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Critique of political economy or critique of economy is a form of social critique that rejects the various social categories and structures that constitute the mainstream discourse concerning the forms and modalities of resource allocation and income distribution in the economy. The critique also rejects economists' use of what its advocates believe are unrealistic axioms, faulty historical assumptions, and the normative use of various descriptive narratives. They reject what they describe as mainstream economists' tendency to posit the economy as an a priori societal category.

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  • نقد الاقتصاد السياسي أو نقد الاقتصاد (بالإنجليزية: Critique of political economy)‏ هو نقد يطرح تساؤلات حول موضوع الاقتصاد ذاته، ومن ثم يرفض البديهيات والمؤسسات والفئات الاجتماعية وكذلك النموذج الكامل لما يشار إليه عادة باسم الاقتصاد. يميل نقاد الاقتصاد إلى الاتفاق على أن الممارسات والافتراضات والمفاهيم الشائعة في مجال الاقتصاد غير علمية. بالإضافة إلى الادعاء بأن هذه الظواهر ناتجة عن ممارسات مجتمعية أو معيارية أكثر من أي قوانين بديهية. لذلك ينظر منتقدو الاقتصاد السياسي عموماً إلى ما يشار إليه عادة باسم الاقتصاد على أنه حزم من المفاهيم فوق الطبيعية والممارسات المجتمعية. نقاد الاقتصاد السياسي لا ينظرون إلى الاقتصاد أز الفئات ذات الصلة على أنها عابرة في التاريخ، ولكن بالأحرى على أنها جديدة نسبياً في التاريخ ونشأت جنباً إلى جنب مع الحداثة الرأسمالية. يهدف نقاد الاقتصاد السياسي إلى نقد الاقتصاد نفسه وبالتالي لا يهدفون إلى خلق نظريات تتعلق بكيفية إدارة الاقتصادات كما هو الحال في علم الاقتصاد التقليدي. هناك انتقادات متعددة للاقتصاد السياسي اليوم لكن القاسم المشترك بينهم هو نقد العقيدة التي تدعي أن «الاقتصاد» فئة مجتمعية ضرورية.يُعتبر النقد الماركسي المعاصر مصحوباً بشكل عام برفض للقراءات الأكثر تأثراً بالطبيعية بالإضافة إلى قراءات اعتُبرت لاحقًا ماركسية النظرة العالمية (بالإنجليزية: weltanschaaungsmarxismus)‏، والتي انتشرت حتى نهاية القرن العشرين.وفقًا لبعض الباحثين الماركسيين فإن الانتقادات المعاصرة للاقتصاد السياسي والألمانية المعاصرة (بالألمانية: Ökonomiekritik) أُهملت جزئياً على الأقل في العالم الناطق بالإنجليزية. (ar)
  • Kritik der politischen Ökonomie ist die von Karl Marx seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts begonnene Untersuchung und Darstellung von Produktionsweise und Ideologie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft. Die Kritik zielt zugleich auf die klassische Politische Ökonomie, die gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse und die sie verschleiernde bürgerliche Ideologie. Ziel der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie ist die Erkenntnis und Aufhebung dieser Gesellschaftsform durch die ausgebeutete Arbeiterklasse. In seinem Londoner Exil veröffentlichte Marx hierzu 1859 einen ersten Bericht Zur Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, und 1867 den ersten Band seines Hauptwerkes Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. Der Fehler der klassischen Politischen Ökonomie bestand nach Marx’ Auffassung hauptsächlich darin, dass es deren Theoretikern entweder nicht gelang zu zeigen, wie das Verhältnis zwischen dem Arbeitsaufwand zur Produktion von Waren und deren Tauschwert tatsächlich beschaffen ist (z. B. Ricardo), oder dass sie einen solchen Zusammenhang leugneten (z. B. Bailey). Im Gegensatz zu den Klassikern der Politischen Ökonomie ging es Marx darum, den „ideologischen Schleier“ der Oberflächenerscheinungen zu lüften und das „Wesen“ der kapitalistischen Produktionsweise bloßzulegen. Zugleich galt seine Kritik den konkurrierenden sozialistischen Theorien wie der Proudhons und Lassalles, die nach Marx’ Auffassung den Rang der Klassiker der politischen Ökonomie nicht erreichten und deren Irrtümer die Arbeiterbewegung auf Holzwege führten. (de)
  • Critique of political economy or critique of economy is a form of social critique that rejects the various social categories and structures that constitute the mainstream discourse concerning the forms and modalities of resource allocation and income distribution in the economy. The critique also rejects economists' use of what its advocates believe are unrealistic axioms, faulty historical assumptions, and the normative use of various descriptive narratives. They reject what they describe as mainstream economists' tendency to posit the economy as an a priori societal category. Those who engage in critique of economy tend to reject the view that the economy, and its categories, is to be understood as something transhistorical. They rather argue that it is a relatively new mode of resource distribution, which emerged along with modernity. Hence, it is seen as merely one of many types of historically specific ways to distribute resources. Critics of economy critique the given status of the economy itself, and hence don't aim to create theories regarding how to administer economies. Critics of economy commonly view what is most commonly referred to as the economy as being bundles of metaphysical concepts, as well as societal and normative practices, rather than being the result of any "self-evident" or proclaimed "economic laws". Hence they also tend to consider the views which are commonplace within the field of economics as faulty, or simply as pseudoscience. There are multiple critiques of political economy today, but what they have in common is critique of what critics of political economy tend to view as dogma, i.e. claims of "the economy" as a necessary and transhistorical societal category. (en)
