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In 1917, during the First World War, the armies on the Western Front continued to change their fighting methods, due to the consequences of increased firepower, more automatic weapons, decentralisation of authority and the integration of specialised branches, equipment and techniques into the traditional structures of infantry, artillery and cavalry. Tanks, railways, aircraft, lorries, chemicals, concrete and steel, photography, wireless and advances in medical science increased in importance in all of the armies, as did the influence of the material constraints of geography, climate, demography and economics. The armies encountered growing manpower shortages, caused by the need to replace the losses of 1916 and by the competing demands for labour by civilian industry and agriculture. Dwin

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dbo:abstract
  • In 1917, during the First World War, the armies on the Western Front continued to change their fighting methods, due to the consequences of increased firepower, more automatic weapons, decentralisation of authority and the integration of specialised branches, equipment and techniques into the traditional structures of infantry, artillery and cavalry. Tanks, railways, aircraft, lorries, chemicals, concrete and steel, photography, wireless and advances in medical science increased in importance in all of the armies, as did the influence of the material constraints of geography, climate, demography and economics. The armies encountered growing manpower shortages, caused by the need to replace the losses of 1916 and by the competing demands for labour by civilian industry and agriculture. Dwindling manpower was particularly marked in the French and German armies, which made considerable changes in their methods during the year, simultaneously to pursue military-strategic objectives and to limit casualties. The French returned to a strategy of decisive battle in the Nivelle Offensive in April, using methods pioneered at the Battle of Verdun in December 1916, to break through the German defences on the Western front and return to a war of manoeuvre (Bewegungskrieg) but ended the year recovering from the disastrous result. The German army attempted to avoid the high infantry losses of 1916 by withdrawing to new deeper and dispersed defences. Defence in depth was intended to nullify the growing material strength of the Allies, particularly in artillery and succeeded in slowing the growth of Anglo-French battlefield superiority. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) continued its evolution into a mass army, capable of imposing itself on a continental power, took on much of the military burden borne by the French and Russian armies since 1914 and left the German army resorting to expedients to counter the development of its increasingly skilful use of fire-power and technology. During 1917 the BEF also encountered the manpower shortages affecting the French and Germans and at the Battle of Cambrai in December, received its biggest German attack since 1915, as German reinforcements began to flow from the Eastern Front. (en)
dbo:causalties
  • 7,947,000
dbo:combatant
  • Belgium
  • Russia
  • and theFrench Overseas Empire
dbo:commander
dbo:date
  • 1914-08-04 (xsd:date)
dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict
dbo:place
dbo:result
  • Allied victory
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  • 35053080 (xsd:integer)
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  • 153672 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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  • 1116516478 (xsd:integer)
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dbp:1a
  • Harris (en)
  • Simpson (en)
  • Edmonds (en)
dbp:1pp
  • 113 (xsd:integer)
  • 319 (xsd:integer)
  • 381 (xsd:integer)
dbp:1y
  • 1991 (xsd:integer)
  • 2001 (xsd:integer)
  • 2008 (xsd:integer)
dbp:2a
  • Sheffield (en)
  • Hammond (en)
  • Sheldon (en)
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  • 84 (xsd:integer)
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  • 247 (xsd:integer)
  • 308 (xsd:integer)
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  • 2007 (xsd:integer)
  • 2008 (xsd:integer)
  • 2011 (xsd:integer)
dbp:c
  • The Other Side of the Wire: The German Army in 1917 (en)
dbp:caption
  • Map of the Western Front, 1917 (en)
dbp:casualties
  • 5603000 (xsd:integer)
  • 7947000 (xsd:integer)
dbp:combatant
  • Belgium (en)
  • Russia (en)
  • and the French Overseas Empire (en)
dbp:commander
  • Ferdinand Foch from early 1918 (en)
  • Helmuth von Moltke the Younger → Erich von Falkenhayn → Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff → Hindenburg and Wilhelm Groener (en)
dbp:conflict
  • Western Front (en)
dbp:date
  • 0001-08-04 (xsd:gMonthDay)
dbp:first
  • R. T. (en)
dbp:imageSize
  • 250 (xsd:integer)
dbp:in
  • Grey (en)
  • Dennis (en)
dbp:last
  • Foley (en)
dbp:partof
  • The First World War (en)
dbp:place
  • Belgium and north-eastern France (en)
dbp:result
  • Allied victory (en)
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dbp:year
  • 2007 (xsd:integer)
dcterms:subject
rdf:type
rdfs:comment
  • In 1917, during the First World War, the armies on the Western Front continued to change their fighting methods, due to the consequences of increased firepower, more automatic weapons, decentralisation of authority and the integration of specialised branches, equipment and techniques into the traditional structures of infantry, artillery and cavalry. Tanks, railways, aircraft, lorries, chemicals, concrete and steel, photography, wireless and advances in medical science increased in importance in all of the armies, as did the influence of the material constraints of geography, climate, demography and economics. The armies encountered growing manpower shortages, caused by the need to replace the losses of 1916 and by the competing demands for labour by civilian industry and agriculture. Dwin (en)
rdfs:label
  • Western Front tactics, 1917 (en)
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  • Western Front (en)
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