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Бизнес-модели открытого программного обеспечения Business models for open-source software Modèles économiques des logiciels open source Geschäftsmodelle für Open-Source-Software オープンソースソフトウェアのビジネスモデル
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Существуют разные бизнес-модели для получения прибыли используя открытое программное обеспечение. Открытое программное обеспечение может быть продано и использовано в коммерческих целях. Финансовые поступления с открытого программного обеспечения чаще всего поступают с различных видов платных услуг, таких как обучение или техническая поддержка, чем с самой продажи ПО. Использование двойного лицензирования позволяет продавать ПО под отдельными условиями лицензирования, которое идёт под лицензией открытого программного обеспечения. Клиенты могут пользоваться данным программным продуктом бесплатно или же приобрести коммерческую версию. オープンソースソフトウェアのビジネスモデルは、オープンソースソフトウェアを用いたビジネスモデルである。 オープンソースソフトウェアは、それそのもののアプリケーションおよび非オープンソースのアプリケーションのコンポーネントとして用いられ、多くのソフトウェアベンダー(ISV)、ハードウェアベンダー(OEM、ODM)、ライセンスセラー(VAR)は彼らの製品、ソフトウェア、サービスにオープンソースソフトウェアのフレームワーク、ライブラリ、モジュールを利用している。一方で、オープンソースソフトウェアはソフトウェアのソースコードを開示し、利用、修正、再頒布を認めるという特性から収益を得るビジネスモデルを成立させることが難しく、様々な手法でのビジネスモデルの確立が試行されている。 Geschäftsmodelle für Open-Source-Software entstehen dadurch, dass Open-Source-Software sowohl als eigenständige Anwendung als auch als Komponente in Nicht-Open-Source-Anwendungen weit verbreitet ist. Kunden können bereit sein, offene Technologien zu kommerziellen Bedingungen zu nutzen (und damit für Open-Source-Software zu bezahlen), wenn ein zusätzlicher Wert geschaffen wird. Dies kann der Fall sein durch angebotenen Rechtsschutz (z. B. Haftungsfreistellung von Urheberrechts- oder Patentverletzungen), professionelle Qualitätssicherung oder professionellen Support/Training/Beratung, die sonst typisch für kommerzielle Software sind. In diesem Fall können Kunden weiterhin von den Vorteilen von Open-Source-Software wie eine einer feinkörnigen Steuerung und einen fehlenden Lock-in-Effekt profi Companies whose business centers on the development of open-source software employ a variety of business models to solve the challenge of how to make money providing software that is by definition licensed free of charge. Each of these business strategies rests on the premise that users of open-source technologies are willing to purchase additional software features under proprietary licenses, or purchase other services or elements of value that complement the open-source software that is core to the business. This additional value can be, but not limited to, enterprise-grade features and up-time guarantees (often via a service-level agreement) to satisfy business or compliance requirements, performance and efficiency gains by features not yet available in the open source version, legal pr Les logiciels open source sont largement utilisés aussi bien comme des applications indépendantes que comme des composants d'applications non open source. De nombreux fournisseurs de logiciels indépendants (Independent Software Vendors ou ISV), revendeurs à valeur ajoutée (Value-Added Resellers ou VAR), matériels et fournisseurs (OEM ou ODM) utilisent des infrastructures open source, des modules et des bibliothèques au sein de leurs produits propriétaires et commerciaux. D'un point de vue client, la capacité à utiliser les technologies ouvertes à titre commercial est particulièrement importante. En couvrant éventuellement le risque juridique lié par exemple à l'indemnisation de droit d'auteur ou de violation de brevet, il est en effet possible de bénéficier de logiciels d'une qualité souve
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Les logiciels open source sont largement utilisés aussi bien comme des applications indépendantes que comme des composants d'applications non open source. De nombreux fournisseurs de logiciels indépendants (Independent Software Vendors ou ISV), revendeurs à valeur ajoutée (Value-Added Resellers ou VAR), matériels et fournisseurs (OEM ou ODM) utilisent des infrastructures open source, des modules et des bibliothèques au sein de leurs produits propriétaires et commerciaux. D'un point de vue client, la capacité à utiliser les technologies ouvertes à titre commercial est particulièrement importante. En couvrant éventuellement le risque juridique lié par exemple à l'indemnisation de droit d'auteur ou de violation de brevet, il est en effet possible de bénéficier de logiciels d'une qualité souvent équivalente ou supérieure aux applications commerciales d'éditeurs non open source, et de garanties professionnelles de support, en évitant les problématiques classiques d'enfermement et en contrôlant sa propre feuille de route[réf. nécessaire]. オープンソースソフトウェアのビジネスモデルは、オープンソースソフトウェアを用いたビジネスモデルである。 オープンソースソフトウェアは、それそのもののアプリケーションおよび非オープンソースのアプリケーションのコンポーネントとして用いられ、多くのソフトウェアベンダー(ISV)、ハードウェアベンダー(OEM、ODM)、ライセンスセラー(VAR)は彼らの製品、ソフトウェア、サービスにオープンソースソフトウェアのフレームワーク、ライブラリ、モジュールを利用している。一方で、オープンソースソフトウェアはソフトウェアのソースコードを開示し、利用、修正、再頒布を認めるという特性から収益を得るビジネスモデルを成立させることが難しく、様々な手法でのビジネスモデルの確立が試行されている。 