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Octave Crémazie (April 16, 1827 – January 16, 1879) was a French Canadian poet and bookseller born in Quebec City. Recognized both during and after his lifetime for his patriotic verse and his significant role in the cultural development of Quebec, Crémazie has been called "the father of French Canadian poetry." While still in his early twenties, Crémazie helped found the Institut canadien, an organization devoted to the promotion of French Canadian culture. He would later serve as the organization's president (from 1857 to 1858). Octave Crémazie died in Le Havre on January 16, 1879.

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  • Octave Crémazie (April 16, 1827 – January 16, 1879) was a French Canadian poet and bookseller born in Quebec City. Recognized both during and after his lifetime for his patriotic verse and his significant role in the cultural development of Quebec, Crémazie has been called "the father of French Canadian poetry." Octave was the youngest of the four surviving children of Jacques Crémazie and Marie-Anne Miville. From 1836 to 1844, he was a student at the Seminary of Quebec, where the priest John Holmes (American priest) introduced him to the works of the French Romantic writers. Alfred de Musset, Alphonse de Lamartine, and Victor Hugo, in particular, had a profound influence on the future poet. After finishing his studies at the Seminary of Quebec, Crémazie went into business with his brother Joseph, a bookseller. Their shop in Quebec City, the J. et O. Crémazie bookstore, established in 1833, was instrumental in the North American dissemination of works by many Romantic writers. It was also a meeting place for the members of what would become known as Quebec's literary movement of 1860. While still in his early twenties, Crémazie helped found the Institut canadien, an organization devoted to the promotion of French Canadian culture. He would later serve as the organization's president (from 1857 to 1858). Crémazie's first published poems appeared in L'Ami de la religion et de la patrie (edited by his brother Jacques) and other Quebec City newspapers. Recognition for his poetry grew throughout the 1850s. As French-Canadian literature scholar Odette Condemine writes: His nostalgic evocation of the happiness that preceded the Conquest and the miseries that followed roused his compatriots' fervour. "Le vieux soldat canadien" (1855) and "Le Drapeau de Carillon" (1858) were enthusiastically received and won Crémazie his title as "national bard." The longing for a glorious, vanished past and the sense of estrangement from France in Crémazie's work has prompted the critic Gilles Marcotte to describe it as a poetry of exile. Despite the popularity of his bookstore, Octave Crémazie's extravagant taste for foreign commodities led to large debts and trouble with creditors. By 1862, his financial situation had become so dire that he fled to France in secret, leaving the bookstore bankrupt. He lived at different times in Paris, Bordeaux, and Le Havre under the name of Jules Fontaine, poor and isolated despite having secured a modest job and the support of a few French friends. Crémazie's poetic production stopped when he left Quebec. The documents that survive from his later years include his Journal du siège de Paris, a diary detailing the hardship that Parisians and Crémazie himself endured during the siege of the capital in 1870 and 1871. Many of his letters to close friends and family members also survive, including his correspondence with the priest Raymond Casgrain, to whom Crémazie often expressed his ideas about literature. Octave Crémazie died in Le Havre on January 16, 1879. Œuvres complètes, a volume of Crémazie's poems and letters edited by Raymond Casgrain, was published in 1882 by the Beauchemin bookstore in Montreal and the Institut canadien de Québec. The book included the following remarks: "In a word, the publishers wanted this book to stand as the most enduring monument that could be raised to the memory of the most patriotic, and indeed the most hapless, of our poets." A statue depicting a French Canadian soldier stands in Montreal's Saint-Louis Square (Rue de Malines and Saint-Denis) with Crémazie's name across the top and the years 1827–1879 (his years of birth and death). Underneath the soldier are the words: Pour mon drapeau je viens ici mourir (literally: "For my flag I come here to die"). There is also a Montreal metro station named for him on the orange line, located on the boulevard likewise named in his honour. (en)
  • Octave Crémazie, né à Québec (Québec) le 16 avril 1827 et mort au Havre (France) le 16 janvier 1879, est un libraire, poète et écrivain, qu’on présente, depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle, comme le premier « poète national » du Québec. Quelques poèmes fameux – « Le Vieux soldat canadien » (1855) et « Le drapeau de Carillon » (1858) – suffirent, en son temps, pour asseoir sa renommée de père de la poésie québécoise. À côté de son œuvre poétique, peu abondante et de qualité inégale, il laisse une correspondance qui fourmille d’aperçus pénétrants et critiques sur la littérature «canadienne» de son temps ainsi qu’un journal personnel très vivant tenu lors du siège de Paris par les Prussiens en 1870-71. L’histoire littéraire québécoise retient également, de l’apport de Crémazie, sa participation au développement des lettres par le biais de sa fonction de libraire. La librairie qu’il dirigea avec son frère Joseph fut la plus active à Québec durant les années 1840 à 1860, et un lieu de rencontre pour l’élite culturelle de la ville. S’y croisèrent les membres de l’Institut canadien de Québec et le groupe de lettrés qui allaient fonder la revue Les Soirées canadiennes. (fr)
