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- The Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) (Urdu: متحدہ قومی موومنٹ, Muttaḥidah Qọ̄mī Mūwmaṅṫ), previously known as Muhajir Qaumi Movement, is a secular political party in Pakistan that was founded by Altaf Hussain in 1984. Currently the party is split between 2 main factions. MQM-London faction is controlled by Altaf Hussain from London, while MQM-Pakistan is run by Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui based in Pakistan. Its electoral symbol was a kite. It was founded as a student organization, All Pakistan Muhajir Student Organization (APMSO), in 1978 by Altaf Hussain. APMSO gave birth to the Muhajir Qaumi Movement in 1984. In 1997, the MQM removed the term Muhajir (that denotes the party roots among the country's Urdu-speaking community) from its name and replaced it with Muttahida ("United"). The MQM was generally known as a party that once held strong mobilizing potential in Karachi, having traditionally been the dominant political force in the city. The party has kept its influence over Pakistan's federal government as a key coalition partner since the late 1980s (1988-1990, 1990–1992, 2002–2007, 2008–2013). However, MQM parliamentarians resigned from the National Assembly, Senate and Provincial Assembly of Sindh in protest against a crackdown on party supporters. In August 2016, after Altaf Hussain's 22 August speech, there was military crack down on the party. Nine Zero, the party headquarters in Karachi, was sealed, the party's leaders including Farooq Sattar were arrested, and most elected parliamentarians in the MQM were forced to disassociate themselves from Altaf Hussain. MQM terminated Farooq Sattar's party membership for party rules violations, and he then formed his own faction. (en)
- Il Movimento Nazionale Unito (in urdu: متحدہ قومی موومنٹ, Muttahida Qaumi - MQM) è un partito politico pakistano con sede a Londra, fondato e condotto dall'autoesiliato .Si originò come un'organizzazione studentesca etnica nel 1978 dall'Università di Karachi. Il movimento studentesco, più tardi si convertì in un influente partito politico della provincia di Sindh. Il 26 luglio 1997, cambia il nome da Muhajir Qaumi Movement a Muttahida Qaumi Movement. Attualmente il partito è diviso in 2 fazioni principali: MQM-Londra è controllata da Altaf Hussain da Londra, mentre MQM-Pakistan è gestito da Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui con sede in Pakistan. (it)
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- Il Movimento Nazionale Unito (in urdu: متحدہ قومی موومنٹ, Muttahida Qaumi - MQM) è un partito politico pakistano con sede a Londra, fondato e condotto dall'autoesiliato .Si originò come un'organizzazione studentesca etnica nel 1978 dall'Università di Karachi. Il movimento studentesco, più tardi si convertì in un influente partito politico della provincia di Sindh. Il 26 luglio 1997, cambia il nome da Muhajir Qaumi Movement a Muttahida Qaumi Movement. Attualmente il partito è diviso in 2 fazioni principali: MQM-Londra è controllata da Altaf Hussain da Londra, mentre MQM-Pakistan è gestito da Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui con sede in Pakistan. (it)
- The Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) (Urdu: متحدہ قومی موومنٹ, Muttaḥidah Qọ̄mī Mūwmaṅṫ), previously known as Muhajir Qaumi Movement, is a secular political party in Pakistan that was founded by Altaf Hussain in 1984. Currently the party is split between 2 main factions. MQM-London faction is controlled by Altaf Hussain from London, while MQM-Pakistan is run by Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui based in Pakistan. Its electoral symbol was a kite. (en)
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