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元系统跃迁 Metasystem transition Transiciones de metasistemas
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A metasystem transition is the emergence, through evolution, of a higher level of organization or control. A metasystem is formed by the integration of a number of initially independent components, such as molecules (as theorized for instance by hypercycles), cells, or individuals, and the emergence of a system steering or controlling their interactions. As such, the collective of components becomes a new, goal-directed individual, capable of acting in a coordinated way. This metasystem is more complex, more intelligent, and more flexible in its actions than the initial component systems. Prime examples are the origin of life, the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms, the emergence of eusociality or symbolic thought. Una transición de metasistemas es la aparición, a través de la evolución, de un mayor nivel de organización o control. 元系统跃迁或元系统转换是指通过进化，突现更高层次的组织或控制。 最好的例子如生命起源，单细胞到多细胞的进化，象征性思维。元系统是一些本来互相独立的组件，如分子,细胞,个体等等的组合，突现出的系统调整和控制其间的互动。
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A metasystem transition is the emergence, through evolution, of a higher level of organization or control. A metasystem is formed by the integration of a number of initially independent components, such as molecules (as theorized for instance by hypercycles), cells, or individuals, and the emergence of a system steering or controlling their interactions. As such, the collective of components becomes a new, goal-directed individual, capable of acting in a coordinated way. This metasystem is more complex, more intelligent, and more flexible in its actions than the initial component systems. Prime examples are the origin of life, the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms, the emergence of eusociality or symbolic thought. The concept of metasystem transition was introduced by the cybernetician Valentin Turchin in his 1970 book The Phenomenon of Science, and developed among others by Francis Heylighen in the Principia Cybernetica Project. The related notion of evolutionary transition was proposed by the biologists John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry, in their 1995 book The Major Transitions in Evolution. Another related idea, that systems ("operators") evolve to become more complex by successive closures encapsulating components in a larger whole, is proposed in "", developed by Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis. Turchin has applied the concept of metasystem transition in the domain of computing, via the notion of metacompilation or supercompilation. A supercompiler is a compiler program that compiles its own code, thus increasing its own efficiency, producing a remarkable speedup in its execution. Una transición de metasistemas es la aparición, a través de la evolución, de un mayor nivel de organización o control. 元系统跃迁或元系统转换是指通过进化，突现更高层次的组织或控制。 最好的例子如生命起源，单细胞到多细胞的进化，象征性思维。元系统是一些本来互相独立的组件，如分子,细胞,个体等等的组合，突现出的系统调整和控制其间的互动。
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