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Leda and the Swan is an oil painting by Peter Paul Rubens, who painted two versions of this subject. The first was completed in 1601 and the second in 1602. Rubens was heavily influenced by Michelangelo. He was introduced to his work on his journey to Italy. Rubens decided to go to Rome to make copies of paintings and further his studies of Italian art from the leading Italian artists of the previous century, later termed the Renaissance. In Rome, he encountered Michelangelo's version of Leda and the Swan. Even though Michelangelo's version does not exist today, copies of it do. A copy of Michelangelo's original work was done by Rubens. Rubens would have been familiar with Michelangelo's Leda. His version is considered a prototype for Rubens's two works. Rubens's 1601 Leda, was modeled aft

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  • Leda y el cisne es una obra de Pedro Pablo Rubens, que pintó dos versiones de este tema. La primera en 1601 y la segunda en 1602. Rubens fue fuertemente influido por Miguel Ángel,​ cuyo trabajo conoció en su viaje a Italia. Rubens decidió ir a Roma para hacer copias de pinturas y ampliar sus estudios del arte italiano de los artistas clasicistas principales del siglo anterior, más tarde denominado Renacimiento.​ En Roma, encontró la versión de Miguel Ángel de Leda y el cisne. Aunque el original se ha perdido, se conservan numerosas copias;​ entre ellas estas de Rubens, muy fieles.​ La figura sin embargo varía drásticamente entre el estilo rubensiano y el miguelanguesco. Miguel Ángel representaba a las mujeres de manera masculina. Los músculos están claramente definidos y los cuerpos son duros, angulosos, las proporciones corporales aparecen sesgadas. Las mujeres de Rubens, sin embargo, son muy curvilíneas y mucho más suaves. Aquí el cabello está un poco suelto y no tan peinado. Las proporciones anatómicas son más realistas en ambos trabajos de Rubens. Aunque parecen muy similares, las dos versiones de Rubens difieren levemente. En su primera representación, la pincelada es más suelta, el paisaje está difuminado, no luce un peinado tan elaborado, los colores son apagados y la tela sobre la que yace la reina es verde. La pintura de 1601 debió ser inicialmente curva abajo, ya que se aprecia un corte del codo izquierdo al pie derecho cuando es vista a través de radiografías. Hoy presenta un formato rectangular como la versión de 1602. En su segunda pintura, las pinceladas son más precisas, hay más detalle, un paisaje más definido en el fondo, un peinado elaborado, colores más vibrantes, y la tela es blanca y roja.​ Un tema común en el Renacimiento y el Barroco fueron las escenas mitológicas griegas de mujeres raptadas o seducidas por divinidades.​ Esto incluye a Leda, así como Europa, Antíope y Dánae,​ siempre mostradas de manera sensual, al ser un pretexto para poder mostrar desnudos femeninos. Por tanto, la Leda de Rubens es muy erótica. Miguel Ángel, su modelo, no eligió el momento en que la falsa ave se acerca a la reina fingiendo mansedumbre, sino el preciso momento de la violación. El cisne trepa entre las piernas de la mujer derribada, mientras posa la cabeza sobre su pecho. Hay muchas variaciones del mito de Leda y el cisne. Leda es a veces llamada Némesis y otras veces son dos personas diferentes.​ Leda estaba casada con el rey de Esparta, Tíndaro​ y fue la madre de Clitemnestra, Helena, Pólux, y Cástor.​ El mito más común reclama que Zeus se transformó en cisne para acceder a la bella Leda.​ Algunas versiones afirman que ella amaba a Zeus y deseaba tener relaciones con él, pero la mayoría acuerdan que no era así y que fue engañada y sorprendida.​ Aquella noche, también hizo el amor con su esposo Tíndaro.​ Leda luego daría a luz dos, a veces cuatro, huevos de los que nacieron otros tantos hijos:​ Helena y Pólux eran de Zeus, y Clitemnestra y Cástor de Tíndaro.​ ​ Cástor y Pólux fueron apodados Dióscuros, o sea “hijos de Zeus”, incluso aunque Cástor era mortal porque era hijo de Tíndaro mientras Pólux era inmortal por ser hijo de Zeus.​ Según Hermes en los Diálogos de los muertos de Luciano de Samosata, Leda y su hija, Helena de Troya, eran las únicas mujeres dignas del título “bellezas de antaño”.​ Rubens cuidó de representar pues a Leda especialmente atractiva, con su figura curvilínea, suave piel de alabastro y cabello dorado. Este nuevo canon rubensiano de belleza femenina, más voluptuosa, hizo famoso al pintor e hizo que su Leda destacará todavía más en su momento. (es)