  • Octave Crémazie, właśc. Claude-Joseph-Olivier Crémazie (ur. 16 kwietnia 1827 w Québecu, zm. 16 stycznia 1879 w Hawr) – kanadyjski poeta francuskojęzyczny, uznawany za ojca poezji frankokanadyjskiej. (pl)
  • Октав Кремази (фр. Octave Crémazie), настоящее имя Клод-Жозеф-Оливье Кремази (16 апреля 1827, Квебек — 16 января 1879, Гавр) — канадский франкоязычный поэт, считающийся отцом франкоканадской поэзии. В своём творчестве опирался на традиции французских романтиков, выступал за упрочение культурных, политических и экономических связей с Францией. Расценивается как первый поэт-романтик Квебека, внёсший весомый вклад в популяризацию этого течения у себя на родине. После публикации патриотической поэмы «Флаг Карильона» (1858) за ним закрепилось звание «национального поэта» Квебека. С 1863 года вынужденно проживал во Франции почти 16 лет, укрываясь от преследований кредиторов. Был похоронен в Гавре, на кладбище Ингувиля, место захоронения не сохранилось. (ru)
  • 奥塔夫·克雷玛齐(法語:Octave Crémazie,1827年4月16日-1879年1月16日),十九世纪法裔魁北克作家及诗人,有着「魁北克诗歌之父」的美誉。 他在魁北克的神学院度过求学生活。1848年他与他的两个兄弟雅克和约瑟夫一起创办的“布道书店”成为推动魁北克爱国运动的中心之一。1860年他创办了魁北克第一个以文学院,1861年他又参与创办了魁北克第一个文学杂志。 由于屡遭挫折,1862年基馬士告别魁北克前往法国。在法国,在穷困潦倒中,他用Jules Fontaines的名字度过了他一生中最后的十几年。1879年他在Le Havre去世。 基馬士是最负盛名的加拿大法语诗人之一,其诗作代表着一代法裔人民的情感。主要诗作为《克雷玛齐诗集》(Poésies d'Octave Crémazie, 1886),代表性诗篇有《加拿大老兵之歌》(Le Chant du vieux Soldat canadien)、《东方战争》(La Guerre d'Orient)、《亡灵》(Les Morts)、《钟之旗》(le Drapeau de Carillon)等。 (zh)
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  • 1879-01-16 (xsd:date)
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  • 1827-04-16 (xsd:date)
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  • Quebec City, Lower Canada (en)
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  • Le Havre, France (en)
dbp:genre
  • Poetry (en)
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  • French (en)
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  • Octave Crémazie (en)
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  • Poet, bookseller (en)
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  • Octave Crémazie, właśc. Claude-Joseph-Olivier Crémazie (ur. 16 kwietnia 1827 w Québecu, zm. 16 stycznia 1879 w Hawr) – kanadyjski poeta francuskojęzyczny, uznawany za ojca poezji frankokanadyjskiej. (pl)
  • Октав Кремази (фр. Octave Crémazie), настоящее имя Клод-Жозеф-Оливье Кремази (16 апреля 1827, Квебек — 16 января 1879, Гавр) — канадский франкоязычный поэт, считающийся отцом франкоканадской поэзии. В своём творчестве опирался на традиции французских романтиков, выступал за упрочение культурных, политических и экономических связей с Францией. Расценивается как первый поэт-романтик Квебека, внёсший весомый вклад в популяризацию этого течения у себя на родине. После публикации патриотической поэмы «Флаг Карильона» (1858) за ним закрепилось звание «национального поэта» Квебека. С 1863 года вынужденно проживал во Франции почти 16 лет, укрываясь от преследований кредиторов. Был похоронен в Гавре, на кладбище Ингувиля, место захоронения не сохранилось. (ru)
  • 奥塔夫·克雷玛齐(法語:Octave Crémazie,1827年4月16日-1879年1月16日),十九世纪法裔魁北克作家及诗人,有着「魁北克诗歌之父」的美誉。 他在魁北克的神学院度过求学生活。1848年他与他的两个兄弟雅克和约瑟夫一起创办的“布道书店”成为推动魁北克爱国运动的中心之一。1860年他创办了魁北克第一个以文学院,1861年他又参与创办了魁北克第一个文学杂志。 由于屡遭挫折,1862年基馬士告别魁北克前往法国。在法国,在穷困潦倒中,他用Jules Fontaines的名字度过了他一生中最后的十几年。1879年他在Le Havre去世。 基馬士是最负盛名的加拿大法语诗人之一,其诗作代表着一代法裔人民的情感。主要诗作为《克雷玛齐诗集》(Poésies d'Octave Crémazie, 1886),代表性诗篇有《加拿大老兵之歌》(Le Chant du vieux Soldat canadien)、《东方战争》(La Guerre d'Orient)、《亡灵》(Les Morts)、《钟之旗》(le Drapeau de Carillon)等。 (zh)
  • Octave Crémazie, né à Québec (Québec) le 16 avril 1827 et mort au Havre (France) le 16 janvier 1879, est un libraire, poète et écrivain, qu’on présente, depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle, comme le premier « poète national » du Québec. Quelques poèmes fameux – « Le Vieux soldat canadien » (1855) et « Le drapeau de Carillon » (1858) – suffirent, en son temps, pour asseoir sa renommée de père de la poésie québécoise. À côté de son œuvre poétique, peu abondante et de qualité inégale, il laisse une correspondance qui fourmille d’aperçus pénétrants et critiques sur la littérature «canadienne» de son temps ainsi qu’un journal personnel très vivant tenu lors du siège de Paris par les Prussiens en 1870-71. L’histoire littéraire québécoise retient également, de l’apport de Crémazie, sa participation a (fr)
  • Octave Crémazie (April 16, 1827 – January 16, 1879) was a French Canadian poet and bookseller born in Quebec City. Recognized both during and after his lifetime for his patriotic verse and his significant role in the cultural development of Quebec, Crémazie has been called "the father of French Canadian poetry." While still in his early twenties, Crémazie helped found the Institut canadien, an organization devoted to the promotion of French Canadian culture. He would later serve as the organization's president (from 1857 to 1858). Octave Crémazie died in Le Havre on January 16, 1879. (en)
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  • Octave Crémazie (fr)
  • Octave Crémazie (en)
  • Octave Crémazie (pl)
  • Кремази, Октав (ru)
  • 奧塔夫·克雷瑪齊 (zh)
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  • Octave Crémazie (en)
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