About: Tapere

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A Tapere or Sub-District is a low level of traditional land subdivision on five of the Southern Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu, and Mauke), comparable to the ahupua'a of the main Hawaiian Islands or to the of Pohnpei. Among the populated raised islands, only Mitiaro is not subdivided into tapere. The remaining Southern Cook Islands, Manuae, Palmerston and Takutea are atolls and/or uninhabited, and therefore not subject to this type of traditional subdivision. The atolls of the Northern Cook Islands are subdivided into motu (populated atoll islets), instead.

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  • A Tapere or Sub-District is a low level of traditional land subdivision on five of the Southern Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu, and Mauke), comparable to the ahupua'a of the main Hawaiian Islands or to the of Pohnpei. Among the populated raised islands, only Mitiaro is not subdivided into tapere. The remaining Southern Cook Islands, Manuae, Palmerston and Takutea are atolls and/or uninhabited, and therefore not subject to this type of traditional subdivision. The atolls of the Northern Cook Islands are subdivided into motu (populated atoll islets), instead. A tapere is a subdivision of a district (the major island subdivision) or puna, which is headed by a district chiefs or Pava (in the case of the Island of Mangaia). A tapere is normally headed by a mataiapo (a chief of a major lineage) or ariki (a High Chief, the titular head of a tribe). It is occupied by the matakeinanga, the local group composed of the residential core of a major lineage, plus affines and other permissive members. Most of the tapere lands are subdivided among the minor lineages, each of which was headed by a rangatira or kōmono, or by the mataiapo himself. Below that level, there is the uanga, the extended family, the residential core of which occupied a household. Historically, taperes were almost always wedge-shaped - the boundaries beginning at defined points on the outer reef and running inland to enclose an ever narrowing strip of land until converging at a point in or near the center of the island. By this type of delineation, any one tapere included every category of soil type and land surface of the island, from the typically mountainous interior, where forest products were collected, through fertile valleys where the major food crops were grown, across the rocky coastal strip of elevated fossil coral (makatea), out to the lagoon and fringing reef. (en)
  • Un tapere, parfois qualifié de sous-tribu et d'autres fois de sous-district, correspond à un découpage à la fois coutumier et foncier des îles Cook. Il se présente généralement comme une étroite bande de terre de quelques centaines de mètres de large, allant du centre de l'île jusqu'au littoral. Leur nombre varie selon les îles, de 5 et Atiu, 38 à Mangaia à 54 sur l'île de Rarotonga. À la tête de chaque tapere, on peut trouver selon les cas et pour simplifier des ou des . (fr)
  • Un tapere è un'unità amministrativa delle Isole Cook. Si tratta dell'unità amministrativa di terzo livello dopo all’isola (Outer Island) e al distretto. È infatti spesso definito come un sotto-distretto. Esso può corrispondere ad un villaggio o ad una parte di un grande villaggio. Si tratta di una suddivisione tradizionale delle Isole Cook Meridionali (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu, e Mauke). Tra le isole popolate, solo Mitiaro non è suddivisa in tapere. Le altre isole Meridionali, Manuae, Palmerston e Takutea sono atolli o terre disabitate, non soggette a questo tipo di divisione tradizionale. Gli atolli delle Isole Cook Settentrionali sono suddivisi invece in motu. Un tapere è una suddivisione di un distretto, detto anche puna, che è governato da un capo distretto o pava. Un tapere è normalmente guidato da un mataiapo (un capo di grande territorio) o da un ariki (un grande capo, capo tribù). Molti dei tapere sono a loro volta suddivisi in territori minori, ognuno dei quali è guidato da un rangatira o komono, o dal mataiapo stesso. Alcuni di questi territori minori sono a loro volta divisi in aree dette kiato, il cui capo è chiamato anch'egli kiato. Normalmente i kiato sono parenti stretti (figli o nipoti) dei relativi rangatira, anche se a volte questa regola non è rispettata, soprattutto in caso il kiato sia abitato da una popolazione immigrata. Sotto al livello del kiato vi è l’uanga, che corrisponde ad una famiglia allargata. Rarotonga ha più tapere di ogni altra isola, 54 in totale. (it)
  • Тапере (кукск. tapere) — на островах Кука небольшой участок земли, возглавляемый матаиапо (вождём главного рода) или (верховным вождём племени). В основном представлял собой кусок земли, тянущийся от центра острова до рифа и имевший ширину в несколько сотен метров. На каждом острове было разное число тапере, например, на островах Мангаиа и Атиу их было 6, на острове Раротонга — больше 40. Тапере в основном назывались в честь правящего матаиапо или события, которое связано с матаиапо. Например, тапере (кукск. Ngati Vaikai) назван в честь матаиапо . А тапере (кукск. Tikioki) был назван в честь события, связанного с матаиапо. Согласно местной легенде арики послал на остров Таити, чтобы тот привёз (кукск. tiki) оттуда сына Тангииа по имени Моторо, и он вернулся (кукск. oki) с ним на Раротонгу. Тереи успешно выполнил своё задание, и тапере была названа Tikioki (tiki + oki). Жители тапере назывались собирательно независимо от того, что их объединяло (родство по мужской линии, по браку и т.д.). На одном тапере проживало около 200 человек. (ru)
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  • Un tapere, parfois qualifié de sous-tribu et d'autres fois de sous-district, correspond à un découpage à la fois coutumier et foncier des îles Cook. Il se présente généralement comme une étroite bande de terre de quelques centaines de mètres de large, allant du centre de l'île jusqu'au littoral. Leur nombre varie selon les îles, de 5 et Atiu, 38 à Mangaia à 54 sur l'île de Rarotonga. À la tête de chaque tapere, on peut trouver selon les cas et pour simplifier des ou des . (fr)
  • A Tapere or Sub-District is a low level of traditional land subdivision on five of the Southern Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu, and Mauke), comparable to the ahupua'a of the main Hawaiian Islands or to the of Pohnpei. Among the populated raised islands, only Mitiaro is not subdivided into tapere. The remaining Southern Cook Islands, Manuae, Palmerston and Takutea are atolls and/or uninhabited, and therefore not subject to this type of traditional subdivision. The atolls of the Northern Cook Islands are subdivided into motu (populated atoll islets), instead. (en)
  • Un tapere è un'unità amministrativa delle Isole Cook. Si tratta dell'unità amministrativa di terzo livello dopo all’isola (Outer Island) e al distretto. È infatti spesso definito come un sotto-distretto. Esso può corrispondere ad un villaggio o ad una parte di un grande villaggio. Un tapere è una suddivisione di un distretto, detto anche puna, che è governato da un capo distretto o pava. Un tapere è normalmente guidato da un mataiapo (un capo di grande territorio) o da un ariki (un grande capo, capo tribù). Sotto al livello del kiato vi è l’uanga, che corrisponde ad una famiglia allargata. (it)
  • Тапере (кукск. tapere) — на островах Кука небольшой участок земли, возглавляемый матаиапо (вождём главного рода) или (верховным вождём племени). В основном представлял собой кусок земли, тянущийся от центра острова до рифа и имевший ширину в несколько сотен метров. На каждом острове было разное число тапере, например, на островах Мангаиа и Атиу их было 6, на острове Раротонга — больше 40. (ru)
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  • Tapere (fr)
  • Tapere (it)
  • Tapere (en)
  • Тапере (ru)
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