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매그너슨 법 麦诺森法案 Magnuson Act Magnuson Act Magnuson Act Loi Magnuson
rdfs:comment
The Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943, also known as the Magnuson Act, was an immigration law proposed by U.S. Representative (later Senator) Warren G. Magnuson of Washington and signed into law on December 17, 1943, in the United States. It allowed Chinese immigration for the first time since the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, and permitted some Chinese immigrants already residing in the country to become naturalized citizens. However, in many states, Chinese Americans (mostly immigrants but sometimes U.S. citizens) were denied property-ownership rights either by law or de facto until the Magnuson Act itself was fully repealed in 1965. Magnuson Act även kallad Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943 föreslogs av representanthusledamoten Warren G. Magnuson från Washington och blev lag i USA den 17 december 1943. För första gången sedan Chinese Exclusion Act från 1882 tilläts kinesiska invandrare, och lät kineser som redan vistades i USA att bli naturaliserade medborgare. Det var första gången sedan Naturalization Act of 1790 som asiater tilläts bli naturaliserade medborgare. Dock begränsades fortfarande äganderätten. I många delstater fick inte kineser (ens som amerikanska medborgare) denna äganderätt genom lag eller de facto förrän Magnuson Act slutligen avskaffades helt 1965. Der Magnuson Act (auch: Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943) war ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz. Das von Senator Warren G. Magnuson vorgeschlagene und am 17. Dezember 1943 verabschiedete Gesetz hob die Regelungen des seit 1882 bestehenden Chinese Exclusion Act auf und erlaubte Chinesen wieder die Einreise in die Vereinigten Staaten. Chinesen, die bereits in den USA lebten, erhielten mit dem Gesetz erstmals in der amerikanischen Geschichte auch die Möglichkeit, die Staatsbürgerschaft zu beantragen und zu erwerben. 매그너슨 법(Magnuson Act) 또는 1943년 중국인 배척 폐지법(Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943)은 미국 워싱턴의 하원의원(이후 상원의원) 이 제출하고, 1943년 12월 17일 서명된 이민 규제법이다. 《麦诺森法案》，又称1943年《排华法案》废止议案，是美国华盛顿州代表麦诺森和佛罗里达州参议员安德鲁在国会提出的，意在废除1882年颁布的《排华法案》，开放中国人入境移民，也允许在美国的中国人归化美籍。这也是自《》颁布以来首次允许亚洲人入籍。然而，《麦诺森法案》仍不承认中国人在美财产所有权。在一些州，直到1965年该法案被废除，中国人的财产所有权也未被承认。 《麦诺森法案》获得通过是在1943年12月17日。同年，中国在第二次世界大战中正式成为美国盟友。尽管大多数人认为该法案具有积极意义，但它对中国入境者的数量有严格限定：每年仅允许105人获得新的入境签证。这一人数，是由《移民法》规定，对于一些国家，入境移民的人数应是在美国该国人口的2%。但105人每年的数量与在美中国人数量相比严重偏低（根据1890年官方人口数据，在美中国人有107488人来计算，该法定人数应在2150人每年）。尽管计算方法有偏差，中国移民成功入境的数量与其他国籍或种族的移民者相比仍不成正比。而后来，随着《》的通过，中国移民的数量开始增长。 La loi d'abrogation de l'exclusion chinoise de 1943 (Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943), également connue sous le nom de loi Magnuson, est une loi sur l'immigration proposée par le représentant américain (plus tard sénateur) (en) de l'État de Washington et promulgée le 17 décembre 1943 aux États-Unis. Elle autorise l'immigration chinoise pour la première fois depuis l'adoption de la loi d'exclusion des Chinois de 1882 et permet à certains immigrants chinois résidant déjà dans le pays de devenir des citoyens américains. Cependant, la loi Magnuson prévoit le maintien de l'interdiction de propriété de biens et d'entreprises par les Chinois de souche. Dans de nombreux États, les Américains d'origine chinoise (y compris les citoyens américains) se voient refuser le droit de propriété, soit
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8
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dbp:effectiveDate
1943-12-17
dbp:introducedby
Warren Magnuson
dbp:introduceddate
1943-10-07
dbp:introducedin
House
dbp:passedbody
House Senate
dbp:passeddate
1943-10-21 1943-11-26
dbp:passedvote
Passed
dbp:shorttitle
Magnuson Act
dbp:signeddate
1943-12-17
dbp:signedpresident
dbr:Franklin_D._Roosevelt
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House Immigration and Naturalization]], Senate Immigration and Naturalization
dbp:enactedBy
78
dbp:nickname
Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943
dbo:abstract
매그너슨 법(Magnuson Act) 또는 1943년 중국인 배척 폐지법(Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943)은 미국 워싱턴의 하원의원(이후 상원의원) 이 제출하고, 1943년 12월 17일 서명된 이민 규제법이다. La loi d'abrogation de l'exclusion chinoise de 1943 (Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943), également connue sous le nom de loi Magnuson, est une loi sur l'immigration proposée par le représentant américain (plus tard sénateur) (en) de l'État de Washington et promulgée le 17 décembre 1943 aux États-Unis. Elle autorise l'immigration chinoise pour la première fois depuis l'adoption de la loi d'exclusion des Chinois de 1882 et permet à certains immigrants chinois résidant déjà dans le pays de devenir des citoyens américains. Cependant, la loi Magnuson prévoit le maintien de l'interdiction de propriété de biens et d'entreprises par les Chinois de souche. Dans de nombreux États, les Américains d'origine chinoise (y compris les citoyens américains) se voient refuser le droit de propriété, soit par la loi, soit de facto, jusqu'à ce que la loi Magnuson elle-même soit entièrement abrogée en 1965. Cette loi est la première législation depuis 1870 à assouplir les barrières raciales et nationales à