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Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence perpetrated for political ends in relation to the State of Palestine or in connection with Palestinian nationalism. Common political objectives include self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine, or the "liberation of Palestine" and recognition of a Palestinian state, either in place of both Israel and the Palestinian territories, or solely in the Palestinian territories. More limited goals include the release of Palestinian prisoners or the Palestinian right of return. Other motivations include personal grievances, trauma or revenge.

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  • المقاومة الفلسطينية هو مصطلح يشير إلى الحراك والسياسات والدعوات والعمليات التي تدعو أو تدعم مقاومة الاحتلال والاضطهاد والاستعمار الصهيوني للفلسطينيين والأرض الفلسطينية وتسعى لرفعه، يستخدم المصطلح لوصف تحركات فلسطينية متنوعة تترواح بين المقاومة المدنية، الشعبية والمسلحة. ويستخدم المصطلح للإشارة إلى الفترة بين بدء الاحتلال البريطاني لفلسطين عام 1918 وحتى اليوم، من أبرزها ثورة 1936 وإعلان الإضراب العام الكبير، وبعد عام 1948 وسحق المقاومة وتهجير السكان، بدأت تظهر فصائل فلسطينية ذات طابع سياسي، وبدأت تستخدم مصطلح الكفاح المسلح للإشارة إلى أشكال المقاومة المسلحة. يستخدم مصطلح «المقاومة الفلسطينية» على مستوى دولي، واستخدم مصطلح المقاومة في الخطاب الفلسطيني من قبل منظمة التحرير. أصبح مصطلح المقاومة جزء من هوية الفصائل الفلسطينية حتى أنه أصبح جزء من اسمها مثل حركة المقاومة الإسلامية (حماس) عام 1987. (ar)
  • Le terrorisme palestinien fait référence aux actes de terrorisme perpétrés par des individus ou des organisations palestiniennes, principalement dans le cadre du conflit israélo-palestinien, du nationalisme palestinien et de l'islamisme. Dans le cas palestinien, le terrorisme d'inspiration idéologique/politique des années 1960-1970, tend vers un terrorisme d'inspiration religieuse, avec l'émergence de groupes islamistes. (fr)
  • Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence perpetrated for political ends in relation to the State of Palestine or in connection with Palestinian nationalism. Common political objectives include self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine, or the "liberation of Palestine" and recognition of a Palestinian state, either in place of both Israel and the Palestinian territories, or solely in the Palestinian territories. More limited goals include the release of Palestinian prisoners or the Palestinian right of return. Other motivations include personal grievances, trauma or revenge. Palestinian groups that have been involved in politically motivated violence include the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), Fatah, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC), the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Abu Nidal Organization, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Hamas. The PLO officially renounced terrorism in 1988, and Fatah says it no longer engages in terrorism, although the Authority continues to provide stipends to the families of Palestinians killed or arrested by Israel through the Palestinian Authority Martyr's Fund, payouts that according to the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs take up 7% of the Authority's national budget. Several of these groups are considered terrorist organizations by the United States government, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, New Zealand and the European Union. Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Egyptians, Americans and citizens of other countries. Attacks have taken place both within Israel and the Palestinian territories as well as internationally and have been directed at both military and civilian targets. Tactics have included hostage taking, plane hijacking, boat hijacking, stone and improvised weapon throwing, Improvised explosive device (IED), knife attack, shooting spree, vehicle-ramming attack, car bomb, suicide attack, assassination and various bombings. Israeli statistics state that 3,500 Israelis have been killed and 25,000 have been wounded as a result of terrorism since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. Israeli statistics listing 'hostile terrorist attacks' also include incidents in which stones are used as weapons and include those killed in exchanges of gunfire. Suicide bombings constituted 0.5% of Palestinian attacks against Israelis in the first two years of the Al Aqsa Intifada, though this percentage accounted for half of the Israelis killed in that period. As of 2022, a majority of Palestinians, 59%, believe armed attacks against Israelis inside Israel are an effective measure to end the occupation, with 56% supporting them. (en)
