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A plantation complex in the Southern United States is the built environment (or complex) that was common on agricultural plantations in the American South from the 17th into the 20th century. The complex included everything from the main residence down to the pens for livestock. Until the abolition of slavery, such plantations were generally self-sufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of enslaved people.

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  • A plantation complex in the Southern United States is the built environment (or complex) that was common on agricultural plantations in the American South from the 17th into the 20th century. The complex included everything from the main residence down to the pens for livestock. Until the abolition of slavery, such plantations were generally self-sufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of enslaved people. Plantations are an important aspect of the history of the Southern United States, particularly the antebellum era (pre-American Civil War). The mild temperate climate, plentiful rainfall, and fertile soils of the southeastern United States allowed the flourishing of large plantations, where large numbers of enslaved Africans or African Americans were held captive and forced to produce crops to create wealth for a white elite. Today, as was also true in the past, there is a wide range of opinion as to what differentiated a plantation from a farm. Typically, the focus of a farm was subsistence agriculture. In contrast, the primary focus of a plantation was the production of cash crops, with enough staple food crops produced to feed the population of the estate and the livestock. A common definition of what constituted a plantation is that it typically had 500 to 1,000 acres (2.0 to 4.0 km2) or more of land and produced one or two cash crops for sale. Other scholars have attempted to define it by the number of enslaved persons. (en)
  • Gli edifici delle piantagioni degli Stati Uniti sono quel complesso o insieme di edifici tipici nelle piantagioni degli Stati Uniti tra il XVII e il XX secolo, in particolare in quelle degli Stati Uniti del Sud. Una piantagione includeva ogni genere di edificio o spazio funzionale alla piantagione stessa, dal recinto per il bestiame sino alle case di residenza degli schiavi e quella padronale. Col termine di piantagione, almeno originariamente, si denotava un insediamento dove un gruppo di coloni "piantava" delle piante e stabiliva una propria base coloniale. A differenza del Nord America, dove le piantagioni erano sensibilmente meno diffuse, gli Stati del Sud furono particolarmente prolifici in questo senso e qui le piantagioni erano generalmente insediamenti autosufficienti che sfruttavano il lavoro forzoso degli schiavi, un sistema simile al sistema delle corti rurali medievali che sfruttavano la servitù della gleba. Ancora oggi gli storici del settore sono dibattuti su quali siano le differenze che contraddistinguono una piantagione da una fattoria, ma in generale si tende a definire una fattoria un centro agricolo che produce agricoltura di sussistenza. Per contrasto, invece, l'obbiettivo primario di una piantagione è quello di produrre , che comprenda anche gli alimenti base per sostenere chi vi lavora all'interno e il bestiame in essa allevato. Secondo una definizione comune, una piantagione deve superare i 2 km² di terreno per poter essere definita tale e produrre almeno il doppio di quanto consumato dalla piantagione stessa per la sua sussistenza. Altri studiosi hanno tentato di definirla in base al numero di schiavi impiegati in essa. (it)
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  • Frederick Law Olmsted (en)
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  • A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States (en)
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  • In the afternoon, I left the main road, and, towards night, reached a much more cultivated district. The forest of pines extended uninterruptedly on one side of the way, but on the other was a continued succession of very large fields, or rich dark soil – evidently reclaimed swamp-land – which had been cultivated the previous year, in Sea Island cotton, or maize. Beyond them, a flat surface of still lower land, with a silver thread of water curling through it, extended, Holland-like, to the horizon. Usually at as great a distance as a quarter of a mile from the road, and from a half mile to a mile apart, were the residences of the planters – large white houses, with groves of evergreen trees about them; and between these and the road were little villages of slave-cabins ... The cottages were framed buildings, boarded on the outside, with shingle roofs and brick chimneys; they stood fifty feet apart, with gardens and pig-yards ... At the head of the settlement, in a garden looking down the street, was an overseer's house, and here the road divided, running each way at right angles; on one side to barns and a landing on the river, on the other toward the mansion ... (en)
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  • A plantation complex in the Southern United States is the built environment (or complex) that was common on agricultural plantations in the American South from the 17th into the 20th century. The complex included everything from the main residence down to the pens for livestock. Until the abolition of slavery, such plantations were generally self-sufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of enslaved people. (en)
  • Gli edifici delle piantagioni degli Stati Uniti sono quel complesso o insieme di edifici tipici nelle piantagioni degli Stati Uniti tra il XVII e il XX secolo, in particolare in quelle degli Stati Uniti del Sud. Una piantagione includeva ogni genere di edificio o spazio funzionale alla piantagione stessa, dal recinto per il bestiame sino alle case di residenza degli schiavi e quella padronale. Col termine di piantagione, almeno originariamente, si denotava un insediamento dove un gruppo di coloni "piantava" delle piante e stabiliva una propria base coloniale. A differenza del Nord America, dove le piantagioni erano sensibilmente meno diffuse, gli Stati del Sud furono particolarmente prolifici in questo senso e qui le piantagioni erano generalmente insediamenti autosufficienti che sfruttava (it)
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  • Edifici delle piantagioni degli Stati Uniti (it)
  • Plantation complexes in the Southern United States (en)
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