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The Reference re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial Court (P.E.I.) [1997] 3 S.C.R. 3 is a leading opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada in response to a reference question regarding remuneration and the independence and impartiality of provincial court judges. Notably, the majority opinion found all judges are independent, not just superior court judges and inferior court judges concerned with criminal law, as the written constitution stipulates. Unwritten constitutional principles were relied upon to demonstrate this, indicating such principles were growing in importance in constitutional interpretation. The reference also remains one of the most definitive statements on the extent to which all judges in Canada are protected by the Constitution.

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  • The Reference re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial Court (P.E.I.) [1997] 3 S.C.R. 3 is a leading opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada in response to a reference question regarding remuneration and the independence and impartiality of provincial court judges. Notably, the majority opinion found all judges are independent, not just superior court judges and inferior court judges concerned with criminal law, as the written constitution stipulates. Unwritten constitutional principles were relied upon to demonstrate this, indicating such principles were growing in importance in constitutional interpretation. The reference also remains one of the most definitive statements on the extent to which all judges in Canada are protected by the Constitution. The majority opinion established that independent compensation commissions are required to help set salaries free of political manipulation. These commissions, described by the majority as "an institutional sieve" and by the dissent as "a virtual fourth branch of government", make recommendations that governments may deviate from only with rational explanations. However, the reference has been subject to harsh published criticisms. (en)
  • Le Renvoi relatif à la rémunération des juges de la Cour provinciale de l'Île‑du‑Prince‑Édouard est un avis important rendu par la Cour suprême du Canada en 1997 en réponse à une question de renvoi concernant la rémunération ainsi que l'indépendance et l'impartialité des juges des cours provinciales. L'avis des juges majoritaires est à l'effet que tous les juges sont indépendants, et non seulement les juges des cours supérieures et les juges pénalistes des cours inférieures, comme le dispose la Constitution écrite. Des principes constitutionnels non écrits sont invoqués pour le démontrer, indiquant que ces principes prenaient de l'importance dans l'interprétation constitutionnelle. Le renvoi demeure également l'une des déclarations les plus définitives sur la mesure dans laquelle tous les juges au Canada sont protégés par la Constitution. L'avis des juges majoritaires a établi que des commissions de rémunération indépendantes sont nécessaires pour aider à fixer les salaires à l'abri de toute manipulation politique. Ces commissions, décrites par la majorité comme un « crible institutionnel » et par la dissidence comme « un quatrième organe du gouvernement », font des recommandations dont les gouvernements ne peuvent s'écarter qu'avec des explications rationnelles. Cependant, la référence a fait l'objet de sévères critiques doctrinales. (fr)
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dbp:caseName
  • Reference re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial Court (en)
dbp:chiefJustice
  • Chief Justice Antonio Lamer (en)
dbp:citations
  • [1997] 3 S.C.R. 3; 1997 CanLII 317 ;, [1998] 156 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 1; , 150 D.L.R. 577; [1997] 10 W.W.R. 417. (en)
dbp:decidedDate
  • 1997-09-18 (xsd:date)
dbp:dissent
dbp:fullCaseName
  • Reference re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island; Reference re Independence and Impartiality of Judges of the Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island (en)
dbp:heardDate
  • 0001-12-03 (xsd:gMonthDay)
dbp:joinmajority
dbp:majority
  • Chief Justice Antonio Lamer (en)
dbp:puisneJustices
dbp:ruling
  • The independence and impartiality of the judiciary is protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (en)
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rdfs:comment
  • Le Renvoi relatif à la rémunération des juges de la Cour provinciale de l'Île‑du‑Prince‑Édouard est un avis important rendu par la Cour suprême du Canada en 1997 en réponse à une question de renvoi concernant la rémunération ainsi que l'indépendance et l'impartialité des juges des cours provinciales. (fr)
  • The Reference re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial Court (P.E.I.) [1997] 3 S.C.R. 3 is a leading opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada in response to a reference question regarding remuneration and the independence and impartiality of provincial court judges. Notably, the majority opinion found all judges are independent, not just superior court judges and inferior court judges concerned with criminal law, as the written constitution stipulates. Unwritten constitutional principles were relied upon to demonstrate this, indicating such principles were growing in importance in constitutional interpretation. The reference also remains one of the most definitive statements on the extent to which all judges in Canada are protected by the Constitution. (en)
rdfs:label
  • Renvoi relatif à la rémunération des juges de la Cour provinciale de l'Île‑du‑Prince‑Édouard (fr)
  • Reference re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial Court (en)
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