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Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan (Persian: سازمان آزادی‌بخش مردم افغانستان, Sazman-e Azadibakhsh-e Mardom-e Afghanistan, SAMA) was a Maoist insurgent group operating in Afghanistan, and based in Parwan Province. It was the main leftist politico-military organization in Afghanistan that fought in opposition to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan regime and the Soviets. SAMA was led by Majid Kalakani, who intended to turn SAMA into a Maoist styled United Front of forces opposed to the Soviet-backed PDPA.

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  • Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan (Persian: سازمان آزادی‌بخش مردم افغانستان, Sazman-e Azadibakhsh-e Mardom-e Afghanistan, SAMA) was a Maoist insurgent group operating in Afghanistan, and based in Parwan Province. It was the main leftist politico-military organization in Afghanistan that fought in opposition to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan regime and the Soviets. SAMA was led by Majid Kalakani, who intended to turn SAMA into a Maoist styled United Front of forces opposed to the Soviet-backed PDPA. SAMA was a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist group with links to the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement although not all of its members were Maoists, it rejected the Three Worlds Theory in opposition to Faiz Ahmad's ALO. SAMA had its origins in the Shalleh-ye Javiyd Maoist movement of the 1960s and 1970s. SAMA was known for its spectacular guerrilla attacks. They often recruited armed outlaws and bandits as guerrillas. SAMA guerrillas attacked Soviet convoys, robbed the government of money supplied to it by the Soviets, and carried out assassinations. In one instance SAMA fighters dressed in army uniforms broke into a military base and looted it of its weapons, and even kidnapped a Soviet general. After Kalakani's death SAMA stagnated and declined, fighting between SAMA and Hekmatyar's Party of Islam had driven SAMA out of Kalakan and Koh Daman by 1983. By 1983 government forces had infiltrated the SAMA organization and attempted to encourage SAMA to join the Government. When this did not occur the government arrested 60 of the organization's leaders. The new SAMA leadership entered into discussions with government and begun to abandon Maoism and its strategy for New Democracy, causing splits and desertions, as well as the emergence of new Maoist groups. By 1989 the organization ceased to exist. (en)
  • A Organização para a Libertação do Povo do Afeganistão (em persa : سازمان آزادی‌بخش مردم افغانستان, Sazman-e Azadibakhsh-e Mardom-e Afeganistão, SAMA) era um grupo insurgente maoísta afegão, com maior influência na Província de Parwan. Foi a principal organização político-militar de esquerda no Afeganistão, fundada em 1978, que lutou contra o regime pro-soviético do Partido Democrático do Povo do Afeganistão (PDPA) e contra o exército soviético, no contexto da Ruptura sino-soviética. Era liderada por Majid Kalakani, que pretendia pretendia construir uma Frente Única de estilo maoísta de forças opostas ao governo pro-soviético do PDPA. Tinha ligações com o Movimento Revolucionário Internacionalista, embora nem todos os seus integrantes foram maoístas. Se opôs à Teoria dos Três Mundos, que era defendida pela Organização para a Libertação do Afeganistão, uma outra organização maoísta afegã. Teve suas origens no "Eterna Chama", um movimento maoísta que atuou no Afeganistão entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970. Durante a Guerra do Afeganistão (1979-1989), atacou comboios do exército soviético