  • Kekerasan politik Palestina merujuk kepada tindak kekerasan atau teror yang dimotivasi oleh nasionalisme Palestina. Tujuan-tujuan politik tersebut meliputi hak menentukan nasib sendiri dan kedaulatan atas Palestina, "pembebasan Palestina" dan pengakuan negara Palestina, baik di Israel maupun . Secara periodik ditujukan langsung kepada tujuan-tujuan yang lebih terbatas seperti pembebasan para tahanan Palestina di Israel, tujuan utama lainnya adalah untuk memajukan . (in)
  • Gli atti di terrorismo perpetrati da individui o organizzazioni palestinesi avvengono principalmente nel quadro del conflitto israelo-palestinese, del nazionalismo palestinese e dell'islamismo. Storicamente, fin dal 1919 dei gruppi palestinesi locali hanno attaccato la popolazione ebraica afferente allo Yishuv, in opposizione alle aspirazioni del sionismo di costituire un "focolare ebraico" nel Mandato britannico della Palestina. Dopo la costituzione dello Stato di Israele, gli attentati terroristici sono stati condotti nell'ambito del più ampio conflitto arabo-israeliano. Solo a metà degli anni sessanta del XX secolo, con la fondazione dell'Organizzazione per la Liberazione della Palestina (OLP), gli attacchi divennero finalizzati alla lotta per la "liberazione della Palestina" e alla creazione di uno Stato palestinese. Il terrorismo palestinese iniziò a fare notizia sui media occidentali solo verso la fine del decennio con il cosiddetto "Settembre nero", proseguendo poi per tutti gli anni settanta ed ottanta con dirottamenti aerei, attacchi con bombe e prese d'ostaggio. Alcune delle azioni più eclatanti condotte da organizzazioni terroristiche palestinesi in questi anni furono l'irruzione ai Giochi olimpici di Monaco di Baviera del 1972 (finita con il rapimento e l'uccisione di 11 fra atleti e preparatori israeliani), l'attentato all'aeroporto di Fiumicino del 1973 (34 morti e 15 feriti), il dirottamento del volo Air France 139 condotto nel 1976 e il dirottamento della nave da crociera Achille Lauro del 1985. Altro attacco terroristico fu l'attentato congiunto agli aeroporti di Roma-Fiumicino e di Vienna del 27 dicembre 1985 (19 morti e 138 feriti). In seguito allo scoppio della Prima intifada (1987-1993), assieme a pacifici atti di disobbedienza civile, si assistette a lanci di pietre e di bombe molotov e aggressioni con il coltello verso obiettivi tanto militari, quanto civili. Nel 1994, dopo i colloqui di pace che portarono agli Accordi di Oslo, Fatah e altre fazioni facenti capo all'OLP annunciarono la loro rinuncia alle azioni violente. Tuttavia, altre formazioni più radicali come Hamas scelsero di continuare a perseguire la violenza. Dopo lo scoppio della Seconda intifada (2000), le tattiche terroristiche palestinesi iniziarono a contemplare anche l'uso di attentati suicidi. Con il disimpegno unilaterale israeliano da Gaza e il successivo conflitto armato fra Fatah e Hamas del 2005, si è assistito a un'impennata di attacchi con razzi Qassam - in particolare lanciati da Hamas verso le città al confine con la Striscia di Gaza - e di rapimenti di soldati israeliani. (it)
  • O termo violência politica palestina refere-se aos atos de violência realizados em prol da . Estes objetivos políticos incluem a autodeterminação e a soberania sobre a Palestina, a liberação daquele território e a criação de um Estado palestino, seja ele no lugar de Israel e dos territórios palestinos, ou apenas nestes últimos. Dirigido periodicamente a metas mais limitadas, como a libertação de , uma meta importante desta violência visa a aplicação do direito de retorno dos refugiados palestinos. Grupos palestinos envolvidos em atos de violência com motivações políticas incluem o Hamas, a Organização para a Libertação da Palestina (OLP), a Jihad Islâmica Palestina, o Fatah, a Frente Popular para a Libertação da Palestina (FPLP), a Frente Popular para a Libertação da Palestina - Comando Geral (FPLP-CG), a Frente Democrática para a Libertação da Palestina, e a Organização Abu Nidal. Entre as táticas adotadas estão sequestros de aviões, tiroteios, atentados e apedrejamentos. A terrorismo palestino teve como alvo israelenses, palestinos, libaneses, jordanos, egípcios, e cidadãos de diversos outros países. Os atos de terror dentro e fora de Israel, e foram direcionados tanto a alvos civis quanto militares. Estatísticas israelenses afirmam que 3 500 cidadãos daquele país e 25 000 teriam sido feridos como resultado de atos de terror cometidos por palestinos desde a criação do Estado de Israel, em 1948. Estes números incluem soldados e civis, incluindo aqueles que foram vitimados em trocas de tiro entre ambos os lados. (pt)
