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Turkey and the Government of National Accord (GNA) of Libya signed a Maritime Boundary Treaty in order to establish an Exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean Sea, which meant that they could claim rights to ocean bed resources. According to the list of maritime boundary treaties, this was the first agreement ever to be signed between the two countries. However, fears were expressed that the agreement may fuel an "energy showdown" in this region, because it was highly contentious.

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  • اتفاقية ترسيم الحدود التركية الليبية، هي اتفاقية بين الحكومة التركية وحكومة الوفاق الوطني الليبية تم التوقيع عليها في 27 نوفمبر 2019، لترسيم الحدود البحرية بين البلدين في البحر المتوسط. (ar)
  • Η Τουρκία και η Κυβέρνηση Εθνικής Συμφωνίας είχαν υπογράψει παράνομη Συνθήκη για τα Θαλάσσια Όρια προκειμένου να δημιουργήσουν μια Αποκλειστική οικονομική ζώνη στη Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα, πράγμα που θα σήμαινε ότι θα μπορούσαν να διεκδικήσουν δικαιώματα για τους πόρους των ωκεανών. Σύμφωνα με τον κατάλογο των συνθηκών για τα θαλάσσια σύνορα, αυτή ήταν η πρώτη συμφωνία που υπογράφηκε ποτέ μεταξύ των δύο χωρών, άρα εισήγαγε μια νέα δυναμική στην ανατολική περιοχή της Μεσογείου. Ωστόσο, εκφράστηκαν φόβοι ότι η συμφωνία μπορούσε να τροφοδοτήσει μια «ενεργειακή αναμέτρηση» σε αυτήν την περιοχή, επειδή ήταν εξαιρετικά αμφισβητούμενη. Η νομιμότητα και οι νομικές συνέπειες της συμφωνίας αμφισβητήθηκαν από κράτη της περιοχής, καθώς και από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. Σύμφωνα με την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, η συμφωνία «παραβίαζε τα κυριαρχικά δικαιώματα τρίτων κρατών, δεν συμμορφώνονταν με το νόμο της θάλασσας και δεν μπορούσε να έχει νομικές συνέπειες για τρίτα κράτη». Τόσο η Κύπρος όσο και η Αίγυπτος είχαν απορρίψει τη συμφωνία ως παράνομη, ενώ η Ελλάδα την θεώρησε άκυρη και γεωγραφικά παράλογη, επειδή αγνοούσε την παρουσία των νησιών της Κρήτης, της Κάσου, της Καρπάθου, του Καστελλόριζου και της Ρόδου μεταξύ των ακτών Τουρκίας και Λιβύης. Τελικά, το μνημόνιο Τουρκίας-Κυβερνήσεως Εθνικής Συμφωνίας για τις θαλάσσιες ζώνες ακυρώθηκε από το Εφετείο της Λιβύης του Al-Bayda με την απόφασή του στις 27 Ιανουαρίου 2021. (el)
  • Turkey and the Government of National Accord (GNA) of Libya signed a Maritime Boundary Treaty in order to establish an Exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean Sea, which meant that they could claim rights to ocean bed resources. According to the list of maritime boundary treaties, this was the first agreement ever to be signed between the two countries. However, fears were expressed that the agreement may fuel an "energy showdown" in this region, because it was highly contentious. This agreement was controversial and drew condemnation by the states in the region and the international community, including the rival Tobruk-based government led by Libya's Parliament (House of Representatives) and the Libyan National Army, the European Union, the United States of America, Greece, Russia, Egypt, Cyprus, Malta, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Serbia, Israel, Syria, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the Arab League, as a violation of the International Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the article 8 of the Skhirat Agreement which prohibits the Libyan Prime Minister from solely clinching international deals without consent of all the cabinet members. The accord's legitimacy and the legal consequences had been disputed. According to the European Union, it "infringed upon the sovereign rights of third States, did not comply with the United Nations' Law of the Sea and could not produce any legal consequences for third states". Both Cyprus and Egypt had dismissed the deal as "illegal", while Greece regarded it as "void" and "geographically absurd", because it ignored the presence of the Greek islands of Crete, Kasos, Karpathos, Kastellorizo and Rhodes between the Turkish–Libyan coasts. On 5 December 2019, the Turkish Parliament ratified the maritime deal, where it had a strong backing by four of Turkey's five major political parties - with the exception of the pro-Kurdish People's