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- A preman is a member of an Indonesian organized gang, encompassing street level criminals up through crime bosses. Premans are often perceived negatively throughout Indonesian society due to associations with violence and criminality. This root word is derived from a term which describes the "confluence of state power and criminality". However, organized crime in Indonesia has a more enduring and complicated history, as the confluence of crime syndicates with perceived legitimate political authority has a history extending as far back as the Mataram Kingdom. While associated with brigandage and theft, Indonesian crime syndicates have periodically acted as enforcers to maintain authority and order. The roles of the jago or jawara were particularly important during the Indonesian Revolution, as they often adopted political roles that helped consolidating the power of local authorities. Despite their significance to Indonesian history, syndicates are universally marginalized due to associations with violence and social illegitimacy. (en)
- Premanisme (berasal dari kata bahasa Belanda vrijman = orang bebas, merdeka dan isme = aliran) adalah sebutan peyoratif yang sering digunakan untuk merujuk kepada kegiatan sekelompok orang yang mendapatkan penghasilannya terutama dari pemerasan kelompok masyarakat lain. Preman juga dapat disebut gangster jika dalam aktivitasnya dilakukan secara berkelompok atau terafiliasi dengan suatu geng atau organisasi kriminal. (in)
- Преманы (индон. Preman), также джаго (индон. jago) — члены индонезийских криминальных сообществ гангстерского типа. Занимаются охраной и иным силовым сопровождением бизнеса, а также разными видами преступной деятельности, преимущественно рэкетом. Представляют собой социальную группу и автономную субкультуру оргпреступности. Традиционно активны в политической жизни, занимают обычно праворадикальные националистические позиции. (ru)
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- Those who have become the henchman of the Nica and the Nica-appointed lurahs and their deputies must be killed also those sons of Indonesia who serve in the Dutch forces and the police. (en)
- Once free, always free!!! (en)
- Remember, bung! (en)
- Take care, bung [brother]! (en)
- Remember, sons of Indonesia, that the Dutch are your enemies. (en)
- You may have received high positions, you may have been appointed camat or bupati, but you will not feel at ease! (en)
- "That's life in Jakarta, if you don't step on someone you will get stepped on. On my own, I'll just end up being a victim, but together, we are a force to be reckoned with" (en)
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- Alias, the Thunderbold (en)
- —Interview with FBR member, Jakarta 2008 (en)
- —The Tiger of Jakarta, the Broom of the World (en)
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- Premanisme (berasal dari kata bahasa Belanda vrijman = orang bebas, merdeka dan isme = aliran) adalah sebutan peyoratif yang sering digunakan untuk merujuk kepada kegiatan sekelompok orang yang mendapatkan penghasilannya terutama dari pemerasan kelompok masyarakat lain. Preman juga dapat disebut gangster jika dalam aktivitasnya dilakukan secara berkelompok atau terafiliasi dengan suatu geng atau organisasi kriminal. (in)
- Преманы (индон. Preman), также джаго (индон. jago) — члены индонезийских криминальных сообществ гангстерского типа. Занимаются охраной и иным силовым сопровождением бизнеса, а также разными видами преступной деятельности, преимущественно рэкетом. Представляют собой социальную группу и автономную субкультуру оргпреступности. Традиционно активны в политической жизни, занимают обычно праворадикальные националистические позиции. (ru)
- A preman is a member of an Indonesian organized gang, encompassing street level criminals up through crime bosses. Premans are often perceived negatively throughout Indonesian society due to associations with violence and criminality. This root word is derived from a term which describes the "confluence of state power and criminality". However, organized crime in Indonesia has a more enduring and complicated history, as the confluence of crime syndicates with perceived legitimate political authority has a history extending as far back as the Mataram Kingdom. While associated with brigandage and theft, Indonesian crime syndicates have periodically acted as enforcers to maintain authority and order. The roles of the jago or jawara were particularly important during the Indonesian Revolution, (en)
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- Premanisme (in)
- Preman (Indonesian gangster) (en)
- Преманы (Индонезия) (ru)
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