  • La crítica de la economía política o crítica de la economía es una crítica que cuestiona el objeto mismo de la economía y, por lo tanto, rechaza los axiomas, las instituciones y las categorías sociales, las abstracciones y todo el paradigma de lo que generalmente se denomina «la economía».​​ Los críticos de la economía tienden a estar de acuerdo en que las prácticas, los supuestos y los conceptos que son comunes dentro del campo de la economía no son científicos. Afirman, a su vez, que estos fenómenos son más bien el producto de prácticas sociales y normativas, más que el resultado de una ley autoevidente.​ Para los críticos de la economía política, lo que se suele llamar «la economía» no es más que un conjunto de conceptos metafísicos y prácticas sociales.​ (es)
  • Les critiques de l'économie sont l'ensemble des reproches et mises en cause adressées à l'économie en tant que discipline académique. (fr)
  • Ekonomikritik är kritik av “det ekonomiska” i sig, och i synnerhet mot uppfattningen av "det ekonomiska" som ett samhälleligt a priori. Ekonomikritiken menar att de praktiker, axiom och naturaliserade kategoriseringar som förekommer inom ramen för ekonomin är uppburna av samhälleliga (normativa) praktiker och metafysiska antaganden, snarare än några som helst förmenta "lagbundenheter" eller eviga sanningar. Ekonomikritiker lutar sig ofta på historiska bevis för att det vi idag uppfattar som "det ekonomiska", inte är någonting evigt, utan snarare något relativt nytt som uppkommit i samband med moderniteten. Den så kallade "ekonomin" ses alltså till följd av detta bara som ett (ofta högst suboptimalt) vis att fördela resurser som har förekommit genom människans historia. Det förekommer också att ekonomikritiker, men ibland också ekonomer själva, anser att de synsätt som praktiseras av ekonomer är felaktiga, eller direkt pseudovetenskapliga. Det finns idag många olika ekonomikritiska infallsvinklar, men vad de har gemensamt är kritik av vad som uppfattas som ekonomernas dogma och normativa praktiker. Till följd av att ekonomikritiker kritiserar kategorin ekonomi i sig, är de inte intresserade av att skapa teoribildningar angående hur man ska kunna administrera och upprätthålla de samtida resursfördelningspraktikerna. (sv)
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  • Marx (en)
  • Ruskin (en)
dbp:date
  • September 2021 (en)
dbp:reason
  • Not clear what this is intended to exemplify (en)
dbp:source
  • Marx: Das Kapital (en)
  • Marx: The Poverty of Philosophy (en)
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  • "In the domain of Political Economy, free scientific inquiry meets not merely the same enemies as in all other domains. The peculiar nature of the materials it deals with, summons as foes into the field of battle the most violent, mean, and malignant passions of the human breast, the Furies of private interest. The English Established Church, e.g., will more readily pardon an attack on 38 of its 39 articles than on 1/39 of its income. Nowadays atheism is culpa levis [a relatively slight sin, c.f. mortal sin], as compared with criticism of existing property relations." (en)
  • [...] the art of becoming "rich," in the common sense, is not absolutely nor finally the art of accumulating much money for ourselves, but also of contriving that our neighbours shall have less. In accurate terms, it is "the art of establishing the maximum inequality in our own favour." (en)
  • Individuals producing in society, and hence the socially determined production of individuals, is, of course, the point of departure. The solitary and isolated hunter or fisherman, who serves Adam Smith and Ricardo as a starting point, is one of the unimaginative fantasies of eighteenth-century romances a la Robinson Crusoe; and despite the assertions of social historians, these by no means signify simply a reaction against over-refinement and reversion to a misconceived natural life. No more is Rousseau's contract social, which by means of a contract establishes a relationship and connection between subjects that are by nature independent, based on this kind of naturalism. [...] The individual in this society of free competition seems to be rid of natural ties, etc., which made him an appurtenance of a particular, limited aggregation of human beings in previous historical epochs. The prophets of the eighteenth century, on whose shoulders Adam Smith and Ricardo were still wholly standing, envisaged this 18th-century individual – a product of the dissolution of feudal society on the one hand and of the new productive forces evolved since the sixteenth century on the other – as an ideal whose existence belonged to the past. They saw this individual not as a historical result, but as the starting point of history; not as something evolving in the course of history, but posited by nature, because for them this individual was in conformity with nature, in keeping with their idea of human nature. This delusion has been characteristic of every new epoch hitherto. (en)