Companies whose business centers on the development of open-source software employ a variety of business models to solve the challenge of how to make money providing software that is by definition licensed free of charge. Each of these business strategies rests on the premise that users of open-source technologies are willing to purchase additional software features under proprietary licenses, or purchase other services or elements of value that complement the open-source software that is core to the business. This additional value can be, but not limited to, enterprise-grade features and up-time guarantees (often via a service-level agreement) to satisfy business or compliance requirements, performance and efficiency gains by features not yet available in the open source version, legal protection (e.g., indemnification from copyright or patent infringement), or professional support/training/consulting that are typical of proprietary software applications. Historically, these business models started in the late 1990s and early 2000s as "dual-licensing" models, for example MySQL, and have matured over time to include many variations, as described in the sections below. Pure dual licensing models are not uncommon, as a more nuanced business approach to open source software businesses has developed. Many of these variations are referred to an "open core" model, where the companies develop both open source software elements and other elements of value for a combined product. A variety of open-source compatible business approaches have gained prominence in recent years, as illustrated and tracked by the Commercial Open Source Software Index (COSSI), a list of commercial open source companies that have reached at least US$100 million in revenue. Notable examples include open core (sometimes referred to as dual licensing or multi-licensing), software as a service (not charging for the software but for the tooling and platform to consume the software as a service often via subscription), freemium, donation-based funding, crowdfunding, and crowdsourcing. There are several different types of business models for making profit using open-source software (OSS) or funding the creation and ongoing development and maintenance. Below are a list of current existing and legal commercial business models approaches in context of open-source software and open-source licenses. The acceptance of these approaches varies; some of these approaches are recommended (like open core and selling services), others are accepted, while still others are considered controversial or even unethical by the open-source community. The underlying objective of these business models is to harness the size and international scope of the open-source community (typically more than an order of magnitude larger than what would be achieved with closed-source software equivalents) for a sustainable commercial venture. The vast majority of commercial open-source companies experience a conversion ratio (as measured by the percentage of downloaders who buy something) well below 1%, so low-cost and highly-scalable marketing and sales functions are key to these firms' profitability. Существуют разные бизнес-модели для получения прибыли используя открытое программное обеспечение. Открытое программное обеспечение может быть продано и использовано в коммерческих целях. Финансовые поступления с открытого программного обеспечения чаще всего поступают с различных видов платных услуг, таких как обучение или техническая поддержка, чем с самой продажи ПО. Использование двойного лицензирования позволяет продавать ПО под отдельными условиями лицензирования, которое идёт под лицензией открытого программного обеспечения. Клиенты могут пользоваться данным программным продуктом бесплатно или же приобрести коммерческую версию. Более того, клиенты могут пользоваться новыми продуктами и узнавать о дополнительных бесплатных предложениях, но для работы использовать платные версии которые включают техническую поддержку и другие сервисы.Некоторые компании представляют последние версии только для коммерческого пользования. Разработчики добавляют модули, плагины или аддоны к открытому ПО. SourceForge, к примеру, разрешает проектам принимать пожертвования от пользователей. Также пользователи могут объединиться и собрать деньги для добавления какой-нибудь функциональности в проекте. Другие финансовые схемы включают в себя партнёрства с другими компаниями. Иногда некоторые коммерческие версии программ могут быть проданы и в дальнейшем стать бесплатными. Также существуют платные подписки. Geschäftsmodelle für Open-Source-Software entstehen dadurch, dass Open-Source-Software sowohl als eigenständige Anwendung als auch als Komponente in Nicht-Open-Source-Anwendungen weit verbreitet ist. Kunden können bereit sein, offene Technologien zu kommerziellen Bedingungen zu nutzen (und damit für Open-Source-Software zu bezahlen), wenn ein zusätzlicher Wert geschaffen wird. Dies kann der Fall sein durch angebotenen Rechtsschutz (z. B. Haftungsfreistellung von Urheberrechts- oder Patentverletzungen), professionelle Qualitätssicherung oder professionellen Support/Training/Beratung, die sonst typisch für kommerzielle Software sind. In diesem Fall können Kunden weiterhin von den Vorteilen von Open-Source-Software wie eine einer feinkörnigen Steuerung und einen fehlenden Lock-in-Effekt profitieren. Open-Source-Software wird weiterhin als Komponente innerhalb von proprietären, kommerziellen Produkten und Dienstleistungen von vielen unabhängigen Softwareanbietern (ISVs), Value-Added-Resellern (VARs) und Hardwareanbietern (OEMs oder ODMs) in Frameworks, Modulen und Bibliotheken verwendet.
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dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Open_source_business_models
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Open_source_commercial_software
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Open_source_funding
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Professional_open-source
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Commercial_application
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Commercial_open-source_applications
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Commercial_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
dbr:Commercial_open_source_applications
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
dbo:wikiPageRedirects
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software
Subject Item
wikipedia-en:Business_models_for_open-source_software
foaf:primaryTopic
dbr:Business_models_for_open-source_software