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- La mutinerie de Salerne est un épisode de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ayant impliqué environ 200 soldats britanniques qui, le 16 septembre 1943, ont refusé l'affectation à de nouvelles unités en remplacement lors des premières étapes de l'invasion alliée de l'Italie. (fr)
- The Salerno mutiny occurred during the Second World War and involved about 200 British soldiers who, on 16 September 1943, refused assignment to new units as replacements during the initial stages of the Allied invasion of Italy. About 1,500 men from the 50th (Northumbrian) and 51st (Highland) Infantry Divisions sailed from Tripoli, on the understanding that they were to join the rest of their units, at the time based in Sicily and soon to return to the United Kingdom in preparation for Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy. Both of these divisions had served as part of General Sir Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army, and were veterans of the North African campaign. Once aboard ship, the men were told that they were being taken to Salerno, Italy, to join the British 46th Infantry Division (Major-General John Hawkesworth) and 56th (London) Infantry Division (Major-General Douglas Graham), which had both suffered heavy losses. Both divisions were serving as part of Lieutenant-General Richard McCreery's British X Corps, which itself was fighting as part of Lieutenant General Mark Clark's U.S. Fifth Army. Many of the soldiers felt they had been deliberately misled. Matters were made worse by the complete lack of organisation when they reached Salerno, leaving them angry and frustrated. About one thousand of the men, who were fresh recruits, were taken off to join new units, leaving 500 veterans, 300 of whom were billeted in a nearby field. They were still there by 20 September, refusing postings to unfamiliar units. They were addressed by Lieutenant-General McCreery, the General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the British X Corps, who admitted that a mistake had been made, and promised that they would rejoin their old units once Salerno was secure. The men were also warned of the consequences of mutiny in wartime. Of the three hundred men in the field, 108 decided to follow orders, leaving a hard core of 192. They were all charged with mutiny under the Army Act. This was largest number of men accused of mutiny at any one time in all of British military history. The accused were shipped to French Algeria, where the courts-martial opened towards the end of October. All were found guilty, and three sergeants were sentenced to death. The sentences were subsequently commuted to 12 years of forced labour and eventually suspended. In the House of Commons debate held in March 2000 an official pardon was requested by Aberdeen, South MP Anne Begg claiming that those indicted were not refusing to fight but merely requesting a promise by higher command. However John Spellar the then Minister for the Armed Forces denied this request by indicating that however unfair the order to proceed to combat in other units seems, the refusal to do so in war time situations constitute a grave crime not to be pardoned. (en)
