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Дуран, Профиат Isaak ben Mose Hallevi Profiat Duran Profiat Duran Profiat Duran Profiat Duran
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Profiat Duran (in ebraico: פרופייט דוראן‎?, nome ebraico Isaac ben Moses ha-Levi; 1350 – 1415) apologista, medico, filosofo, grammatico ebreo catalano.Profiat Duran era anche chiamato col sobriquet di Efodi (in ebraico: האפודי‎?), in riferimento ai due grammatici intitolati "Ephod". Profiat Duran (c. 1350 – c. 1415) (Hebrew: פרופייט דוראן), full Hebrew name Isaac ben Moses ha-Levi; was a Jewish apologist/polemicist, philosopher, physician, grammarian, and controversialist in the 14th century. He was later sometimes referred to by the sobriquet Efodi (האפודי) through association with his two grammars entitled "Ephod." After being forcibly converted in 1391, he also appears in official records under his converso Christian name Honoratus de Bonafide. After escaping Spain, he returned to practicing Judaism openly, and wrote a number of works including polemics against Christianity and grammar. Isaak ben Mose Hallevi Profiat Duran (genannt Efodi, * um 1350 vermutlich in Perpignan; † um 1415; „Duran“ war eine jüdisch-provençalische Familie) war ein philosophisch gebildeter Grammatiker und Hebraist in Spanien, der während der Verfolgungen von 1391 zum Christentum übertrat und danach zum Judentum zurückkehrte. Profiat Duran verfasste unter anderem auch „maasse efod“, eine hebräische Grammatik. Profiat Duran (hébreu : יצחק בן משה הלוי, Itzhak ben Moshe Halevi ; catalan : Maestre Profiat Duran), dit Epho"d ou HaEfodi (hébreu : אפ"ד, acronyme de Ani Profiat Duran : « Je suis Profiat Duran ») ou Efodaeus dit aussi Honoratus de Bonafide est un grammairien, controversiste et philosophe des XIVe et XVe siècles (c. 1350 - c. 1415). Профиат Дуран, прозванный мэтр Профиат (Maestre Profiat), а также Эфоди (Efodi или Efodaeus; от начальных букв слов אני פרופײט דוראן; настоящее имя Исаак бен-Моисей Галеви; после 1350 — ок. 1415) — еврейский философ, грамматик, критик и историк XIV—XV веков в королевстве Арагон.
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Профиат Дуран, прозванный мэтр Профиат (Maestre Profiat), а также Эфоди (Efodi или Efodaeus; от начальных букв слов אני פרופײט דוראן; настоящее имя Исаак бен-Моисей Галеви; после 1350 — ок. 1415) — еврейский философ, грамматик, критик и историк XIV—XV веков в королевстве Арагон. Profiat Duran (in ebraico: פרופייט דוראן‎?, nome ebraico Isaac ben Moses ha-Levi; 1350 – 1415) apologista, medico, filosofo, grammatico ebreo catalano.Profiat Duran era anche chiamato col sobriquet di Efodi (in ebraico: האפודי‎?), in riferimento ai due grammatici intitolati "Ephod". Non è noto il luogo esatto di nascita, sebbene dalle fonti risulti che sia vissuto per alcuni anni nella città di Perpignano. Frequentò una scuola talmudica in Germania, aprendo i propri interessi alla filosofia e alle altre scienze, nonostante il divieto da parte dei suoi maestri. Divenne precettore nella nobile famiglia giudeo-catalana Crescas e, durante le rivolte del 1391, fu costretto a farsi battezzare. Risultando fra i convertiti al cristianesimo, assunse il nuovo nome di Honoratus de Bonafide. Profiat Duran (hébreu : יצחק בן משה הלוי, Itzhak ben Moshe Halevi ; catalan : Maestre Profiat Duran), dit Epho"d ou HaEfodi (hébreu : אפ"ד, acronyme de Ani Profiat Duran : « Je suis Profiat Duran ») ou Efodaeus dit aussi Honoratus de Bonafide est un grammairien, controversiste et philosophe des XIVe et XVe siècles (c. 1350 - c. 1415). Profiat Duran (c. 1350 – c. 1415) (Hebrew: פרופייט דוראן), full Hebrew name Isaac ben Moses ha-Levi; was a Jewish apologist/polemicist, philosopher, physician, grammarian, and controversialist in the 14th century. He was later sometimes referred to by the sobriquet Efodi (האפודי) through association with his two grammars entitled "Ephod." After being forcibly converted in 1391, he also appears in official records under his converso Christian name Honoratus de Bonafide. After escaping Spain, he returned to practicing Judaism openly, and wrote a number of works including polemics against Christianity and grammar. Isaak ben Mose Hallevi Profiat Duran (genannt Efodi, * um 1350 vermutlich in Perpignan; † um 1415; „Duran“ war eine jüdisch-provençalische Familie) war ein philosophisch gebildeter Grammatiker und Hebraist in Spanien, der während der Verfolgungen von 1391 zum Christentum übertrat und danach zum Judentum zurückkehrte. In einer Reimprosa-Epistel, die mit den Worten „al tehi ka-awotecha“ („Sei nicht wie deine Väter“) beginnt, geißelte er mit bissiger Ironie die Apostasie seines Freundes David Bonet Bonjorn und hob die irrationalen Elemente des christlichen Glaubens derart hervor, dass unbedarfte Leser es als pathetisches Lob des Christentums missverstehen konnten und die Epistel als „Alteca Boteca“ sogar zitierten. Im umfangreichen Buch „kelimmat ha-gojim“ („Schmach der Nichtjuden“), das er als Getaufter verfasst hatte, unterzog er Passagen des Neuen Testaments und aus den Kirchenvätern (vor allem aus Hieronymus) einer geradezu historisch-kritischen Prüfung, die vielen späteren Apologeten als Vorbild gedient hat. Das Buch behandelt in zwölf Kapiteln die Göttlichkeit Jesu, Trinitäts- und Inkarnationslehre, die Unaufhebbarkeit der Tora, das Papsttum, Sakramente und zahlreiche von den Christen anders gedeutete Stellen des Alten Testaments. Darin kritisiert er die Kirchenväter unter anderem dafür, dass ihre Trinitätslehre auf falschen Schlussfolgerungen aus der Kabbala basiere. Profiat Duran verfasste unter anderem auch „maasse efod“, eine hebräische Grammatik.
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