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- Dibao (Chinese: 邸報; pinyin: dǐbào; Wade–Giles: ti3-pao4), literally "reports from the [official] residences", were a type of publications issued by central and local governments in imperial China, which was the only official government newspaper published by the ancient Chinese central government in different dynasties. ‘Dibao’ is a general term to describe the ancient Chinese gazette. Historically, there were different types of names used to describe Dibao in different dynasties among the imperial Chinese history. While closest in form and function to gazettes in the Western world, they have also been called "palace reports" or "imperial bulletins". Different sources place Dibao's first publication as early as the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), which would make Dibao amongst the earliest newspapers in the world, or as late as the Tang Dynasty (June 18, 618–June 4, 907) according to the earliest verified and proved Dibao with historical relics. Dibao was continuously published among different imperial dynasties until the last imperial emperor in the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, abdicated in 1912. Dibao contained official political edicts, announcements, and news from the Chinese imperial central government or local governments, which would be delivered to inform both the central and local governments by messengers periodically and were intended to be seen only by bureaucrats (and a given dibao might only be intended for a certain subset of bureaucrats). Selected items from a gazette might then be conveyed to local citizenry by word of mouth and/or posted announcements. Frequency of publication varied widely over time and place. Before the invention of moveable type printing they were hand-written or printed with engraved wooden blocks. The introduction of European-style Chinese language newspapers, along with the growing intersection of Chinese and global affairs generally, applied pressure for the Dibao to adapt, and circulation of the Beijing Gazette was in the tens of thousands by the time publication ceased altogether with the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. The gazettes from Beijing at this time were known as Jingbao (京報), literally "reports from the capital". (en)
- Tipao (en chinois : 邸報, en pinyin : dǐ bào ; littéralement, « rapport de palais » ou « bulletin impérial ») a été l’une des premières gazettes publié par les administrations centrales et locales chinoises. Présent en Chine autour du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C. sous la Dynastie Han (206 av. J.-C. – 220 ap. J.-C.) et Dynastie Tang (18 juin 618 – 4 juin 907). Les journaux comportaient des annonces officielles et des nouvelles, et étaient destinées à être vu que par des bureaucrates. Les éléments sélectionnés à partir d’un bulletin pourrait alors être transmis aux citoyens locaux de bouche à oreille et / ou affiché sur des murs. La publication n’était pas très régulière dans le temps ou dans les lieux. L’introduction de style européen dans les journaux, les nouveaux journaux se créant comme la circulant à plus de dizaine de milliers d'exemplaires, ont conduit à la chute du journal Tipao sous l'empire Manchu en 1911. Les gazettes de Pékin à cette époque étaient connus comme Jing Bao (京报). (fr)