- Per ammutinamento di Salerno si intende la rivolta di circa 700 soldati del dell'esercito britannico, in maggioranza appartenenti alla 51st (Highland) Division e alla , avvenuta il 16 settembre del 1943 sulla spiaggia di Salerno, nell'ambito della campagna d'Italia della seconda guerra mondiale. I soldati, i cui reggimenti di appartenenza erano già stati trasferiti in Inghilterra per l'operazione Overlord, si ammutinarono perché non accettarono di servire in compagnie in cui erano considerati estranei e a tutti gli effetti, trattati come rimpiazzi, pertanto, soggetti a rischi maggiori. La maggior parte di loro era stata ferita nei combattimenti contro le truppe italo-tedesche dell'Afrikakorps e aveva compiuto la convalescenza in Africa. Essi vennero utilizzati per un pronto intervento a Salerno dove la situazione per gli Alleati stava divenendo di ora in ora sempre più critica a causa di feroci contrattacchi da parte dei tedeschi. Il trattamento loro riservato, secondo i capi della rivolta, tre sergenti, violava la regola non scritta vigente nell'esercito britannico che prevedeva la sostituzione di specialisti in una mansione con specialisti della stessa mansione, motivo secondo cui con tale metodo si rafforzava lo spirito di corpo. A domare l'ammutinamento fu lo stesso comandante del 10º corpo d'armata, generale Richard McCreery, che promise a tutti i rivoltosi di non ricorrere alla corte marziale se si fossero subito aggregati alle unità di destinazione: risposero positivamente in 500, gli altri, che non accettarono, vennero disarmati, arrestati e ricondotti in Africa per essere destinati a pesanti pene detentive. I tre sergenti furono condannati a morte, pena poi convertita in 12 anni di lavori forzati. (it)
- サレルノの反乱(されるののはんらん、英:Salerno Mutiny)は、1943年9月16日の連合国軍のイタリア上陸作戦中に発生した、の600人が、補充部隊として新たな部隊への配属を拒否した事件である。 反乱を起こした兵は、北アフリカの戦闘でのベテランを含んだ、との兵であった。彼らのうち約1500人はトリポリから海路で輸送された。兵たちは、自分たちがシチリア島を基地とする元の部隊に合流できるものと信じていた。しかし、乗船した後に、自分たちがサレルノに送られ、に合流し、のマーク・W・クラーク中将の配下で戦う命令を受けたことを知った。その時、ほとんどの兵士は自分たちが騙されたと感じた。 状況はサレルノに到着して更に悪化した。再編成の時間が不足し、兵士たちの中には怒りと不満が溜まっていった。ほとんどの兵士、約1000人の新兵は新たな部隊に合流したが、500人のベテランが残り、そのうち300人は近くの戦場に移動した。彼らは9月20日まで、あまり馴染みのない部隊への配属を拒否した。この間違いの元である第10軍の指揮官中将は、彼らの説得にかかった。彼は、サレルノを保持できるようになったら、旧部隊に合流させるという約束を行い、戦時中の反乱がどのような扱いとなるかの警告も行った。 戦場にいた300人の内、108人が命令に従うことを決心した。そして、192人の信念の固い人間が残った。彼ら全員は軍法により、反乱の責任を負うことになった。これにより、イギリスの歴史上、最大の人間が同時に軍法により裁かれることとなった。被告人はアルジェリアに送られ、軍法会議は10月の末に行われた。全員は、有罪となり、3人の軍曹は死刑を言い渡された。刑の執行は、その後保留となったが、彼らは残りの軍隊での生活において様々な嫌がらせを受けることになった。 (ja)
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- La mutinerie de Salerne est un épisode de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ayant impliqué environ 200 soldats britanniques qui, le 16 septembre 1943, ont refusé l'affectation à de nouvelles unités en remplacement lors des premières étapes de l'invasion alliée de l'Italie. (fr)
- The Salerno mutiny occurred during the Second World War and involved about 200 British soldiers who, on 16 September 1943, refused assignment to new units as replacements during the initial stages of the Allied invasion of Italy. (en)
- Per ammutinamento di Salerno si intende la rivolta di circa 700 soldati del dell'esercito britannico, in maggioranza appartenenti alla 51st (Highland) Division e alla , avvenuta il 16 settembre del 1943 sulla spiaggia di Salerno, nell'ambito della campagna d'Italia della seconda guerra mondiale. (it)
- サレルノの反乱(されるののはんらん、英:Salerno Mutiny)は、1943年9月16日の連合国軍のイタリア上陸作戦中に発生した、の600人が、補充部隊として新たな部隊への配属を拒否した事件である。 反乱を起こした兵は、北アフリカの戦闘でのベテランを含んだ、との兵であった。彼らのうち約1500人はトリポリから海路で輸送された。兵たちは、自分たちがシチリア島を基地とする元の部隊に合流できるものと信じていた。しかし、乗船した後に、自分たちがサレルノに送られ、に合流し、のマーク・W・クラーク中将の配下で戦う命令を受けたことを知った。その時、ほとんどの兵士は自分たちが騙されたと感じた。 状況はサレルノに到着して更に悪化した。再編成の時間が不足し、兵士たちの中には怒りと不満が溜まっていった。ほとんどの兵士、約1000人の新兵は新たな部隊に合流したが、500人のベテランが残り、そのうち300人は近くの戦場に移動した。彼らは9月20日まで、あまり馴染みのない部隊への配属を拒否した。この間違いの元である第10軍の指揮官中将は、彼らの説得にかかった。彼は、サレルノを保持できるようになったら、旧部隊に合流させるという約束を行い、戦時中の反乱がどのような扱いとなるかの警告も行った。 (ja)
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