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Open-world assumption 开放世界假定 Ipotesi del mondo aperto Предположение об открытости мира Hypothèse du monde ouvert
rdfs:comment
In un sistema logico formale utilizzato per la rappresentazione della conoscenza, l'ipotesi del mondo aperto (nota anche in inglese come open-world assumption, o OWA) è l'ipotesi secondo cui il valore di verità di una dichiarazione può essere positivo indipendentemente dal fatto che la dichiarazione sia un fatto conosciuto essere vero. È l'opposta dell'ipotesi del mondo chiuso (CWA), in cui ogni dichiarazione è vera solo se è nota essere tale. Предположение об открытости мира, (ПОМ) — предположение в формальной логике о том, что истинность утверждения не зависит от того, «известно» ли какому-либо наблюдателю или агенту о верности данного утверждения. Оно противоположно предположению о замкнутости мира, из которого следует, что ложно любое утверждение, о котором не известно, что оно верно. In a formal system of logic used for knowledge representation, the open-world assumption is the assumption that the truth value of a statement may be true irrespective of whether or not it is known to be true. It is the opposite of the closed-world assumption, which holds that any statement that is true is also known to be true. En logique formelle, l’hypothèse du monde ouvert est la supposition selon laquelle la véracité d'une affirmation ne dépend pas de la connaissance d'un agent ou d'un observateur. En d'autres termes, "ce n'est pas parce qu'on ne connaît pas une information que cette information est fausse". Cette hypothèse est utilisée en particulier dans le langage d'ontologie du web sémantique OWL. L'hypothèse du monde ouvert est notamment faite au sein des logiques descriptives. * Portail de la logique * Portail de l'informatique théorique 开放世界假定是当前没有陈述的事情是未知的假定。开放世界假定可以被认为暗含在 RDF 和 OWL 中，因为没有明确的包含在语义 web 或本体(ontology)中的所有元组，都被暗含的假定为是未知的事实而不是假的。 例子 1. 陈述: "Mary"是"法国"的"公民"。 提问: Mary 是加拿大公民吗? "封闭世界"(比如 SQL 或 XML)回答: 否。 "开放世界"回答: 不知道(Mary 可能有双重国籍)。 例子 2. 陈述: "Jane"的"母亲是""Mary"。 "母亲是"的"基数"为 1。 新陈述: "Jane"的"母亲是""Elizabeth"。 "封闭世界"反应: 错误。人只能有一个母亲。 "开放世界"反应: 新事实。"Mary""就是""Elizabeth"。
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Предположение об открытости мира, (ПОМ) — предположение в формальной логике о том, что истинность утверждения не зависит от того, «известно» ли какому-либо наблюдателю или агенту о верности данного утверждения. Оно противоположно предположению о замкнутости мира, из которого следует, что ложно любое утверждение, о котором не известно, что оно верно. En logique formelle, l’hypothèse du monde ouvert est la supposition selon laquelle la véracité d'une affirmation ne dépend pas de la connaissance d'un agent ou d'un observateur. En d'autres termes, "ce n'est pas parce qu'on ne connaît pas une information que cette information est fausse". Cette hypothèse est utilisée en particulier dans le langage d'ontologie du web sémantique OWL. Cette hypothèse s'oppose à l'hypothèse du monde clos, dans laquelle l'absence d'information sur une affirmation est interprétée comme la preuve de sa fausseté. Les bases de données traditionnelles fonctionnent implicitement en monde clos. L'hypothèse du monde ouvert est notamment faite au sein des logiques descriptives. * Portail de la logique * Portail de l'informatique théorique 开放世界假定是当前没有陈述的事情是未知的假定。开放世界假定可以被认为暗含在 RDF 和 OWL 中，因为没有明确的包含在语义 web 或本体(ontology)中的所有元组，都被暗含的假定为是未知的事实而不是假的。 例子 1. 陈述: "Mary"是"法国"的"公民"。 提问: Mary 是加拿大公民吗? "封闭世界"(比如 SQL 或 XML)回答: 否。 "开放世界"回答: 不知道(Mary 可能有双重国籍)。 例子 2. 陈述: "Jane"的"母亲是""Mary"。 "母亲是"的"基数"为 1。 新陈述: "Jane"的"母亲是""Elizabeth"。 "封闭世界"反应: 错误。人只能有一个母亲。 "开放世界"反应: 新事实。"Mary""就是""Elizabeth"。 In a formal system of logic used for knowledge representation, the open-world assumption is the assumption that the truth value of a statement may be true irrespective of whether or not it is known to be true. It is the opposite of the closed-world assumption, which holds that any statement that is true is also known to be true. In un sistema logico formale utilizzato per la rappresentazione della conoscenza, l'ipotesi del mondo aperto (nota anche in inglese come open-world assumption, o OWA) è l'ipotesi secondo cui il valore di verità di una dichiarazione può essere positivo indipendentemente dal fatto che la dichiarazione sia un fatto conosciuto essere vero. È l'opposta dell'ipotesi del mondo chiuso (CWA), in cui ogni dichiarazione è vera solo se è nota essere tale. Ad esempio, data una base di conoscenza consistente nell'unica informazione "Il cane è un animale", alla domanda "Il gatto è un animale?" un sistema CWA risponderebbe "No", mentre un sistema OWA risponderebbe "Non so". Ci si basa su tale ipotesi quando si ha a che fare con knowledge base di cui non si garantisce la completezza. La logica adottata è monotona ed è prevista l'esistenza di più modelli che soddisfano gli assiomi dati, talvolta risultando poco intuitiva.
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