e instalações governamentais, para tomar armas e outros recursos, além de executarem assassinatos e sequestros, incluindo um de um general soviético. Após a prisão de seu líder, Majid Kalakani, em 27 de fevereiro de 1980, teve início um declínio, além disso, começou a sofrer ataques do Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, organização fundamentalista liderada por Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, que fizeram com que tivesse que se retirar de suas posições em Kalakan e Koh Daman, em 1983. Em 1983, agentes do PDPA se infiltraram na organização para tentar fazê-la se juntar ao governo na luta contra os fundamentalistas. Como isso não ocorreu, o governou utilizou informações dos agentes infiltrados para prender cerca de 60 líderes da organização, o que gerou uma mudança na liderança. A nova liderança entrou em negociações com o governo e começou a abandonar o maoísmo e sua estratégia para a Nova Democracia, causando deserções e divisões que deram origem ao surgimento de novos grupos maoístas. Em 1989, a organização deixou de existir . (pt)
  • 阿富汗人民解放组织(波斯語:سازمان آزادیبخش مردم افغانستان‎)是阿富汗历史上的一个毛派反政府组织,总部设在帕尔旺省。 它是阿富汗主要的左翼政治军事组织,反对阿富汗民主共和国和苏联。阿富汗人民解放组织由马吉德·卡拉卡尼领导,他打算把阿富汗人民解放组织变成毛主义的统一战线组织,以反对苏联支持的阿富汗人民民主黨。 该组织是与革命国际主义运动有联系的毛派团体, 但并不是所有成员都是毛派。和法伊兹·艾哈迈德领导的阿富汗解放组织不同,该组织反对三个世界理论。该组织起源于20世纪60年代和70年代的永恒火焰运动,是进步青年组织的后继者。 该组织因其游击队袭击而闻名。他们经常招募武装的不法之徒和土匪作为游击队员。该组织的游击队袭击苏联车队,抢劫苏联向政府提供的货币,并进行暗杀。有一次,穿着军装的该组织战斗人员闯入军事基地,掠夺它的武器,甚至绑架了一名苏联将军。 卡拉卡尼死后,该组织不断衰落,该组织和古勒卜丁·希克马蒂亚尔的伊斯兰党之间的斗争导致其在1983年退出了Kalakan和Koh Daman。 到1983年,政府军已渗入该组织,并试图鼓励该组织与政府结盟。当这种情况没有发生时,政府逮捕了60名组织领导人。该组织新的领导层与政府进行了讨论,并开始放弃毛主义及其新民主主义战略,导致分裂和抛弃,以及新的毛派团体的出现。到1989年该组织不复存在。 (zh)
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  • Majid Kalakani (en)
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  • 阿富汗人民解放组织(波斯語:سازمان آزادیبخش مردم افغانستان‎)是阿富汗历史上的一个毛派反政府组织,总部设在帕尔旺省。 它是阿富汗主要的左翼政治军事组织,反对阿富汗民主共和国和苏联。阿富汗人民解放组织由马吉德·卡拉卡尼领导,他打算把阿富汗人民解放组织变成毛主义的统一战线组织,以反对苏联支持的阿富汗人民民主黨。 该组织是与革命国际主义运动有联系的毛派团体, 但并不是所有成员都是毛派。和法伊兹·艾哈迈德领导的阿富汗解放组织不同,该组织反对三个世界理论。该组织起源于20世纪60年代和70年代的永恒火焰运动,是进步青年组织的后继者。 该组织因其游击队袭击而闻名。他们经常招募武装的不法之徒和土匪作为游击队员。该组织的游击队袭击苏联车队,抢劫苏联向政府提供的货币,并进行暗杀。有一次,穿着军装的该组织战斗人员闯入军事基地,掠夺它的武器,甚至绑架了一名苏联将军。 卡拉卡尼死后,该组织不断衰落,该组织和古勒卜丁·希克马蒂亚尔的伊斯兰党之间的斗争导致其在1983年退出了Kalakan和Koh Daman。 到1983年,政府军已渗入该组织,并试图鼓励该组织与政府结盟。当这种情况没有发生时,政府逮捕了60名组织领导人。该组织新的领导层与政府进行了讨论,并开始放弃毛主义及其新民主主义战略,导致分裂和抛弃,以及新的毛派团体的出现。到1989年该组织不复存在。 (zh)
  • Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan (Persian: سازمان آزادی‌بخش مردم افغانستان, Sazman-e Azadibakhsh-e Mardom-e Afghanistan, SAMA) was a Maoist insurgent group operating in Afghanistan, and based in Parwan Province. It was the main leftist politico-military organization in Afghanistan that fought in opposition to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan regime and the Soviets. SAMA was led by Majid Kalakani, who intended to turn SAMA into a Maoist styled United Front of forces opposed to the Soviet-backed PDPA. (en)
  • A Organização para a Libertação do Povo do Afeganistão (em persa : سازمان آزادی‌بخش مردم افغانستان, Sazman-e Azadibakhsh-e Mardom-e Afeganistão, SAMA) era um grupo insurgente maoísta afegão, com maior influência na Província de Parwan. Foi a principal organização político-militar de esquerda no Afeganistão, fundada em 1978, que lutou contra o regime pro-soviético do Partido Democrático do Povo do Afeganistão (PDPA) e contra o exército soviético, no contexto da Ruptura sino-soviética. Em 1989, a organização deixou de existir . (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan (en)
  • Organização para a Libertação do Povo do Afeganistão (pt)
  • 阿富汗人民解放组织 (zh)
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