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Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph VIMOS Visible Multi Object Spectrograph
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The Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph (VIMOS) is a wide field imager and a multi-object spectrograph installed at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT), in Chile. The instrument used for deep astronomical surveys delivers visible images and spectra of up to 1,000 galaxies at a time. VIMOS images four rectangular areas of the sky, 7 by 8 arcminutes each, with gaps of 2 arcminutes between them. Its principal investigator was Olivier Le Fèvre. It was retired in 2018 to make space for the return of CRIRES+. Le Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph (VIMOS) est un instrument fonctionnant dans les longueurs d’onde visibles (de 360 à 1000 nm exactement). C’est à la fois un imageur grand-champ et un spectrographe multi-objets. Il est installé au foyer Nasmyth B de Melipal, le troisième télescope du VLT de l’ESO. Le faisceau lumineux arrivant du télescope est séparé en 4 faisceaux distincts (on parle de quadrants), et chaque faisceau suit un chemin optique propre dans l’instrument. Cela permet une grande souplesse d’utilisation. Il existe 3 modes d’utilisation de cet instrument : VIMOS, acronimo in inglese di Visible Multi Object Spectrograph, ovvero spettrografo multi-oggetto nel visibile, è uno spettrografo visualizzatore di immagini ad ampio campo e multi-oggetto installato sull'unità 3 (UT3) del Very Large Telescope dell'ESO, in Cile. Lo strumento è utilizzato per condurre osservazioni astronomiche dello spazio profondo: operante nel visibile (a lunghezze d'onda comprese tra 360 e 1000 nanometri), ha la capacità di raccogliere lo spettro anche di mille galassie contemporaneamente. È frutto di una collaborazione franco-italiana.
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Le Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph (VIMOS) est un instrument fonctionnant dans les longueurs d’onde visibles (de 360 à 1000 nm exactement). C’est à la fois un imageur grand-champ et un spectrographe multi-objets. Il est installé au foyer Nasmyth B de Melipal, le troisième télescope du VLT de l’ESO. Le faisceau lumineux arrivant du télescope est séparé en 4 faisceaux distincts (on parle de quadrants), et chaque faisceau suit un chemin optique propre dans l’instrument. Cela permet une grande souplesse d’utilisation. Il existe 3 modes d’utilisation de cet instrument : 1. * le mode imagerie permet d’obtenir des images grand champ (7'×8') dans chaque quadrant, 2. * le mode spectroscopie multi-objets permet grâce à l’utilisation de masques d’obtenir un grand nombre de spectres dans chaque quadrant (jusqu’à 750 spectres simultanés par quadrant, soit près de 3000 spectres qu’il est possible d’obtenir en une seule pose), 3. * le mode IFU permet, grâce à l’utilisation d’une grille de 6400 lentilles, couplées à autant de fibres optiques d’obtenir une couverture spectroscopique complète du champ du télescope (cette fois ci, le champ de vue est beaucoup plus réduit, environ un demi degré). The Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph (VIMOS) is a wide field imager and a multi-object spectrograph installed at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT), in Chile. The instrument used for deep astronomical surveys delivers visible images and spectra of up to 1,000 galaxies at a time. VIMOS images four rectangular areas of the sky, 7 by 8 arcminutes each, with gaps of 2 arcminutes between them. Its principal investigator was Olivier Le Fèvre. The Franco-Italian instrument operates in the visible part of the spectrum from 360 to 1000 nanometers (nm). In the conceptual design phase, the multi-object spectrograph then called VIRMOS included an additional instrument, NIMOS, operating in the near-infrared spectrum of 1100–1800 nm. Operating in the three different observation modes, direct imaging, multi-slit spectroscopy, and integral field spectroscopy, the main objective of the instrument is to study the early universe through massive redshift surveys, such as the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey. VIMOS saw its first light on 26 February, 2002, and has since been mounted on the Nasmyth B focus of VLT's Melipal unit telescope (UT3). It was retired in 2018 to make space for the return of CRIRES+. VIMOS, acronimo in inglese di Visible Multi Object Spectrograph, ovvero spettrografo multi-oggetto nel visibile, è uno spettrografo visualizzatore di immagini ad ampio campo e multi-oggetto installato sull'unità 3 (UT3) del Very Large Telescope dell'ESO, in Cile. Lo strumento è utilizzato per condurre osservazioni astronomiche dello spazio profondo: operante nel visibile (a lunghezze d'onda comprese tra 360 e 1000 nanometri), ha la capacità di raccogliere lo spettro anche di mille galassie contemporaneamente. È frutto di una collaborazione franco-italiana. Opera in tre modalità differenti di osservazione, il rilevamento diretto, la e la spettroscopia a campo integrale; il suo obiettivo principale è quello di studiare l'universo primordiale attraverso indagini di redshift, come il VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey. VIMOS ha visto la sua prima luce il 26 febbraio 2002 e da allora è stato montato sul fuoco Nasmyth B dell'unità telescopica del Melipal(UT3) al VLT. Lo strumento è stato dismesso dal VLT il 24 marzo 2018 per essere sostituito dallo spettrografo criogenico per infrarossi da alta risoluzione (CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph), l'ultimo degli strumenti di prima generazione, quelli cioè già progettati all'atto di costruzione del VLT.
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