Democracy Party (HDP). The Libyan Parliament however blocked the ratification and rejected the deal unanimously, with the President of the Parliament, Aguila Saleh Issa, sending a letter to the United Nations declaring it as null and void. Even though the ratification by the Libyan Parliament failed, GNA deposited the maritime agreement to the United Nations on December 27, with Turkey following on March 2 of the next year. On 14 July 2020, it is revealed that five countries sent a joint note verbale to the UN Secretariat calling for the agreement to not be registered and accepted, noting that, per UN procedures, its ratification by the Libyan Parliament is a prerequisite. On October 1, the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, registered the Turkey-GNA deal on the delimitation of maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean. The agreement "has been registered with the Secretariat, in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations," said the certificate of registration. Nine months later, in August 2020, Greece and Egypt signed a maritime deal, demarcating an exclusive economic zone for oil and gas drilling rights, to counter the Turkey-GNA agreement. The Turkish-GNA memorandum on maritime zones was cancelled by the Al-Bayda Court of Appeals of Libya in its 27 January 2021 ruling. (en)
  • Acordo Turco-Líbio sobre a Delimitação de Fronteiras Marítimas , oficialmente intitulado "Memorando de Entendimento entre a Turquia e a Líbia sobre a Delimitação das Áreas de Jurisdição Marítima no Mediterrâneo", é um acordo entre o governo da Turquia e o Governo de União Nacional da Líbia assinado em 27 de novembro de 2019 para demarcar a fronteira marítima entre os dois países no Mar Mediterrâneo. (pt)
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dbp:dateSigned
  • 2019-11-27 (xsd:date)
dbp:languages
  • Arabic (en)
  • (en)
  • English (en)
  • Turkish (en)
dbp:locationSigned
  • Istanbul, Turkey (en)
dbp:longName
  • Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord – State of Libya on delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean (en)
dbp:parties
  • * Government of National Accord * Turkey (en)
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  • اتفاقية ترسيم الحدود التركية الليبية، هي اتفاقية بين الحكومة التركية وحكومة الوفاق الوطني الليبية تم التوقيع عليها في 27 نوفمبر 2019، لترسيم الحدود البحرية بين البلدين في البحر المتوسط. (ar)
  • Acordo Turco-Líbio sobre a Delimitação de Fronteiras Marítimas , oficialmente intitulado "Memorando de Entendimento entre a Turquia e a Líbia sobre a Delimitação das Áreas de Jurisdição Marítima no Mediterrâneo", é um acordo entre o governo da Turquia e o Governo de União Nacional da Líbia assinado em 27 de novembro de 2019 para demarcar a fronteira marítima entre os dois países no Mar Mediterrâneo. (pt)
  • Η Τουρκία και η Κυβέρνηση Εθνικής Συμφωνίας είχαν υπογράψει παράνομη Συνθήκη για τα Θαλάσσια Όρια προκειμένου να δημιουργήσουν μια Αποκλειστική οικονομική ζώνη στη Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα, πράγμα που θα σήμαινε ότι θα μπορούσαν να διεκδικήσουν δικαιώματα για τους πόρους των ωκεανών. Σύμφωνα με τον κατάλογο των συνθηκών για τα θαλάσσια σύνορα, αυτή ήταν η πρώτη συμφωνία που υπογράφηκε ποτέ μεταξύ των δύο χωρών, άρα εισήγαγε μια νέα δυναμική στην ανατολική περιοχή της Μεσογείου. Ωστόσο, εκφράστηκαν φόβοι ότι η συμφωνία μπορούσε να τροφοδοτήσει μια «ενεργειακή αναμέτρηση» σε αυτήν την περιοχή, επειδή ήταν εξαιρετικά αμφισβητούμενη. (el)
  • Turkey and the Government of National Accord (GNA) of Libya signed a Maritime Boundary Treaty in order to establish an Exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean Sea, which meant that they could claim rights to ocean bed resources. According to the list of maritime boundary treaties, this was the first agreement ever to be signed between the two countries. However, fears were expressed that the agreement may fuel an "energy showdown" in this region, because it was highly contentious. (en)
rdfs:label
  • اتفاقية ترسيم الحدود البحرية التركية الليبية (ar)
  • Τουρκολιβυκό σύμφωνο θαλάσσης (el)
  • Libya (GNA)–Turkey maritime deal (en)
  • Acordo Turco-Líbio sobre a Delimitação de Fronteiras Marítimas (pt)
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