l'immigration aux États-Unis et ouvre la voie à la législation et à la politique d'immigration totalement non raciales qui entrera en vigueur à la fin des années 1960. La loi Magnuson est promulgée le 17 décembre 1943, deux ans après que la République de Chine soit officiellement devenue une nation alliée des États-Unis pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Bien que considérée comme une évolution positive par beaucoup, elle est particulièrement restrictive pour les immigrants chinois, les limitant à un quota annuel de 105 nouveaux visas d'entrée. Le quota aurait été déterminé par la loi sur l'immigration de 1924, qui fixe l'immigration en provenance des pays éligibles à 2% du nombre de personnes de cette nationalité vivant déjà aux États-Unis en 1890. Cependant, le nombre arrivé à 105 par an accordé aux Chinois est disproportionnellement bas (le quota aurait dû être de 2 150 par an, car les chiffres officiels du recensement placent la population de Chinois de souche vivant aux États-Unis en 1890 à 107 488 personnes). Quelle que soit la méthode de calcul, le nombre d'immigrants chinois autorisés à entrer aux États-Unis est disproportionnellement faible par rapport à l'immigration autorisée d'autres nationalités et ethnies. L'immigration chinoise augmente ensuite avec l'adoption de la (en), qui abolit les barrières raciales directes et plus tard par la loi sur l'immigration et la nationalité de 1965, qui abolit la formule des origines nationales. The Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943, also known as the Magnuson Act, was an immigration law proposed by U.S. Representative (later Senator) Warren G. Magnuson of Washington and signed into law on December 17, 1943, in the United States. It allowed Chinese immigration for the first time since the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, and permitted some Chinese immigrants already residing in the country to become naturalized citizens. However, in many states, Chinese Americans (mostly immigrants but sometimes U.S. citizens) were denied property-ownership rights either by law or de facto until the Magnuson Act itself was fully repealed in 1965. This act is the first legislation since 1870 which relaxed racial and national immigration barriers in the United States and started the way to the completely non-racial immigration legislation and policy of the late 1960s. The Magnuson Act was passed on December 17, 1943, two years after the Republic of China became an official allied nation of the United States in World War II. Although considered a positive development by many, it was still restrictive, limiting Chinese immigrants to an annual quota of 105 new entry visas. The quota was determined according to the National Origins Formula prescribed by the Immigration Act of 1924, which set immigration quotas on countries subject to the law as a fraction of 150,000 in proportion to the number of inhabitants of that nationality residing in the United States as of the 1920 Census, which for China was determined to be 0.07%, or 105 per annum. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers and later by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula. Der Magnuson Act (auch: Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943) war ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz. Das von Senator Warren G. Magnuson vorgeschlagene und am 17. Dezember 1943 verabschiedete Gesetz hob die Regelungen des seit 1882 bestehenden Chinese Exclusion Act auf und erlaubte Chinesen wieder die Einreise in die Vereinigten Staaten. Chinesen, die bereits in den USA lebten, erhielten mit dem Gesetz erstmals in der amerikanischen Geschichte auch die Möglichkeit, die Staatsbürgerschaft zu beantragen und zu erwerben. 《麦诺森法案》，又称1943年《排华法案》废止议案，是美国华盛顿州代表麦诺森和佛罗里达州参议员安德鲁在国会提出的，意在废除1882年颁布的《排华法案》，开放中国人入境移民，也允许在美国的中国人归化美籍。这也是自《》颁布以来首次允许亚洲人入籍。然而，《麦诺森法案》仍不承认中国人在美财产所有权。在一些州，直到1965年该法案被废除，中国人的财产所有权也未被承认。 《麦诺森法案》获得通过是在1943年12月17日。同年，中国在第二次世界大战中正式成为美国盟友。尽管大多数人认为该法案具有积极意义，但它对中国入境者的数量有严格限定：每年仅允许105人获得新的入境签证。这一人数，是由《移民法》规定，对于一些国家，入境移民的人数应是在美国该国人口的2%。但105人每年的数量与在美中国人数量相比严重偏低（根据1890年官方人口数据，在美中国人有107488人来计算，该法定人数应在2150人每年）。尽管计算方法有偏差，中国移民成功入境的数量与其他国籍或种族的移民者相比仍不成正比。而后来，随着《》的通过，中国移民的数量开始增长。 Magnuson Act även kallad Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943 föreslogs av representanthusledamoten Warren G. Magnuson från Washington och blev lag i USA den 17 december 1943. För första gången sedan Chinese Exclusion Act från 1882 tilläts kinesiska invandrare, och lät kineser som redan vistades i USA att bli naturaliserade medborgare. Det var första gången sedan Naturalization Act of 1790 som asiater tilläts bli naturaliserade medborgare. Dock begränsades fortfarande äganderätten. I många delstater fick inte kineser (ens som amerikanska medborgare) denna äganderätt genom lag eller de facto förrän Magnuson Act slutligen avskaffades helt 1965. Lagen tillkom samma år som Kina och USA officiellt blev allierade i andra världskriget.
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CERA
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An Act to repeal the Chinese Exclusion Acts, to establish quotas, and for other purposes.
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§§ 262-297 & 299
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