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dbo:MilitaryConflict dbo:Event wikidata:Q1656682 owl:Thing dbo:SocietalEvent n18:Event schema:Event dbo:TelevisionShow
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Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
rdfs:comment
The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1794–1816) were a series of conflicts where British forces, including armed settlers and detachments of the British Army in Australia, fought against Indigenous clans inhabiting the Hawkesbury River region and the surrounding areas to the west of Sydney. The wars began in 1794, when the British started to construct farms along the river, some of which were established by soldiers.
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Hawkesbury Settlement
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Governor Arthur Phillip speared during a skirmish at Manly .
dbp:casualties
Dead: 80 confirmed Wounded: +100 Total Casualties: ~300 Dead: at least 80 confirmed Wounded: bare minimum of 74
dbp:combatant
Kingdom of Great Britain * New South Wales Corps * Burraberongal Tribe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland * New South Wales Corps Indigenous clans: * Dharug Nation * Eora Nation * Tharawal Nation * Gandangara Nation Irish-convict sympathisers
dbp:commander
Lachlan Macquarie Tedbury John Hunter George III John Wilson Musquito William Bligh James Wallis Yaragowhy Pemulwuy William Paterson Obediah Ikins Woglomigh Philip Gidley King William Knight
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Hawkesbury Settlement
dbp:date
1794
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the Australian frontier wars
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dbp:quote
"The Natives of the Hawkesbury... lived on the wild yams on the banks. Cultivation has rooted out these, and poverty compelled them to steal Indian corn... They [soldiers and settlers] came upon them [natives] unarmed, and unexpected, killed and wounded many more. The dead they hang on gibbets, in terrorem. The war may be universal on the part of the blacks, whose improvement and civilisation will be a long time deferred. The people killed were unfortunately the most friendly of the blacks, and one of them more than once saved the life of a white man."
dbp:result
British victory * Dispossession of land of the indigenous clans * Legal disputes until 1992 Mabo decision
dbp:source
–Rev Thomas Fyshe Palmer
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73 Indigenous clan numbers: approx. 3,000 2 46 Armed settlers: 2,000+ About 10+ armed Irish convicts New South Wales Corps : 550 Combined total force: 3,600 Burreberongal Tribe 100+
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22
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The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1794–1816) were a series of conflicts where British forces, including armed settlers and detachments of the British Army in Australia, fought against Indigenous clans inhabiting the Hawkesbury River region and the surrounding areas to the west of Sydney. The wars began in 1794, when the British started to construct farms along the river, some of which were established by soldiers. The local Darug people raided farms and murdered settlers until Governor Macquarie dispatched troops from the 46th Regiment of Foot in 1816. These troops patrolled the Hawkesbury Valley and ended the conflict by killing 14 Indigenous Australians in a raid on their campsite. Indigenous Australians led by Pemulwuy also conducted raids around Parramatta during the period between 1795 and 1802. These attacks led Governor Philip Gidley King to issue an order in 1801 which authorised settlers to shoot Indigenous Australians on sight in Parramatta, Georges River and Prospect areas. Many of the Aboriginal nations occasionally allied themselves to the British settlers in order to conquer more land for their tribes, and just as quickly returned to a state of war against the settlers. It was fought using mostly guerrilla-warfare tactics; however, several conventional battles also took place. The engagement resulted in the defeat of the Hawkesbury river and Nepean river Indigenous clans who were subsequently dispossessed of their lands. With the expansion of European settlement, large amounts of land was cleared for farming, which resulted in the destruction of Aboriginal food sources. This, combined with the introduction of new diseases such as smallpox, caused resentment within the Aboriginal clans against the settlers and resulted in violent confrontations, coordinated by men such as Pemulwuy.
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Wounded: bare minimum of 74 Dead: at least 80 confirmed Total Casualties: ~300 ('conservative estimate')
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* Dharug Nation *New South Wales Corps(1801–10) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–16) * Burraberongal Tribe * Gandangara Nation Irish-convict sympathisers Indigenous clans: *New South Wales Corps(1795–1800) * Tharawal Nation Kingdom of Great Britain(1795–1800) * Eora Nation
dbo:result
* Dispossession of land of the indigenous clans * Legal disputes until 1992Mabo decision British victory
dbo:strength
New South Wales Corps(1790–1810): 550 About 10+ armed Irish convicts 46th Regiment of Foot (1814–16): 600+ 73rd Regiment of Foot (1810–14): 450 Combined total force: 3,600 2 or morebushrangers Indigenous clan numbers: approx. 3,000 Burreberongal Tribe (1790–1802) 100+ Armed settlers: 2,000+
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