dbo:abstract
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- Violence has been a part of ice hockey since at least the early 1900s. According to the book Hockey: A People's History, in 1904 alone, four players were killed during hockey games from the frequent brawls and violent stickwork. More modern examples of violence include brawls, bench clearing brawls, fighting, fan involvement, physical abuse of officials and deliberately injuring opponents. Violent actions such as kicking, hitting from behind and prohibited stickwork, are penalized with suspensions or fines. Fighting, or fisticuffs, is also penalized but is considered by many hockey enthusiasts, particularly in North America, to be quite distinct from stick-swinging or other violent acts. They regard fighting as an entrenched, acceptable and integral part of the game. On the ice, referees may impose penalties for prohibited activities. Off the ice, the National Hockey League (NHL) sometimes fines, suspends or expels players. The criminal justice system has also occasionally charged and convicted players. As a result, hockey has become much more regulated and the violent element much more controlled. This has been aided, in no small part, by dramatic increases in disciplinary processes and technology allowing for a high level of scrutiny of any event which occurs. (en)
- 至少从1900年代初开始,暴力一直是冰球运动的一部分。根据《》一书记载,仅在1904年就有四名球员在冰球比赛中,因频繁的斗殴和暴力而丧生。 现代的例子像是斗殴、球迷参与、殴打裁判和故意伤害对手,其中包括使用踢腿、从背后偷袭和使用棍棒等被禁止的暴力行为,将会受到停赛或罚款的处罚。另一方面,格斗或赤手空拳的打架虽然也会受到处罚,但对许多北美的冰球爱好者而言,认为这是一种传统文化,与挥棍等其他暴力行为截然不同,将格斗视为比赛中根深蒂固、可接受且不可或缺的一部分。 在冰场比赛中,裁判可以对被禁止的行为进行处罚。在比赛现场外,国家冰球联盟有时会对球员进行罚款、停赛或开除球员。司法系统偶尔也会指控球员,并给予定罪。其结果是冰球比赛变得更加规范,暴力行为更加可控,这在很大程度上,得益于急剧增加的纪律和技术程序,允许对发生的任何事件进行高度审查。 (zh)
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