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Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) is a functional analog of ubiquitin found in the prokaryote Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Like ubiquitin, Pup serves to direct proteins to the proteasome for degradation in the Pup-proteasome system (PPS). However, the enzymology of ubiquitylation and pupylation is different, owing to their distinct evolutionary origins. In contrast to the three-step reaction of ubiquitylation, pupylation requires only two steps, and thus only two enzymes are involved in pupylation. The enzymes involved in pupylation are descended from glutamine synthetase.

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dbo:abstract
  • Das prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein (zu deutsch etwa ‚prokaryotisches ubiquitin-artiges Protein‘, Pup) ist ein kleines zumeist unstrukturiertes Protein mit einer ähnlichen Funktion wie Ubiquitin. Im Gegensatz zu Ubiquitin kommt Pup nur in Prokaryoten und hier hauptsächlich in Actinobakterien wie Mycobacterium tuberculosis vor. Genau wie Ubiquitin wird auch Pup als post-translationale Modifikation spezifisch an Lysin eines Proteins ligiert, wobei allerdings nur zwei Enzyme, und , benötigt werden. In einem ersten Schritt wird durch die Deamidase Dop das C-terminale Glutamin in eine Glutaminsäure umgewandelt, um Pup in ein Substrat für das zweite Enzym, PafA, zu aktivieren. PafA etabliert im Anschluss ATP-abhängig eine Isopeptidbindung zwischen Pup und einem Substrat-Lysin. Der Vorgang wird als Pupylierung bezeichnet. Pupylierte Substrate werden durch die mycobakterielle proteasomale ATPase gebunden, indem Pup eine bindungs-induzierte α-Helix ausbildet. Mpa führt dann das Pup-markierte Protein dem 20S Core-Partikel zu, wodurch das Substrat abgebaut wird.Das Zusammenspiel von Pup, den beiden Enzymen Dop und PafA, sowie der Protease wird auch als (PPS) bezeichnet. (de)
  • Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) is a functional analog of ubiquitin found in the prokaryote Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Like ubiquitin, Pup serves to direct proteins to the proteasome for degradation in the Pup-proteasome system (PPS). However, the enzymology of ubiquitylation and pupylation is different, owing to their distinct evolutionary origins. In contrast to the three-step reaction of ubiquitylation, pupylation requires only two steps, and thus only two enzymes are involved in pupylation. The enzymes involved in pupylation are descended from glutamine synthetase. Similar to ubiquitin, Pup is attached to specific lysine residues of substrate proteins by isopeptide bonds; this is called pupylation. It is then recognized by the protein Mycobacterium proteasomal ATPase (Mpa), in a mechanism that induces folding of Pup. Mpa delivers the substrate protein to the proteasome for degradation by coupling of ATP hydrolysis. The discovery of Pup indicates that like eukaryotes, bacteria may use a small-protein modifier to control protein stability. The Pup gene encodes a 64–amino acid protein with a molecular size of about 6.9 kDa. Pup is an intrinsically disordered protein. In 2010, scientists at the Brookhaven National Laboratory determined the X-ray crystal structure of the complex between Pup and its delivery enzyme Mpa 3M9D​ and found that Pup binding to Mpa induces the folding of a unique alpha-helix. In 2017, the presence of Pup homologs in bacterial species outside of the group of gram-positive bacteria was reported. The Pup homologs were termed UBact (for Ubiquitin Bacterial), although the distinction has not been proven to be phylogenetically supported by a separate evolutionary origin and is without experimental evidence. UBact is a homolog of Pup, and is found in several phyla of gram-negative bacteria (Pup is found predominantly in the gram-positive bacterial phylum Actinomycetota). (en)
dbo:symbol
  • Pup
  • UBact
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  • 35172684 (xsd:integer)
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  • 16800 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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dbp:caption
  • Three Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like proteins bound to proteasomal ATPase Mpa (en)
dbp:entrezgene
  • EU914921 (en)
dbp:interpro
  • IPR008515 (en)
  • IPR037543 (en)
dbp:name
  • Pup-like protein family (en)
dbp:pdb
  • , (en)
dbp:pfam
  • PF05639 (en)
dbp:symbol
  • Pup (en)
  • UBact (en)
dbp:width
  • 250 (xsd:integer)
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rdfs:comment
  • Das prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein (zu deutsch etwa ‚prokaryotisches ubiquitin-artiges Protein‘, Pup) ist ein kleines zumeist unstrukturiertes Protein mit einer ähnlichen Funktion wie Ubiquitin. Im Gegensatz zu Ubiquitin kommt Pup nur in Prokaryoten und hier hauptsächlich in Actinobakterien wie Mycobacterium tuberculosis vor. Genau wie Ubiquitin wird auch Pup als post-translationale Modifikation spezifisch an Lysin eines Proteins ligiert, wobei allerdings nur zwei Enzyme, und , benötigt werden. In einem ersten Schritt wird durch die Deamidase Dop das C-terminale Glutamin in eine Glutaminsäure umgewandelt, um Pup in ein Substrat für das zweite Enzym, PafA, zu aktivieren. PafA etabliert im Anschluss ATP-abhängig eine Isopeptidbindung zwischen Pup und einem Substrat-Lysin. Der Vorgang wi (de)
  • Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) is a functional analog of ubiquitin found in the prokaryote Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Like ubiquitin, Pup serves to direct proteins to the proteasome for degradation in the Pup-proteasome system (PPS). However, the enzymology of ubiquitylation and pupylation is different, owing to their distinct evolutionary origins. In contrast to the three-step reaction of ubiquitylation, pupylation requires only two steps, and thus only two enzymes are involved in pupylation. The enzymes involved in pupylation are descended from glutamine synthetase. (en)
rdfs:label
  • Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein (de)
  • Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (en)
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