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All animals on Earth form associations with microorganisms, including protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically explored in single host–symbiont systems. However, new explorations into the diversity of marine microorganisms associating with diverse marine animal hosts is moving the field into studies that address interactions between the animal host and a more multi-member microbiome. The potential for microbiomes to influence the health, physiology, behavior, and ecology of marine animals could alter current understandings of how marine animals adapt to change, and especially the growing climate-related and anthropogenic-induced changes already impacting the ocean environment.

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  • All animals on Earth form associations with microorganisms, including protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically explored in single host–symbiont systems. However, new explorations into the diversity of marine microorganisms associating with diverse marine animal hosts is moving the field into studies that address interactions between the animal host and a more multi-member microbiome. The potential for microbiomes to influence the health, physiology, behavior, and ecology of marine animals could alter current understandings of how marine animals adapt to change, and especially the growing climate-related and anthropogenic-induced changes already impacting the ocean environment. In the oceans, it is challenging to find eukaryotic organisms that do not live in close relationship with a microbial partner. Host-associated microbiomes also influence biogeochemical cycling within ecosystems with cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The microbiomes of diverse marine animals are currently under study, from simplistic organisms including sponges and ctenophores to more complex organisms such as sea squirts and sharks. (en)
  • Tutti gli animali sulla Terra formano associazioni con microrganismi, inclusi protisti, batteri, archaea, funghi e virus. Nell'oceano, le relazioni animale-microbico sono state storicamente esplorate in singoli sistemi ospite-simbionte. Tuttavia, nuove esplorazioni sulla diversità dei microrganismi marini associati a diversi ospiti di animali marini stanno spostando il campo degli studi che affrontano le interazioni tra l'ospite animale e un microbioma con più membri multipli. Il potenziale dei microbiomi di influenzare la salute, la fisiologia, il comportamento e l'ecologia degli animali marini potrebbe alterare le attuali conoscenze su come gli animali marini si adattano al cambiamento, e in particolare i crescenti cambiamenti legati al clima e indotti dall'uomo che già hanno un impatto sull'ambiente oceanico. Negli oceani è difficile trovare organismi eucarioti che non vivono in stretta relazione con un partner microbico. I microbiomi associati all'ospite influenzano anche il all'interno degli ecosistemi con sulla biodiversità e sui processi ecosistemici. Attualmente sono in fase di studio i microbiomi di diversi animali marini, dglia organismi più semplici, tra cui spugne e ctenofori, agli organismi più complessi come ascidie e squali. (it)
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  • Giant tube worms depend on symbiotic bacteria in their midgut for sustenance (en)
  • The deepwater mussel Bathymodiolus childressi depends on intracellular methanotrophic bacteria in its gills as a source of carbon (en)
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  • Deep-sea hydrothermal vent (en)
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  • Bathymodiolus childressi.jpg (en)
  • Riftia tube worm colony Galapagos 2011.jpg (en)
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  • All animals on Earth form associations with microorganisms, including protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically explored in single host–symbiont systems. However, new explorations into the diversity of marine microorganisms associating with diverse marine animal hosts is moving the field into studies that address interactions between the animal host and a more multi-member microbiome. The potential for microbiomes to influence the health, physiology, behavior, and ecology of marine animals could alter current understandings of how marine animals adapt to change, and especially the growing climate-related and anthropogenic-induced changes already impacting the ocean environment. (en)
  • Tutti gli animali sulla Terra formano associazioni con microrganismi, inclusi protisti, batteri, archaea, funghi e virus. Nell'oceano, le relazioni animale-microbico sono state storicamente esplorate in singoli sistemi ospite-simbionte. Tuttavia, nuove esplorazioni sulla diversità dei microrganismi marini associati a diversi ospiti di animali marini stanno spostando il campo degli studi che affrontano le interazioni tra l'ospite animale e un microbioma con più membri multipli. Il potenziale dei microbiomi di influenzare la salute, la fisiologia, il comportamento e l'ecologia degli animali marini potrebbe alterare le attuali conoscenze su come gli animali marini si adattano al cambiamento, e in particolare i crescenti cambiamenti legati al clima e indotti dall'uomo che già hanno un impatto (it)
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  • Microbioma marino (it)
  • Marine microbiome (en)
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