An Entity of Type: Abstraction100002137, from Named Graph: http://dbpedia.org, within Data Space: dbpedia.org

Tone terracing is a type of phonetic downdrift, where the high or mid tones, but not the low tone, shift downward in pitch (downstep) after certain other tones. The result is that a tone may be realized at a certain pitch over a short stretch of speech shifts downward, then continues at its new level and then shifts downward again until the end of the prosodic contour is reached, at which point the pitch resets. A graph of the change in pitch over time of a particular tone resembles a terrace. Table 2. The phonetic terracing effect in Twi of an alternating series of high and mid tones.

Property Value
dbo:abstract
  • Tone terracing is a type of phonetic downdrift, where the high or mid tones, but not the low tone, shift downward in pitch (downstep) after certain other tones. The result is that a tone may be realized at a certain pitch over a short stretch of speech shifts downward, then continues at its new level and then shifts downward again until the end of the prosodic contour is reached, at which point the pitch resets. A graph of the change in pitch over time of a particular tone resembles a terrace. Since the pitch of the low tone remains more-or-less constant at the lower end of the speaker's vocal range, and the other tones shift downward, the difference in their pitches narrows, eventually obscuring the tones altogether. Pitch reset is then required if the tone system is to continue to function. Tone terracing is particularly common in the languages of West Africa, where typically only the low tone causes downstep. However, a somewhat more intricate system is found in the Twi language of Ghana. Twi has three phonemic tones: high, mid, and low. A word, and therefore a prosodic chunk of speech, may only start with a high tone or a low tone on its first syllable. As in many languages, a low tone starts out and remains at the bottom of the speaker's range. After a low tone, a subsequent high tone is downstepped. (A temporary exception occurs when a single low tone is found between two high tones. In this case the low tone is raised from its base value, but the second high tone is still downstepped, and subsequent low tones return to the base pitch.) However, a phonetic downstep occurs between any two adjacent mid tones as well. In fact, a high tone is defined as any tone that is at the same pitch as a preceding high or mid tone; a mid tone will always be lower in pitch than a preceding high or mid tone. The result is that every instance of a mid or low tone shifts the upper end of the pitch range downward, until all pitches are reset at the end of the prosodic melody. Table 1. The phonetic terracing effect in Twi of a series of mid tones. (Twi constrains the first tone to be either high or low.) Table 2. The phonetic terracing effect in Twi of an alternating series of high and mid tones. Table 3. The phonetic terracing effect in Twi of an alternating series of high and low tones. From tables 2 and 3, it can be imagined that the tone sequences high-low-high and high-mid-high may be difficult for a non-native speaker to distinguish. (en)
  • Каскад(ы) тонов, тональный каскад, англ. Tone terracing — тип фонетического смещения, при котором высокий или средний тон (но не низкий тон) смещается в нижний регистр после определённых тонов. В результате тон может быть реализован при определённой высоте в течение краткого промежутка речи, затем смещается вниз и продолжается на новом уровне, затем снова смещается вниз вплоть до конца "просодического контура" (фразы или другого законченного фрагмента речи, объединённого общей просодической картиной). Графическое отображение смещения тонов напоминает террасы в китайском террасном земледелии (отсюда англ. Tone terracing), или . Таблица 1. Эффект каскада тонов в языке чви: серия средних тонов (первый тон может быть только высоким или низким). Таблица 2. Эффект каскада тонов в языке чви в виде чередующихся серий высоких и средних тонов. Таблица 3. Эффект каскада тонов в языке чви в виде чередующихся серий высоких и низких тонов. Из таблиц 2 и 3 можно сделать вывод, что последовательности тонов высок.-низк.-высок. и высок.-сред.-высок. могут быть трудноразличимыми для человека, не являющегося носителем языка. (ru)
dbo:wikiPageID
  • 3203300 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageLength
  • 3705 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
  • 958482218 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dcterms:subject
gold:hypernym
rdf:type
rdfs:comment
  • Tone terracing is a type of phonetic downdrift, where the high or mid tones, but not the low tone, shift downward in pitch (downstep) after certain other tones. The result is that a tone may be realized at a certain pitch over a short stretch of speech shifts downward, then continues at its new level and then shifts downward again until the end of the prosodic contour is reached, at which point the pitch resets. A graph of the change in pitch over time of a particular tone resembles a terrace. Table 2. The phonetic terracing effect in Twi of an alternating series of high and mid tones. (en)
  • Каскад(ы) тонов, тональный каскад, англ. Tone terracing — тип фонетического смещения, при котором высокий или средний тон (но не низкий тон) смещается в нижний регистр после определённых тонов. В результате тон может быть реализован при определённой высоте в течение краткого промежутка речи, затем смещается вниз и продолжается на новом уровне, затем снова смещается вниз вплоть до конца "просодического контура" (фразы или другого законченного фрагмента речи, объединённого общей просодической картиной). Графическое отображение смещения тонов напоминает террасы в китайском террасном земледелии (отсюда англ. Tone terracing), или . (ru)
rdfs:label
  • Tone terracing (en)
  • Каскад тонов (ru)
owl:sameAs
prov:wasDerivedFrom
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of
is foaf:primaryTopic of
Powered by OpenLink Virtuoso    This material is Open Knowledge     W3C Semantic Web Technology     This material is Open Knowledge    Valid XHTML + RDFa
This content was extracted from Wikipedia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License