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- After victory in the Xinhai Revolution, the Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China, led by Sun Yat-sen, framed the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (simplified Chinese: 中华民国临时约法; traditional Chinese: 中華民國臨時約法; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó línshí yuēfǎ, 1912), which was an outline of basic regulations with the qualities of a formal constitution. On 11 March 1912, the Provisional Constitution replaced the previous organizational outline of the government, and came into effect as the supreme law. It was later replaced by a constitutional compact instituted by Yuan Shikai on 1 May 1914. However, it was restored once again on 29 June 1916, by President Li Yuanhong. The Constitutional Protection Movement launched by the Military Government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou on 10 September 1917, was intended to "protect" this provisional constitution. However, as the Warlord Era divided the country into warring factions, the provisional constitution was gradually superseded by the constitutions issued by each rival government. In the Beiyang Government, the provisional constitution was replaced by Cao Kun's constitution on 10 October 1923. In the Nanjing Government, the provisional constitution was not replaced until 1 June 1931, when the was announced, although the old constitution was already rarely discussed after the establishment of the Nationalist Government on 1 July 1925. From 1928 onwards, the Nationalists were operating under an Organic Law that had an ambiguous relationship with the 1931 Provisional Constitution as it was not completely superseded. The Constitution of the Republic of China superseded it in 1946, ending the . (en)
- Après la victoire de la révolution chinoise de 1911, le gouvernement provisoire de la république de Chine, dirigé par Sun Yat-sen, élabore la première constitution provisoire, dite Constitution de Nankin. Après l'abdication du dernier Empereur, une seconde Constitution provisoire de la république de Chine est promulguée le 11 mars 1912. Elle est en vigueur jusqu'au 10 octobre 1923, avec une interruption entre le 1er mai 1914 et le 29 juin 1917, période pendant laquelle elle est remplacée par une première « nouvelle Constitution provisoire », par Yuan Che-k'ai qui prend alors le contrôle du pays. (fr)
- 中華民国臨時約法（ちゅうかみんこくりんじやくほう、中華民國臨時約法）は、民国元年（1912年）に中華民国で公布・施行された憲法的性質の基本法。 (ja)
- Dopo la vittoria nella rivoluzione Xinhai, il Governo provvisorio della Repubblica di Cina di Nanchino, con a capo Sun Yat-sen, nel 1912, stilò una Costituzione provvisoria della Repubblica di Cina (中華民國臨時約法T, 中华民国临时约法S, Zhōnghuá Mínguó línshí yuēfǎP, che doveva essere la base di una formale costituzione. (it)
- 《中華民國臨時約法》，又名臨時約法、民元約法，是中華民國成立後所制定的第一部憲制性法律。在1912年（民國元年）3月8日由當時位於南京的臨時參議院通過，3月11日由臨時大總統孫文（孫中山）公布施行。《臨時約法》在袁世凱就任臨時大總統後生效，取代《中華民國臨時政府組織大綱》成為中華民國臨時政府與後繼北洋政府早期的根本性法律。《臨時約法》施行後於因為各派軍閥對約法的態度不一，引發諸多存廢爭議，直到1928年（民國17年）中國國民黨的國民革命軍北伐完成，國民政府統一中國後才完全退出歷史舞台。 (zh)
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- Après la victoire de la révolution chinoise de 1911, le gouvernement provisoire de la république de Chine, dirigé par Sun Yat-sen, élabore la première constitution provisoire, dite Constitution de Nankin. Après l'abdication du dernier Empereur, une seconde Constitution provisoire de la république de Chine est promulguée le 11 mars 1912. Elle est en vigueur jusqu'au 10 octobre 1923, avec une interruption entre le 1er mai 1914 et le 29 juin 1917, période pendant laquelle elle est remplacée par une première « nouvelle Constitution provisoire », par Yuan Che-k'ai qui prend alors le contrôle du pays. (fr)
- 中華民国臨時約法（ちゅうかみんこくりんじやくほう、中華民國臨時約法）は、民国元年（1912年）に中華民国で公布・施行された憲法的性質の基本法。 (ja)
- Dopo la vittoria nella rivoluzione Xinhai, il Governo provvisorio della Repubblica di Cina di Nanchino, con a capo Sun Yat-sen, nel 1912, stilò una Costituzione provvisoria della Repubblica di Cina (中華民國臨時約法T, 中华民国临时约法S, Zhōnghuá Mínguó línshí yuēfǎP, che doveva essere la base di una formale costituzione. (it)
- 《中華民國臨時約法》，又名臨時約法、民元約法，是中華民國成立後所制定的第一部憲制性法律。在1912年（民國元年）3月8日由當時位於南京的臨時參議院通過，3月11日由臨時大總統孫文（孫中山）公布施行。《臨時約法》在袁世凱就任臨時大總統後生效，取代《中華民國臨時政府組織大綱》成為中華民國臨時政府與後繼北洋政府早期的根本性法律。《臨時約法》施行後於因為各派軍閥對約法的態度不一，引發諸多存廢爭議，直到1928年（民國17年）中國國民黨的國民革命軍北伐完成，國民政府統一中國後才完全退出歷史舞台。 (zh)
- After victory in the Xinhai Revolution, the Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China, led by Sun Yat-sen, framed the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China (simplified Chinese: 中华民国临时约法; traditional Chinese: 中華民國臨時約法; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó línshí yuēfǎ, 1912), which was an outline of basic regulations with the qualities of a formal constitution. The Constitution of the Republic of China superseded it in 1946, ending the . (en)
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