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Sir William Lower (1570 – 12 April 1615) was an English astronomer from the early telescopic period, and a Member of Parliament. He was born in Cornwall, and after studying at Exeter College, Oxford, he married and settled in South-west Wales. In 1607 he observed Halley's comet and took a number of careful measurements which he communicated to Thomas Harriot, by which it was determined that the comet was following a curved course. Lower suggested that the comet's orbit obeyed Kepler's laws (instead of being an atmospheric phenomenon or following a rectilinear path, as was generally thought at the time).

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  • William Lower (vers 1570 – 12 avril 1615), est un astronome anglais, siégeant à la Chambre des communes et ami du mathématicien Thomas Harriot. Fils aîné d'un gentilhomme de Cornouailles, William Lower a fréquenté l'Université d'Oxford avant de poursuivre des études de droit. Mais en 1591, il est expulsé de l'école de droit du Middle Temple après avoir suivi un monôme d'étudiants et l'année suivante, il est poursuivi pour infamie devant la terrible Chambre étoilée. Ces débuts prometteurs ne l'empêchent pas, néanmoins, de réunir sur lui des suffrages : élu au Parlement à Bodmin puis à Lostwithiel, il pénètre en 1604, dans le cercle fermé des amis du 3e comte d'Essex. Mieux, en février 1605 il épouse Penelope Perrot, de la maison des Saint Clair, Baronets du pays de Galles, l'une des belles-filles du 9e comte de Northumberland, Henri Percy. Or, en novembre 1605 le comte Henry Percy, soupçonné de complicité dans la conspiration des poudres, l'entraîne dans sa chute. Torturé, les doigts brûlés, William Lower se retire après ce coup dans la solitude de ses terres du Carmarthenshire (en réalité celles de son épouse). De ses terres, il entretient une correspondance nourrie avec Thomas Harriot, qu'il a rencontré dans le cercle des savants du comte Percy. Sur ses conseils, William Lower s'initie à l'algèbre puis aux lois de la réfraction de la lumière. En 1607, fasciné par l'astronomie, il travaille avec John Protheroe sur la première lunette de fabrication britannique et réalise ainsi l'une des premières observations de la comète de Halley. En juin 1610 William Lower reçoit d'Harriot un résumé du fameux livre de Galilée publié en mars de la même année, le célèbre Nuncius Sidereus qui révèle l'existence des satellites de Jupiter. Il observe lui-même certains des satellites de Jupiter avec Harriot. Absorbé dans ces recherches, il oublie d'assister à la première session parlementaire de 1610. En 1611, il reprend les calculs de Kepler relatifs à l'orbite de Mars et devient un précieux assistant pour Harriot mais sa mort, en avril 1615, interrompt leur fructueuse collaboration. (fr)
  • Sir William Lower (1570 – 12 April 1615) was an English astronomer from the early telescopic period, and a Member of Parliament. He was born in Cornwall, and after studying at Exeter College, Oxford, he married and settled in South-west Wales. In 1607 he observed Halley's comet and took a number of careful measurements which he communicated to Thomas Harriot, by which it was determined that the comet was following a curved course. Lower suggested that the comet's orbit obeyed Kepler's laws (instead of being an atmospheric phenomenon or following a rectilinear path, as was generally thought at the time). Using a telescope that had been provided by Harriot, Lower made a number of observations of the moon, and noted that its surface appeared irregular and "like a tart that my cooke made me last weeke". Similar observations were published by Galileo a few weeks later. Lower represented Bodmin in the 1601 parliament, and Lostwithiel from 1604 to 1611. He was knighted in 1603. Lower married Penelope Perrot, the daughter of Sir Thomas Perrot and Dorothy Devereux, by whom he had three sons and a daughter. After Lower's death Penelope (née Perrot) married secondly Sir Robert Naunton, by whom she had a daughter Penelope, who married Philip Herbert, 5th Earl of Pembroke. (en)
  • William Lower (ur. 1570 w Kornwalii, zm. 12 kwietnia 1615) – angielski astronom i członek parlamentu. (pl)
  • Sir William Lower (1570 - 12 de abril de 1615) foi um astrônomo inglês e um membro do Parlamento britânico. Segundo consta, ele foi a primeira pessoa a observar um corpo celeste usando um telescópio. Ele observou a Lua, ainda no Século XVII, ao que ele disse que a mesma "se assemelhava a uma carta marítima holandesa, com baías, ilhas e enseadas". Observações semelhantes seriam publicadas por Galileu Galilei algumas semanas depois. De acordo com estudos de Allan Chapman, da Universidade de Oxford, uma carta com anotações sobre a Lua assinada por Lower antecede a publicação do , de Galileu, o que prova que ele, e não Galileu, foi o pioneiro em observar a Lua via telescópio. Em 1607, Lower observou o Cometa Halley e anotou uma série de medidas cuidadosas que foram comunicadas à Thomas Harriot, pelo qual foi determinado que o cometa estava seguindo um curso curvo. A partir disso, Lower foi uma das primeiras pessoas a sugerir que as leis de Kepler para o movimento dos planetas também se aplicavam aos cometas, em vez de este ser um fenômeno atmosférico ou seguir um caminho retilíneo, como geralmente se pensava na época. (pt)
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  • William Lower (ur. 1570 w Kornwalii, zm. 12 kwietnia 1615) – angielski astronom i członek parlamentu. (pl)
  • William Lower (vers 1570 – 12 avril 1615), est un astronome anglais, siégeant à la Chambre des communes et ami du mathématicien Thomas Harriot. Fils aîné d'un gentilhomme de Cornouailles, William Lower a fréquenté l'Université d'Oxford avant de poursuivre des études de droit. Mais en 1591, il est expulsé de l'école de droit du Middle Temple après avoir suivi un monôme d'étudiants et l'année suivante, il est poursuivi pour infamie devant la terrible Chambre étoilée. (fr)
  • Sir William Lower (1570 – 12 April 1615) was an English astronomer from the early telescopic period, and a Member of Parliament. He was born in Cornwall, and after studying at Exeter College, Oxford, he married and settled in South-west Wales. In 1607 he observed Halley's comet and took a number of careful measurements which he communicated to Thomas Harriot, by which it was determined that the comet was following a curved course. Lower suggested that the comet's orbit obeyed Kepler's laws (instead of being an atmospheric phenomenon or following a rectilinear path, as was generally thought at the time). (en)
  • Sir William Lower (1570 - 12 de abril de 1615) foi um astrônomo inglês e um membro do Parlamento britânico. Segundo consta, ele foi a primeira pessoa a observar um corpo celeste usando um telescópio. Ele observou a Lua, ainda no Século XVII, ao que ele disse que a mesma "se assemelhava a uma carta marítima holandesa, com baías, ilhas e enseadas". Observações semelhantes seriam publicadas por Galileu Galilei algumas semanas depois. De acordo com estudos de Allan Chapman, da Universidade de Oxford, uma carta com anotações sobre a Lua assinada por Lower antecede a publicação do , de Galileu, o que prova que ele, e não Galileu, foi o pioneiro em observar a Lua via telescópio. (pt)
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  • William Lower (fr)
  • William Lower (pl)
  • William Lower (pt)
  • William Lower (astronomer) (en)
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