verbessern, internationale Konferenzen abzuhalten, weltbekannte Dozenten und Gastwissenschaftler anzuziehen und chinesischen Dozenten die Teilnahme an Konferenzen im Ausland zu erleichtern. Laut dem Shanghai-Ranking 2018/19 und der 2019/20 werden die meisten dieser 39 Universitäten des Projekts 985 zu den 500 besten Universitäten der Welt gezählt. Im Jahr 2009 gründeten die ursprünglich 9 Gründungsmitglieduniversitäten des Projekts 985 die C9-Liga, die als chinesisches Äquivalent der US-Ivy League bezeichnet wird. Am Ende der zweiten Phase des Projekts wurden 39 Universitäten gesponsert. Im Jahr 2011 wurde bekannt gegeben, dass das Projekt abgeschlossen sei und keine neuen Schulen beitreten könnten. Im September 2017 wurde ein damit zusammenhängender Plan mit der Bezeichnung (chinesisch 世界一流大学和一流学科建设, Pinyin Shìjiè yīliú dàxué hé yīliú xuékē jiànshè) angekündigt. Es war unklar, ob dieser Plan eine neue Art der Einstufung von Universitäten in China darstellt oder ob er Projekt 211 und Projekt 985 ersetzt. 985工程（きゅうはちごこうてい、英語: Project 985）は中国教育部が1998年5月に定めたもので、中国の大学での研究活動の質を国際レベルに挙げるために、211工程の中で限られた重点大学に重点的に投資していくプログラムである。江沢民党総書記（最高指導者）が北京大学創立100周年の際に初めて言及した。 2019年11月28日、985工程は211工程とともに双一流に統合されると教育部の説明があった。 El Proyecto 985 (en chino, 985工程; pinyin, 985 gōngchéng) es un proyecto anunciado pot el Secretario general del Comité Central del Partido Comunista de China Jiang Zemin en el centenario de la Universidad de Pekín el 4 de mayo de 1998 para promover el desarrollo y la reputación del sistema universitario chino.​ El proyecto supone la inversión de grandes cantidades de dinero tanto a los gobiernos locales como al nacional​ para la construcción de nuevos centros de investigación, mantener congresos internacionales, atraer expertos internacionales y profesores visitantes y ayudar a los profesores chinos a participar en congresos en el extranjero.​ Cuando se anunció la primera vez, se permitió el acceso al presupuesto del proyecto a un grupo de 9 universidades de élite.​ Estas nueve universidades formaron la Liga C9 en 2009, el equivalente chino a la Ivy League estadounidense.​ Al finalizar la segunda fase del proyecto, había 39 universidades financiadas por este programa. En 2011 se anunció que el proyecto no admitiría más universidades.​ En octubre de 2015, el Consejo de Estado de la República Popular China publicó el 'Plan general para promover la construcción de universidades de primera clase mundial y disciplinas de primera clase (Plan universitario doble de primera clase)' e hizo nuevos arreglos para el desarrollo de la educación superior en China. reemplazando proyectos anteriores como 'Proyecto 211', 'Proyecto 985' o 'Disciplinas clave de características del proyecto'.​ Para 2021, hay 3012 universidades y facultades en China continental, y las 140 universidades de doble primera clase representaron menos del 5 % de las instituciones de educación superior en China, lo que representa las universidades y facultades más elitistas de este país. Project 985 (Chinese: 985工程; pinyin: 985 Gōngchéng) was a terminated project that was first announced by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Jiang Zemin at the 100th anniversary of Peking University on May 4, 1998, to promote the development and reputation of the Chinese higher education system by founding world-class universities in the 21st century. The name derives from the date of the announcement, May 1998, or 98/5 according to the Chinese date format. The project involves both national and local governments allocating large amounts of funding to certain universities in order to build new research centers, improve facilities, hold international conferences, attract world-renowned faculty and visiting scholars, and help Chinese faculty attend conferences abroad. Проект 985 (кит. 985工程) — проект по развитию системы высшего образования в Китае, предложенный бывшим президентом КНР Цзян Цзэминем на праздновании 100-й годовщины Пекинского университета 4 мая 1998 (по обозначению года и месяца: 98-5 (май)). Основная цель проекта — при сотрудничестве с местными правительствами вывести на мировой уровень несколько ведущих университетов Китая. 4 мая 1998 года Цзян Цзэминь сказал: «КНР должна быть представлена в мировом научном сообществе университетами высшего уровня», — после чего проект и начал осуществляться. В первой фазе были отобраны 9 университетов, которые получили средства на развитие на период трёх лет：
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