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The Nicaraguan Democratic Force (Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense, or FDN) was one of the earliest Contra groups, formed on August 11, 1981 in Guatemala City. It was formed to oppose Nicaragua's revolutionary Sandinista government following the 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. It merged the 15th of September Legion, which comprised mostly former members of Somoza's National Guard, with the Nicaraguan Democratic Union, an organization of émigrés from the business and professional classes. The new FDN also began assimilating the MILPAS movement, bands led by disenchanted former MAP-ML guerrillas. The FDN military was under the command of former National Guard colonel Enrique Bermúdez. The FDN was heavily backed by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Reagan administration.

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  • The Nicaraguan Democratic Force (Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense, or FDN) was one of the earliest Contra groups, formed on August 11, 1981 in Guatemala City. It was formed to oppose Nicaragua's revolutionary Sandinista government following the 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. It merged the 15th of September Legion, which comprised mostly former members of Somoza's National Guard, with the Nicaraguan Democratic Union, an organization of émigrés from the business and professional classes. The new FDN also began assimilating the MILPAS movement, bands led by disenchanted former MAP-ML guerrillas. The FDN military was under the command of former National Guard colonel Enrique Bermúdez. The FDN was heavily backed by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Reagan administration. (en)
  • Никарагуанские демократические силы (исп. Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense; FDN) — военно-политическая организация никарагуанской антисандинистской оппозиции 1980-х годов. Крупнейшая структура движения Контрас. Объединяли различные политические элементы, от крайне правых до леворадикальных, но в целом ориентировались на идеологию рейганизма. Вели гражданскую войну против правительства СФНО. Тесно сотрудничали с администрацией и спецслужбами США. Участвовали в международном антикоммунистическом Интернационале Джамбори. Прекратили вооружённую борьбу после политического урегулирования в Никарагуа и свободных выборов 1990 года. В настоящее время — общественная организация социально-благотворительного и историко-просветительского характера. (ru)
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  • The Nicaraguan Democratic Force (Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense, or FDN) was one of the earliest Contra groups, formed on August 11, 1981 in Guatemala City. It was formed to oppose Nicaragua's revolutionary Sandinista government following the 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. It merged the 15th of September Legion, which comprised mostly former members of Somoza's National Guard, with the Nicaraguan Democratic Union, an organization of émigrés from the business and professional classes. The new FDN also began assimilating the MILPAS movement, bands led by disenchanted former MAP-ML guerrillas. The FDN military was under the command of former National Guard colonel Enrique Bermúdez. The FDN was heavily backed by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Reagan administration. (en)
  • Никарагуанские демократические силы (исп. Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense; FDN) — военно-политическая организация никарагуанской антисандинистской оппозиции 1980-х годов. Крупнейшая структура движения Контрас. Объединяли различные политические элементы, от крайне правых до леворадикальных, но в целом ориентировались на идеологию рейганизма. Вели гражданскую войну против правительства СФНО. Тесно сотрудничали с администрацией и спецслужбами США. Участвовали в международном антикоммунистическом Интернационале Джамбори. Прекратили вооружённую борьбу после политического урегулирования в Никарагуа и свободных выборов 1990 года. В настоящее время — общественная организация социально-благотворительного и историко-просветительского характера. (ru)
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  • Nicaraguan Democratic Force (en)
  • Никарагуанские демократические силы (ru)
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