  • "Economists have a singular method of procedure. There are only two kinds of institutions for them, artificial and natural. The institutions of feudalism are artificial institutions, those of the bourgeoisie are natural institutions. In this, they resemble the theologians, who likewise establish two kinds of religion. Every religion which is not theirs is an invention of men, while their own is an emanation from God. When the economists say that present-day relations – the relations of bourgeois production – are natural, they imply that these are the relations in which wealth is created and productive forces developed in conformity with the laws of nature. These relations, therefore, are themselves natural laws independent of the influence of time. They are eternal laws that must always govern society. Thus, there has been history, but there is no longer any. There has been history, since there were the institutions of feudalism, and in these institutions of feudalism we find quite different relations of production from those of bourgeois society, which the economists try to pass off as natural and as such, eternal." (en)
dbp:title
  • A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (en)
  • Unto this last (en)
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  • Les critiques de l'économie sont l'ensemble des reproches et mises en cause adressées à l'économie en tant que discipline académique. (fr)
  • نقد الاقتصاد السياسي أو نقد الاقتصاد (بالإنجليزية: Critique of political economy)‏ هو نقد يطرح تساؤلات حول موضوع الاقتصاد ذاته، ومن ثم يرفض البديهيات والمؤسسات والفئات الاجتماعية وكذلك النموذج الكامل لما يشار إليه عادة باسم الاقتصاد. (ar)
  • Critique of political economy or critique of economy is a form of social critique that rejects the various social categories and structures that constitute the mainstream discourse concerning the forms and modalities of resource allocation and income distribution in the economy. The critique also rejects economists' use of what its advocates believe are unrealistic axioms, faulty historical assumptions, and the normative use of various descriptive narratives. They reject what they describe as mainstream economists' tendency to posit the economy as an a priori societal category. (en)
  • Kritik der politischen Ökonomie ist die von Karl Marx seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts begonnene Untersuchung und Darstellung von Produktionsweise und Ideologie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft. Die Kritik zielt zugleich auf die klassische Politische Ökonomie, die gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse und die sie verschleiernde bürgerliche Ideologie. Ziel der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie ist die Erkenntnis und Aufhebung dieser Gesellschaftsform durch die ausgebeutete Arbeiterklasse. In seinem Londoner Exil veröffentlichte Marx hierzu 1859 einen ersten Bericht Zur Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, und 1867 den ersten Band seines Hauptwerkes Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. (de)
  • La crítica de la economía política o crítica de la economía es una crítica que cuestiona el objeto mismo de la economía y, por lo tanto, rechaza los axiomas, las instituciones y las categorías sociales, las abstracciones y todo el paradigma de lo que generalmente se denomina «la economía».​​ (es)
  • Ekonomikritik är kritik av “det ekonomiska” i sig, och i synnerhet mot uppfattningen av "det ekonomiska" som ett samhälleligt a priori. Ekonomikritiken menar att de praktiker, axiom och naturaliserade kategoriseringar som förekommer inom ramen för ekonomin är uppburna av samhälleliga (normativa) praktiker och metafysiska antaganden, snarare än några som helst förmenta "lagbundenheter" eller eviga sanningar. Ekonomikritiker lutar sig ofta på historiska bevis för att det vi idag uppfattar som "det ekonomiska", inte är någonting evigt, utan snarare något relativt nytt som uppkommit i samband med moderniteten. Den så kallade "ekonomin" ses alltså till följd av detta bara som ett (ofta högst suboptimalt) vis att fördela resurser som har förekommit genom människans historia. Det förekommer också (sv)
rdfs:label
  • Critique of political economy (en)
  • نقد الاقتصاد السياسي (ar)
  • Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (de)
  • Crítica de la economía política (es)
  • Critiques de l'économie (fr)
  • Ekonomikritik (sv)
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