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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:California_Penal_Code_section_597t
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California Penal Code section 597t
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Section 597t of the Penal Code of California is a California State criminal law which requires that animals confined in enclosed areas be provided with an adequate exercise area. Even though this section of the Penal Code does not define "adequate exercise area", it would seem to prohibit the confinement of calves in veal crates, as well as the confinement of hens in battery cages and the confinement of sows in gestation crates. However, this law seems to have never been enforced.
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1073040060
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dbr:Gestation_crate dbr:Animal_Welfare dbr:California_Proposition_64_(2004) dbc:California_law dbr:Public_prosecutor dbr:Farm_Sanctuary dbr:California_Penal_Code dbr:California_Proposition_2_(2008) dbr:Civil_action dbr:Animal_Legal_Defense_Fund dbr:Summary_judgment dbr:Indictment dbr:Gestation_crates dbr:2018_California_Proposition_12 dbr:Humane_Society_of_the_United_States dbr:California_State_Board_of_Equalization dbr:Factory_Farming dbr:Criminal_law dbr:California dbr:Battery_cages dbr:Veal
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Section 597t of the Penal Code of California is a California State criminal law which requires that animals confined in enclosed areas be provided with an adequate exercise area. Even though this section of the Penal Code does not define "adequate exercise area", it would seem to prohibit the confinement of calves in veal crates, as well as the confinement of hens in battery cages and the confinement of sows in gestation crates. However, this law seems to have never been enforced. There is not a single court case in California where a defendant was found guilty of or even prosecuted for violating 597t. Because this law has never been applied in a court case, there is no precedential standard according to which animal confinement may be judged. Since 597t is a criminal law, it may not be enforced by private entities through civil action, and may only be enforced by a public prosecutor filing a criminal action, or by corporations formed for the prevention of cruelty to animals under the California Corporations Code ยง 10400
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dbr:2008_California_Proposition_2
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dbr:California_Penal_Code_section_597t
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dbr:California_Penal_Code_section_597t