  • Палестинский терроризм — терроризм палестинских арабов, направленный в первую очередь против Израиля, евреев, а также нерадикальных палестинцев, ливанцев, иорданцев, египтян, американцев и граждан других стран. (ru)
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  • Le terrorisme palestinien fait référence aux actes de terrorisme perpétrés par des individus ou des organisations palestiniennes, principalement dans le cadre du conflit israélo-palestinien, du nationalisme palestinien et de l'islamisme. Dans le cas palestinien, le terrorisme d'inspiration idéologique/politique des années 1960-1970, tend vers un terrorisme d'inspiration religieuse, avec l'émergence de groupes islamistes. (fr)
  • Kekerasan politik Palestina merujuk kepada tindak kekerasan atau teror yang dimotivasi oleh nasionalisme Palestina. Tujuan-tujuan politik tersebut meliputi hak menentukan nasib sendiri dan kedaulatan atas Palestina, "pembebasan Palestina" dan pengakuan negara Palestina, baik di Israel maupun . Secara periodik ditujukan langsung kepada tujuan-tujuan yang lebih terbatas seperti pembebasan para tahanan Palestina di Israel, tujuan utama lainnya adalah untuk memajukan . (in)
  • Палестинский терроризм — терроризм палестинских арабов, направленный в первую очередь против Израиля, евреев, а также нерадикальных палестинцев, ливанцев, иорданцев, египтян, американцев и граждан других стран. (ru)
  • المقاومة الفلسطينية هو مصطلح يشير إلى الحراك والسياسات والدعوات والعمليات التي تدعو أو تدعم مقاومة الاحتلال والاضطهاد والاستعمار الصهيوني للفلسطينيين والأرض الفلسطينية وتسعى لرفعه، يستخدم المصطلح لوصف تحركات فلسطينية متنوعة تترواح بين المقاومة المدنية، الشعبية والمسلحة. ويستخدم المصطلح للإشارة إلى الفترة بين بدء الاحتلال البريطاني لفلسطين عام 1918 وحتى اليوم، من أبرزها ثورة 1936 وإعلان الإضراب العام الكبير، وبعد عام 1948 وسحق المقاومة وتهجير السكان، بدأت تظهر فصائل فلسطينية ذات طابع سياسي، وبدأت تستخدم مصطلح الكفاح المسلح للإشارة إلى أشكال المقاومة المسلحة. يستخدم مصطلح «المقاومة الفلسطينية» على مستوى دولي، واستخدم مصطلح المقاومة في الخطاب الفلسطيني من قبل منظمة التحرير. أصبح مصطلح المقاومة جزء من هوية الفصائل الفلسطينية حتى أنه أصبح جزء من اسمها مثل حركة المقاومة الإسلامية (حماس) عام 1987 (ar)
  • Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence perpetrated for political ends in relation to the State of Palestine or in connection with Palestinian nationalism. Common political objectives include self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine, or the "liberation of Palestine" and recognition of a Palestinian state, either in place of both Israel and the Palestinian territories, or solely in the Palestinian territories. More limited goals include the release of Palestinian prisoners or the Palestinian right of return. Other motivations include personal grievances, trauma or revenge. (en)
  • Gli atti di terrorismo perpetrati da individui o organizzazioni palestinesi avvengono principalmente nel quadro del conflitto israelo-palestinese, del nazionalismo palestinese e dell'islamismo. Storicamente, fin dal 1919 dei gruppi palestinesi locali hanno attaccato la popolazione ebraica afferente allo Yishuv, in opposizione alle aspirazioni del sionismo di costituire un "focolare ebraico" nel Mandato britannico della Palestina. Dopo la costituzione dello Stato di Israele, gli attentati terroristici sono stati condotti nell'ambito del più ampio conflitto arabo-israeliano. (it)
  • O termo violência politica palestina refere-se aos atos de violência realizados em prol da . Estes objetivos políticos incluem a autodeterminação e a soberania sobre a Palestina, a liberação daquele território e a criação de um Estado palestino, seja ele no lugar de Israel e dos territórios palestinos, ou apenas nestes últimos. Dirigido periodicamente a metas mais limitadas, como a libertação de , uma meta importante desta violência visa a aplicação do direito de retorno dos refugiados palestinos. (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Palestinian political violence (en)
  • المقاومة الفلسطينية (ar)
  • Kekerasan politik Palestina (in)
  • Terrorisme palestinien (fr)
  • Terrorismo palestinese (it)
  • Violência política palestina (pt)
  • Палестинский терроризм (ru)
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