  • Leda and the Swan is an oil painting by Peter Paul Rubens, who painted two versions of this subject. The first was completed in 1601 and the second in 1602. Rubens was heavily influenced by Michelangelo. He was introduced to his work on his journey to Italy. Rubens decided to go to Rome to make copies of paintings and further his studies of Italian art from the leading Italian artists of the previous century, later termed the Renaissance. In Rome, he encountered Michelangelo's version of Leda and the Swan. Even though Michelangelo's version does not exist today, copies of it do. A copy of Michelangelo's original work was done by Rubens. Rubens would have been familiar with Michelangelo's Leda. His version is considered a prototype for Rubens's two works. Rubens's 1601 Leda, was modeled after Michelangelo's Leda. The placement of the body is very similar as is its twisting posture. Even the positioning of the fingers is mirrored. The swan is caressing the female in exactly the same way. The actual figure of the female varies drastically between Rubens's style and Michelangelo's style. Michelangelo typically depicted women in a masculine way. Muscles are more clearly defined and the bodies look hard. The body is thinner. The hair is neatly styled. Michelangelo's body proportions are a little skewed. Rubens's women, on the other hand, are extremely curvaceous and are much softer. The hair is somewhat loose and not as styled. The body proportions seem more realistic in Rubens's two works. Though Rubens's two works are very similar, they do differ. In his first depiction, the brushstrokes are looser, it is not as detailed, there is less landscape, no elaborate headpiece, the colors are muted, and the drapes are green. The 1601 painting was initially supposed to be in a painted ellipse that cut off the left elbow and part of the right foot as seen through x-rays. Today it is in a rectangular format along with the 1602 painting. In his second painting, the brushstrokes are more precise, there is more detail, there is a clearer landscape in the background, an elaborate headpiece, more vibrant colors, and the drapery is white and red. A common Renaissance and Baroque theme is females that are abducted or seduced by divinities. This includes Leda and the swan as Zeus, as well as Europa, Antiope, and Danae. Many portrayals of women being seduced by divinities are shown in a sensual manner. For instance, Rubens's Leda, is very erotic. Leda is shown fully nude with her buttocks and left breast being visible. The swan is caressing her on her most intimate area with its neck cradled between her breasts. The swan is depicted as a graceful animal who also can ravish. There are many variations to the myth of Leda and the swan. Leda is sometimes called Nemesis and other times they are two separate people. Leda was married to the king of Sparta, Tyndareus. She is the mother of several children though she is most known for giving birth to Clytemnestra, Helen, Pollux, and Castor. The most common myth claims that Zeus transformed himself into a swan to couple with Leda. Some versions claim that she loved Zeus and willing had sexual relations with him, while other versions claim she was seduced and therefore was not willing. That same night, she coupled with Tyndareus also. Leda then gave birth to four children at the same time. The two pairs of twins resulted in Helen and Pollux belonging to Zeus, and Clytemnestra and Castor belonging to Tyndareus. Though each pair is attributed to either Zeus or Tyndareus, each man is said to be the father of all four children. Castor and Pollux were called the Dioscuri meaning “Zeus’s sons,” even though Castor was mortal because he was the son of Tyndareus and Pollux was immortal because he was the son of Zeus. According to Hermes in Lucians’ The Dialogues of the Dead, Leda and her daughter (Helen of Troy) are the only women worthy of the title "beauties of old". Rubens's depictions of Leda's curvy figure, alabaster skin, and golden hair represent a type of "Rubenesque" female figure he became famous for. (en)
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  • Leda y el cisne es una obra de Pedro Pablo Rubens, que pintó dos versiones de este tema. La primera en 1601 y la segunda en 1602. Rubens fue fuertemente influido por Miguel Ángel,​ cuyo trabajo conoció en su viaje a Italia. Rubens decidió ir a Roma para hacer copias de pinturas y ampliar sus estudios del arte italiano de los artistas clasicistas principales del siglo anterior, más tarde denominado Renacimiento.​ En Roma, encontró la versión de Miguel Ángel de Leda y el cisne. Aunque el original se ha perdido, se conservan numerosas copias;​ entre ellas estas de Rubens, muy fieles.​ (es)
  • Leda and the Swan is an oil painting by Peter Paul Rubens, who painted two versions of this subject. The first was completed in 1601 and the second in 1602. Rubens was heavily influenced by Michelangelo. He was introduced to his work on his journey to Italy. Rubens decided to go to Rome to make copies of paintings and further his studies of Italian art from the leading Italian artists of the previous century, later termed the Renaissance. In Rome, he encountered Michelangelo's version of Leda and the Swan. Even though Michelangelo's version does not exist today, copies of it do. A copy of Michelangelo's original work was done by Rubens. Rubens would have been familiar with Michelangelo's Leda. His version is considered a prototype for Rubens's two works. Rubens's 1601 Leda, was modeled aft (en)
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  • Leda y el cisne (Rubens) (es)
  • Leda and the Swan (Rubens) (en)
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