- Os tipao (chinês: 邸报 Pinyin: dǐ bào) eram informes do palácio ou boletins imperiais ou jornais publicado pelos governos centrais ou regionais da China. Diferentes fontes indicam que as primeiras publicações datam desde os primórdios da Dinastia Han (206 a.C. – 220 d.C.) ou até períodos posteriores como a Dinastia Tang (18 de junho de 618 a 4 de junho 907). Apresentavam notícias e anúncios oficiais e eram feitos para serem lidos somente por burocratas com mais estudo. Alguns tipaos, porém, eram destinados apenas para algumas categorias hierárquicas de burocrata. Alguns itens selecionados desses periódicos eram então divulgados aos cidadãos locais de forma oral ou mesmo afixados em certos locais para leitura. A frequência das publicações era bem variada conforme local e época. Antes da implementação da imprensa na China, os tipaos eram manuscritos ou mesmo impressos com blocos de tipos de madeira (como carimbos). Com a introdução de jornais no estilo europeu em língua chinesa, bem como a maior inter-relação de negócios dos chineses com o resto do mundo, os tipao precisaram se adaptar. A circulação da Gazeta de Beijing fez esse tipo de circulação de notícias ser cessado com a queda do Império Manchu em 1911. (pt)
- 邸报，又稱邸抄、邸鈔、朝報、條報、雜報，是用於通報的一種公告性新聞報紙，專門用於朝廷傳知朝政的文書和政治情報的新聞文抄，最早出现於中国的漢代。邸报的作用相當於現今的駐京新聞機構，是在中央政府中枢部门统一管理下发行，其重點在傳達朝政消息，凡天子詔敕、臣僚奏議以及有關官員任免調遷等，都是邸吏們所需收集抄錄的內容。 由於邸報最初是由朝廷內部傳抄，後遂張貼於宮門，公諸傳抄，“亦互相传报，使知朝政。”，故又稱宮門抄、轅門抄，實際上即為最早的一種新聞發布方式。 (zh)
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- 邸报，又稱邸抄、邸鈔、朝報、條報、雜報，是用於通報的一種公告性新聞報紙，專門用於朝廷傳知朝政的文書和政治情報的新聞文抄，最早出现於中国的漢代。邸报的作用相當於現今的駐京新聞機構，是在中央政府中枢部门统一管理下发行，其重點在傳達朝政消息，凡天子詔敕、臣僚奏議以及有關官員任免調遷等，都是邸吏們所需收集抄錄的內容。 由於邸報最初是由朝廷內部傳抄，後遂張貼於宮門，公諸傳抄，“亦互相传报，使知朝政。”，故又稱宮門抄、轅門抄，實際上即為最早的一種新聞發布方式。 (zh)
- Dibao (Chinese: 邸報; pinyin: dǐbào; Wade–Giles: ti3-pao4), literally "reports from the [official] residences", were a type of publications issued by central and local governments in imperial China, which was the only official government newspaper published by the ancient Chinese central government in different dynasties. ‘Dibao’ is a general term to describe the ancient Chinese gazette. Historically, there were different types of names used to describe Dibao in different dynasties among the imperial Chinese history. While closest in form and function to gazettes in the Western world, they have also been called "palace reports" or "imperial bulletins". Different sources place Dibao's first publication as early as the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), which would make Dibao amongst the earliest n (en)
- Tipao (en chinois : 邸報, en pinyin : dǐ bào ; littéralement, « rapport de palais » ou « bulletin impérial ») a été l’une des premières gazettes publié par les administrations centrales et locales chinoises. Présent en Chine autour du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C. sous la Dynastie Han (206 av. J.-C. – 220 ap. J.-C.) et Dynastie Tang (18 juin 618 – 4 juin 907). Les journaux comportaient des annonces officielles et des nouvelles, et étaient destinées à être vu que par des bureaucrates. Les éléments sélectionnés à partir d’un bulletin pourrait alors être transmis aux citoyens locaux de bouche à oreille et / ou affiché sur des murs. La publication n’était pas très régulière dans le temps ou dans les lieux. L’introduction de style européen dans les journaux, les nouveaux journaux se créant comme la circ (fr)
- Os tipao (chinês: 邸报 Pinyin: dǐ bào) eram informes do palácio ou boletins imperiais ou jornais publicado pelos governos centrais ou regionais da China. Diferentes fontes indicam que as primeiras publicações datam desde os primórdios da Dinastia Han (206 a.C. – 220 d.C.) ou até períodos posteriores como a Dinastia Tang (18 de junho de 618 a 4 de junho 907). Apresentavam notícias e anúncios oficiais e eram feitos para serem lidos somente por burocratas com mais estudo. Alguns tipaos, porém, eram destinados apenas para algumas categorias hierárquicas de burocrata. Alguns itens selecionados desses periódicos eram então divulgados aos cidadãos locais de forma oral ou mesmo afixados em certos locais para leitura. (pt)
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- Dibao (ancient Chinese gazette) (en)
- Tipao (fr)
- Tipao (pt)
- 邸报 (zh)
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