dbo:abstract
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- United States of America v. Progressive, Inc., Erwin Knoll, Samuel Day, Jr., and Howard Morland, 467 F. Supp. 990 (W.D. Wis. 1979), was a lawsuit brought against The Progressive magazine by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) in 1979. A temporary injunction was granted against The Progressive to prevent the publication of an article written by activist Howard Morland that purported to reveal the "secret" of the hydrogen bomb. Though the information had been compiled from publicly available sources, the DOE claimed that it fell under the "born secret" clause of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. Although the case was filed in the Western District of Wisconsin, the judge there recused himself as a friend of the magazine. The case was therefore brought before Judge Robert W. Warren, a judge in the Eastern District of Wisconsin. Because of the sensitive nature of information at stake in the trial, two separate hearings were conducted, one in public, and the other in camera. The defendants, Morland and the editors of The Progressive, would not accept security clearances, which would put restraints on their free speech, and so were not present at the in camera hearings. Their lawyers did obtain clearances so that they could participate, but were forbidden from conveying anything they heard there to their clients. The article was eventually published after the government lawyers dropped their case during the appeals process, calling it moot after other information was independently published. Despite its indecisive conclusion, law students still study the case, which "could have been a law school hypothetical designed to test the limits of the presumption of unconstitutionality attached to prior restraints". (en)
- 美利坚合众国诉进步公司、欧文·诺尔、小塞缪尔·戴和霍华德·莫兰案(United States of America v. Progressive, Inc., Erwin Knoll, Samuel Day, Jr., and Howard Morland,467 F. Supp. 990 W.D. Wis. 1979)是1979年美國能源部控告《进步》(The Progressive)杂志的一起司法案件。法院当时颁布了一道临时禁制令来制止《进步》发表一篇由反核武积极分子(Howard Morland)撰写的文章,这篇文章声称要揭露氢弹的“秘密”。虽然文章中的信息都是搜集自公开来源,但美国能源部声称根据的条款,应该禁止这篇文章发表。 这个案件起初是在美国威斯康星西部联邦地区法院提起诉讼的,但由于法官本人因与该杂志社有私人往来而自行回避,案件因此转交东部地区法院的罗伯特·W·沃伦法官进行审理。考虑到庭审涉及信息的敏感性,法庭分别进行了两次独立的听证会,一次公开进行,另一次不公开。莫兰和《进步》的几位编辑拒绝接受,因为这将束缚他们的言论自由,所以他们没有出席私下进行的听证会。他们的律师接受了审查,从而得以出席听证会,但他们被禁止将听证会上的任何信息透露给各自的客户。 之后的上诉过程中,政府一方的律师主动放弃了案件,因为相关信息已经在其他刊物上独立发表,案件已经没有实际意义,莫兰的文章也因此得以顺利发表。尽管在结论上有些举棋不定,但法律专业的学生仍然要学习和研究这一案件,法学院的这一课程设计“可能是用来检测有关(prior restraint)违宪性的极限”。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment
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- United States of America v. Progressive, Inc., Erwin Knoll, Samuel Day, Jr., and Howard Morland, 467 F. Supp. 990 (W.D. Wis. 1979), was a lawsuit brought against The Progressive magazine by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) in 1979. A temporary injunction was granted against The Progressive to prevent the publication of an article written by activist Howard Morland that purported to reveal the "secret" of the hydrogen bomb. Though the information had been compiled from publicly available sources, the DOE claimed that it fell under the "born secret" clause of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. (en)
- 美利坚合众国诉进步公司、欧文·诺尔、小塞缪尔·戴和霍华德·莫兰案(United States of America v. Progressive, Inc., Erwin Knoll, Samuel Day, Jr., and Howard Morland,467 F. Supp. 990 W.D. Wis. 1979)是1979年美國能源部控告《进步》(The Progressive)杂志的一起司法案件。法院当时颁布了一道临时禁制令来制止《进步》发表一篇由反核武积极分子(Howard Morland)撰写的文章,这篇文章声称要揭露氢弹的“秘密”。虽然文章中的信息都是搜集自公开来源,但美国能源部声称根据的条款,应该禁止这篇文章发表。 这个案件起初是在美国威斯康星西部联邦地区法院提起诉讼的,但由于法官本人因与该杂志社有私人往来而自行回避,案件因此转交东部地区法院的罗伯特·W·沃伦法官进行审理。考虑到庭审涉及信息的敏感性,法庭分别进行了两次独立的听证会,一次公开进行,另一次不公开。莫兰和《进步》的几位编辑拒绝接受,因为这将束缚他们的言论自由,所以他们没有出席私下进行的听证会。他们的律师接受了审查,从而得以出席听证会,但他们被禁止将听证会上的任何信息透露给各自的客户。 (zh)
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