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- The Ndwandwe–Zulu War of 1817–1819 was a war fought between the expanding Zulu Kingdom and the Ndwandwe tribe in South Africa. The Zulus were originally a tiny tribe that had migrated to the eastern plateau of present-day South Africa; they became a strong tribal nation largely due to the efforts of an ambitious chieftain named Shaka (c. 1787–1828, reigned 1816–1828). A rebellious young man, Shaka was estranged from his father, who was a Zulu chief named Senzangakhona, and became a warrior with the Mthethwa people. The Mthethwa paramount chieftain Dingiswayo helped Shaka become recognized as head of the Zulus after Senzangakhona died in 1816. The two chieftains were close friends, and their warriors fought together against common enemies, such as the Ndwandwe headed by King Zwide. After Dingiswayo was captured and executed by Zwide, the Mthethwa people placed themselves under Shaka and took the Zulu name. Shaka revolutionized traditional ways of fighting by introducing the iklwa, a short stabbing spear, as a weapon and by organizing warriors into disciplined units that fought in close formation behind large cowhide shields. The Ndwandwe and the Zulus met in combat at the Battle of Mhlatuze River in 1819. By this time the Ndwandwe had adopted Zulu battle tactics and weapons so Shaka wore the invaders down with guerrilla tactics before launching his major attack when the Ndwandwe army was divided during the crossing of the Mhlatuze River. Zulu warriors arrived at Zwide's headquarters near present-day Nongoma before news of the defeat, and approached the camp singing Ndwandwe victory songs to gain entry. Zwide himself escaped with a handful of followers, and most of the Ndwandwe abandoned their lands and migrated north establishing Zulu-like (named Ngoni after the ethno-linguistic name "Nguni") kingdoms in Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. This was the final phase of the Mfecane, a catastrophic, bloody civil war and eventual migration of many different tribes in the area, initially (ca. 1802) caused by famine but ultimately as a result of escaping from the Zulus. The Ngoni groups caused their own havoc by using Zulu tactics in war. They established stronger political units in other countries and thus posed a threat to European colonisation, for example during the Maji-Maji Rebellion in German East Africa (1905–1907). Shaka was the ultimate victor, and his people still live today throughout Zululand, with customs and a way of life that can be easily traced to Shaka's day. (en)
- A Guerra Ndwandwe–Zulu ou Guerra Civil Zulu 1817-1819 foi uma guerra travada entre o reino zulu e a tribo Ndwandwe na África do Sul.. Os Zulus eram originalmente uma pequena tribo que havia migrado para o planalto oriental da atual África do Sul. Eles se tornaram uma nação forte e tribal, em grande parte devido aos esforços de um cacique ambicioso chamado Shaka (reinou de 1787-1828). Um jovem rebelde, Shaka foi afastado de seu pai, que era um chefe Zulu, e tornou-se um guerreiro com o povo Mthethwa.O cacique Dingiswayo e Shaka tornaram-se reconhecidos como chefes dos Zulus da tribo Mtetwa, Shaka depois que o pai morreu em 1816. Os dois chefes eram amigos próximos, e seus guerreiros lutaram juntos contra o inimigo comum, como a tribo Ndwandwe liderada pelo rei Zwide. Após Dingiswayo ser assassinado por Zwide, as pessoas colocaram Mthethwa sob o comando de Shaka e tomaram o nome Zulu. Shaka revolucionou as formas tradicionais de combate ao introduzir a azagaia (lança que parecia ter uma luz na ponta), como uma arma, e organizar em unidades disciplinadas guerreiros que lutaram em formações cerradas para trás com grandes escudos de couro. Na , em 1819, suas tropas e táticas prevaleceram sobre a superioridade numérica do povo Ndwandwe, que não conseguiu destruir o exército Zulu em seu primeiro encontro. O Ndwandwe e os zulus reuniram-se novamente em combate na Batalha do Rio Mhlatuze em 1820. As táticas Zulus novamente prevaleceram, pressionando um ataque quando o exército Ndwandwe foi dividido durante a travessia do . Guerreiros Zulus chegaram na aldeia de Zwides perto da atual antes da notícia da derrota, e se aproximaram do acampamento Ndwandwe cantando vitória. Zwide foi morto, e a maioria dos Ndwandwe abandonaram suas terras e migraram para o norte e leste. Este foi o início da Mfecane, uma migração catastrófica e sangrenta de muitas tribos diferentes na área, inicialmente escaparam dos zulus, causando sua própria destruição depois de adotar táticas Zulus na guerra. No entanto, esse desmembramento levou também à criação de novos estados, como o Império de Gaza, em Moçambique. (pt)
- Гражданская война Зулусов или Ндвандве-зулусская война — война 1817—1819 годов между расширявшейся зулусской империей и племенем Ндвандве в Южной Африке. (ru)
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- Zulu Kingdom
- Ndwandwe Kingdom
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- Zulu victory, the start ofMfecane, Soshangana founds Gaza Kingdom in Mozambique, Zwangendaba founds Ngoni Kingdom in Zambia and Mzilikazi founds Khumalo Kingdom in Zimbabwe.
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- Zulu victory, the start of Mfecane, Soshangana founds Gaza Kingdom in Mozambique, Zwangendaba founds Ngoni Kingdom in Zambia and Mzilikazi founds Khumalo Kingdom in Zimbabwe. (en)
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- Гражданская война Зулусов или Ндвандве-зулусская война — война 1817—1819 годов между расширявшейся зулусской империей и племенем Ндвандве в Южной Африке. (ru)
- The Ndwandwe–Zulu War of 1817–1819 was a war fought between the expanding Zulu Kingdom and the Ndwandwe tribe in South Africa. The Zulus were originally a tiny tribe that had migrated to the eastern plateau of present-day South Africa; they became a strong tribal nation largely due to the efforts of an ambitious chieftain named Shaka (c. 1787–1828, reigned 1816–1828). A rebellious young man, Shaka was estranged from his father, who was a Zulu chief named Senzangakhona, and became a warrior with the Mthethwa people. The Mthethwa paramount chieftain Dingiswayo helped Shaka become recognized as head of the Zulus after Senzangakhona died in 1816. The two chieftains were close friends, and their warriors fought together against common enemies, such as the Ndwandwe headed by King Zwide. After Di (en)
- A Guerra Ndwandwe–Zulu ou Guerra Civil Zulu 1817-1819 foi uma guerra travada entre o reino zulu e a tribo Ndwandwe na África do Sul.. Os Zulus eram originalmente uma pequena tribo que havia migrado para o planalto oriental da atual África do Sul. Eles se tornaram uma nação forte e tribal, em grande parte devido aos esforços de um cacique ambicioso chamado Shaka (reinou de 1787-1828). Um jovem rebelde, Shaka foi afastado de seu pai, que era um chefe Zulu, e tornou-se um guerreiro com o povo Mthethwa.O cacique Dingiswayo e Shaka tornaram-se reconhecidos como chefes dos Zulus da tribo Mtetwa, Shaka depois que o pai morreu em 1816. Os dois chefes eram amigos próximos, e seus guerreiros lutaram juntos contra o inimigo comum, como a tribo Ndwandwe liderada pelo rei Zwide. Após Dingiswayo ser ass (pt)
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- Ndwandwe–Zulu War (en)
- Guerra Ndwandwe–Zulu (pt)
- Ндвандве-зулусская война (ru)
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